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International audience; The Fintech industry has facilitated the development of companies using blockchain technology. The use of this technology inside banking system and industry opens the route to several questions regarding the business activity, legal environment, and insurance devices. In this paper, considering the creation of small companies interested to develop their business with a public blockchain, we analyse from different aspects why a company (in banking or insurance system, and industry) decides that a blockchain protocol is more legitimate than another one for the business which it wants to develop looking at the legal (in case of dispute) points of view. We associate with each blockchain a probative value which permits to assure in case of dispute that a transaction has been really done. We illustrate our proposal using 13 blockchains providing in that case a ranking between these blockchains for their use in business environment. We associate with this probative value some main characteristics of any blockchain as market capitalization and log-return volatilities that the investors need to also take into account with the new probative value for their managerial strategy.

International audience; Herein we explore whether a solemn oath can eliminate hypothetical bias in a voting referenda, a popular elicitation mechanism promoted in non-market valuation exercises for its incentive compatibility properties. First, we reject the null hypothesis that a hypothetical bias does not exist. Second, we observe that people who sign an oath are significantly less likely to vote for the public good in a hypothetical referenda. We complement this evidence with a self-reported measure of honesty which confirms that the oath increases truthfulness in answers. This result opens interesting avenues for improving the elicitation of preferences in the lab and beyond.

An experiment shows that although bank employees behave honestly on average, their dishonesty increases when they make decisions after having been primed to think about their professional identity. See Letter p.86 Popular opinion has it that unethical business practices are prevalent in the culture of the financial sector. Ernst Fehr and colleagues sought scientific evidence to support this claim. They find that in a laboratory game designed to reveal dishonest behaviour, employees of a large international bank behaved by-and-large as honestly as the rest of us. But in tests designed to mimic the competitive nature of their profession, many of the bankers began to act dishonestly. Those from other industries and student volunteers did not show this effect. The authors conclude that if financial institutions are to regain our trust, they need to encourage honest behaviour by changing the norms associated with their workers' professional identity.