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We conducted a comparative morphological study of placentas from women with gestational diabetes and diabetes mellitus. Morphometry of histological preparations revealed similar type of changes in the studied parameters of placental villi in diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes. The maximum deviation of the studied parameters from the control was noted in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Possible approaches to solving the problem of the reproducibility of ceramic products are considered. The insufficient effect of using only statistical methods for this purpose is discussed. A program for investigating the studied object in stages is proposed, which is completed with the development of a mathematical model of the physicochemical processes of ceramic synthesis.

The manufacturing of the ceramic filters used in a gas analyzer for sampling flue gases at temperatures to 950°C is described. The proposed technology makes it possible to obtain a through porous structure with pore size varying systematically over the filter wall thickness and thereby obtain a long service life.

The porous macrostructure of heat-resistant coatings is described as a function of the content of Al2,O3, Cr2O3, NiO, ZrO2, and Fe2O3 additives. The relationship between the porosity of the coating and its refractoriness is established. The introduction of Cr2O3 and NiO provides the requisite melting characteristics in the coating and the optimum porous macrostructure.

The conditions and significant factors for preparing heat-resistant glass ceramic coatings for alloyed steels without using frit are considered. It was established that in order to obtain a glassy coating the radius of a particle characterizing the average dispersion of the system should not exceed 2.3 pin and the degree of polydispersion (the ratio of the maximum radius to the minimum one) should be 22. The use of water-insoluble charge ingredients and their calcination after the first crushing ensures complete sealing of shrinkage cracks.

A graphic-analytical model that makes it possible to estimate the capacity of a metal-melt system of a formed coating for producing inhomogeneities in the form of nonsealed shrinkage cracks and to calculate the numerical values of the characteristics of the system for which the coating will have no defects is presented.

Mix compositions are synthesized and their sintering conditions for the production of ceramic lugs are determined. The ceramic structure obtained makes it possible to increase 8–10-fold the service life of thimbles used in an apparatus for monitoring the anticorrosion protection of main pipelines.

The possibility of using low-melting glazes for decorative ceramics without frit melting is studied. It is demonstrated that a transparent glaze layer can be obtained at a firing temperature not higher than 1000°C provided the initial finely milled material is previously heat-treated at a temperature of 900°C and subsequently milled.

The results of studying ceramic mixtures for high-temperature porous ceramics are considered. The technology of producing a flame damper based on such mixture is analyzed.

Using mathematical modeling, the possibility of improving the drying properties of brick mixtures without using stony grog components is demonstrated. The proposed method can be recommended for the optimization of the drying process at brick and tile factories.

Heat treatment entails considerable expenditure of power and often requires expensive equipment. One of the fundamental problems arising in the elaboration of heat treatment technology is the selection of the economically optimal process, which also has to ensure the quality of finished parts required by the customer. To correctly determine the expenditures on the basic kinds of resources it is necessary to improve the methods of calculating prime costs and to carry out such a calculation at the earliest stages of the technological preparation of production. A new method of optimizing synthesis of the structure of devising technological processes of heat treatment using the achievements of cybernetics and the possibilities of computerization is examined in this article. The method makes it possible to analyze in detail the economy of all possible variants of a technological process when one parameter is changed, without recalculating all items of prime cost.

With the start of cooling when the formation of carbon oxides and steam is practically finished, there is a reduction in the solubility of the hydrogen in the steel. As a result of the process; the birth, growth, and breaking away of the bubbles are prolonged into the cooling stage after firing of the steel with the applied enamel, but at this stage also on account of the hydrogen. With further reduction in the temperature the separation of hydrogen is continued, but there is also an increase in the viscosity of the molten enamel. In this case, at a certain temperature, the viscosity increases so much that the hydrogen is in no state to overcome the resistance of the coating layer. The growth of the bubbles already existing is discontinued~ and the hydrogen remaining in the steel cannot contribute to the formation of new bubbles, although its separation continues. As a result, after cooling the system to room temperature such a pressure is created within certain bubbles and microcavities contacting the steel, that it leads to the defect of fish scale (according to the well-known theory). Hence, it can be concluded that the tendency of any system to develop fish scale depends on the temperature at which the growth of bubbles is discontinued -- the "freezing" temperature. The higher this temperature, then, the more hydrogen remains in the steel, other conditions being equal, and the greater the probability of defect formation. We developed a method of experimentally determining the stated temperature. The essence of the method consists in using the so-called secondary boiling. If the steel, cooled after firing with the ground enamel~ is heated again to the "freezing" temperature then the bubbles existing in contact with the steel and having excess pressure will cause an increase in the pressure. In practice the determination can be made with the equipment described in [2] or equipment similar to it.