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The mechanisms of the organization of goal-directed movements in the human arm have received insufficient study. The processes of cortical reorganization on the background of learning new skills and rehabilitation after central nervous system disease are of particular interest. Studies of the motor system and recording of neurophysiological parameters determining the kinematic characteristics of movements at the cortical level use navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation. The present study of 20 healthy volunteers randomized to study and control groups assessed resting motor thresholds, cortical motor representation zones of the extensor digitorum communis muscle in terms of areas and weighted areas, and the displacement of the centers of gravity on the background of training to motor imagery using a brain–computer interface. No significant differences were found between these parameters in the study group and the control group.

The physiological mechanisms underlying the process of motor imagery have significant similarities with the mechanisms of motor control, and this can be used for the rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders. In patients with severe paresis, motor imagery may be the only method producing movement recovery. Over the last decade, this has led to increasing interest in studies of the function of motor imagery. Brain–computer interface technologies can be used monitor training with imaginary movements.