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Background Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, the incidence of mental health problems in perinatal women has been high, and particularly prominent in China which was the first country affected by COVID-19. This paper aims to investigate the current situation and the related factors of maternal coping difficulties after discharge during COVID-19. Methods General information questionnaires (the Perinatal Maternal Health Literacy Scale, Postpartum Social Support Scale and Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale-New Mother Form) were used to investigate 226 puerperal women in the third week of puerperium. The influencing factors were analyzed by single factor analysis, correlation and multiple linear regression. Results The total score of coping difficulties after discharge was 48.92 ± 12.05. At the third week after delivery, the scores of health literacy and social support were 21.34 ± 5.18 and 47.96 ± 12.71. There were negative correlations among health literacy, social support and coping difficulties after discharge (r = -0.34, r = -0.38, P Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, puerperal women in a low- and middle-income city had moderate coping difficulties after discharge and were affected by many factors. To meet the different needs of parturients and improve their psychological coping ability, medical staff should perform adequate assessment of social resources relevant to parturients and their families when they are discharged, so they can smoothly adapt to the role of mothers.

A reliable and efficient hairy root induction system for the important medicinal plant Callerya speciosa was established by optimizing several parameters that affected the efficiency of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformations. Four strains, A4, LBA9402, R1601 and C58C1, and four types of explants, hypocotyls, cotyledons, leaves and excised stems, were examined and the highest rate of transformation (68.3 %) was obtained in cotyledons using strain LBA9402. Therefore, the optimum co-cultivation time and acetosyringone (AS) concentration were evaluated for LBA9402-infected cotyledons and determined to be 2 days and 100 µM AS, respectively, resulting in 64.4 and 66.7 % hairy root transformation efficiency rates, respectively. Transgenic hairy root lines were confirmed by PCR amplification and Southern blot. The growth trend of hairy roots was “slow-quick-slow” and peaked after 30 days of culturing, with increases of 11-fold and 11.4-fold of fresh and dry weights respectively, compared with initial inoculation. Hairy roots showed the ability to synthesize polysaccharides. The effects of different media Murashige and Skoog (MS), ½ MS, WPM and B5, and carbon sources, sucrose, glucose, fructose and maltose on the growth and polysaccharide production of hairy roots were also studied. The ½ MS medium was found to be superior, resulting in the highest accumulation of biomass (10.9 g L−1 fresh weight and 1.1 g L−1 dry weight), the maximum growth index (9.96) and polysaccharide content (22.56 mg g−1 dry weight). Sucrose at 30 g L−1 was optimal for both biomass accumulation and polysaccharide production.