88 results on '"R. SCHULZ"'
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2. Forensische Altersdiagnostik mittels Niederfeld-Magnetresonanztomographie
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C. Ottow, S. Schmidt, R. Schulz, L. Sottmann, W. Heindel, T. Krähling, H. Pfeiffer, V. Vieth, and A. Schmeling
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Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Ein rechtlich zulässiges medizinisches Altersfeststellungsverfahren mit möglichst schonenden und zuverlässigen Methoden bei unbegleiteten und fraglich minderjährigen Ausländern ist erforderlich, um den tatsächlich Minderjährigen den für sie gesetzlich vorgesehenen besonderen Schutz zukommen zu lassen. Ziel der Arbeit Studiendesign und erste Ergebnisse einer Studie zur forensischen Altersdiagnostik mittels Niederfeld-Magnetresonanztomographie werden vorgestellt. Material und Methoden Geplant ist die prospektive Untersuchung von 650 Studienteilnehmenden, gleichmäßig verteilt innerhalb der Altersgruppe 12 bis 24 Jahre zu je 25 Personen je Geschlecht. Es sollen Entwicklungsstadien von distalem Radius, distaler Ulna, distalem Femur und proximaler Tibia mithilfe eines 0,31-Tesla(T)-Niederfeld-MRT-Scanners erfasst und mittels Anwendung der Vieth-Klassifikation ausgewertet werden. Ergebnisse Nach Auswertung der Untersuchungen der bisher 487 untersuchten Studienteilnehmenden ist ersichtlich, dass die gewählten Sequenzen die für die Vieth-Klassifikation relevanten Charakteristika der Ossifikation der untersuchten Epiphysen erfassen. Die Untersuchungen erweisen sich überdies als einfach in der Durchführung. Schlussfolgerung Untersuchungen zur forensischen Altersschätzung am Lebenden unter Anwendung der Vieth-Klassifikation sind mit Niederfeld-MRT-Scannern bei einer Feldstärke von 0,31 T durchführbar. Es bleibt zu klären, ob die mit einem 0,31-T-Niederfeld-MRT-Scanner nachweisbaren Ossifikationsmerkmale am Handgelenk und am Knie einen zweifelsfreien Volljährigkeitsnachweis erlauben.
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- 2022
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3. Host cell entry and neutralisation sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16 lineage
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Inga Nehlmeier, Amy Kempf, Prerna Arora, Anne Cossmann, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Metodi V. Stankov, Sebastian R. Schulz, Hans-Martin Jäck, Georg M. N. Behrens, Stefan Pöhlmann, and Markus Hoffmann
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Infectious Diseases ,Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Published
- 2023
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4. Schrubber als Tatwaffe
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I. Wirth, Sven Schmidt, R. Schulz, and A. Schmeling
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine ,Art ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,media_common - Abstract
ZusammenfassungEs wird über einen Fall häuslicher Gewalt berichtet, bei dem die 86-jährige Ehefrau ihren gleichaltrigen, an Demenz leidenden Ehemann durch vielfache stumpfe Gewalteinwirkungen tötete. Als Tatwerkzeug kam ein Schrubber zum Einsatz. Richtungweisend für die Identifizierung des Schrubbers als Tatwaffe waren die zahlreichen gruppiert angeordneten, rundlichen, kleinfleckigen Hautabschürfungen sowie die gruppiert angeordneten, kleinfleckigen Hautunterblutungen, die sich den Borstenbüscheln eines Schrubbers zuordnen ließen. Todesursächlich war ein Verbluten in die Weichteile. Eine Fettembolie wurde histologisch ausgeschlossen. In einem Sicherungsverfahren wurde für die Ehefrau aufgrund einer Alzheimer-Demenz mit dadurch bedingter mangelnder Steuerungsfähigkeit die Unterbringung in einem psychiatrischen Krankenhaus angeordnet.
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- 2020
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5. Effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on neuromuscular junctions and mitochondria in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles of mice—the role of iNOS
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L. I. Bannow, G. A. Bonaterra, M. Bertoune, S. Maus, R. Schulz, N. Weissmann, S. Kraut, R. Kinscherf, W. Hildebrandt, Medizin, and Anatomie und Zellbiologie
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Muscle atrophy ,iNOS ,Mitochondria ,Oxidative stress ,Fiber type ,Denervation ,Neuromuscular junction ,Medizin ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,Cell Biology ,Medical sciences Medicine ,RC925-935 ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,ddc:610 ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) imposes vascular and metabolic risks through chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and impairs skeletal muscle performance. As studies addressing limb muscles are rare, the reasons for the lower exercise capacity are unknown. We hypothesize that CIH-related morphological alterations in neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) and mitochondrial integrity might be the cause of functional disorders in skeletal muscles. Methods Mice were kept under 6 weeks of CIH (alternating 7% and 21% O2 fractions every 30 s, 8 h/day, 5 days/week) compared to normoxia (NOX). Analyses included neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) postsynaptic morphology and integrity, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and composition (ATPase), mitochondrial ultrastructure (transmission-electron-microscopy), and relevant transcripts (RT-qPCR). Besides wildtype (WT), we included inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice (iNOS−/−) to evaluate whether iNOS is protective or risk-mediating. Results In WT soleus muscle, CIH vs. NOX reduced NMJ size (− 37.0%, p < 0.001) and length (− 25.0%, p < 0.05) together with fiber CSA of type IIa fibers (− 14%, p < 0.05) and increased centronucleated fiber fraction (p < 0.001). Moreover, CIH vs. NOX increased the fraction of damaged mitochondria (1.8-fold, p < 0.001). Compared to WT, iNOS−/− similarly decreased NMJ area and length with NOX (− 55%, p < 0.001 and − 33%, p < 0.05, respectively) or with CIH (− 37%, p < 0.05 and − 29%, p < 0.05), however, prompted no fiber atrophy. Moreover, increased fractions of damaged (2.1-fold, p < 0.001) or swollen (> 6-fold, p < 0.001) mitochondria were observed with iNOS−/− vs. WT under NOX and similarly under CIH. Both, CIH- and iNOS−/− massively upregulated suppressor-of-cytokine-signaling-3 (SOCS3) > 10-fold without changes in IL6 mRNA expression. Furthermore, inflammatory markers like CD68 (macrophages) and IL1β were significantly lower in CIH vs. NOX. None of these morphological alterations with CIH- or iNOS−/− were detected in the gastrocnemius muscle. Notably, iNOS expression was undetectable in WT muscle, unlike the liver, where it was massively decreased with CIH. Conclusion CIH leads to NMJ and mitochondrial damage associated with fiber atrophy/centronucleation selectively in slow-twitch muscle of WT. This effect is largely mimicked by iNOS−/− at NOX (except for atrophy). Both conditions involve massive SOCS3 upregulation likely through denervation without Il6 upregulation but accompanied by a decrease of macrophage density especially next to denervated endplates. In the absence of muscular iNOS expression in WT, this damage may arise from extramuscular, e.g., motoneuronal iNOS deficiency (through CIH or knockout) awaiting functional evaluation.
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- 2022
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6. Editorial
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R. Schulz, M. B. Specht, and B. A. Stuck
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Physiology (medical) - Published
- 2022
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7. Mammadiagnostik: von der klinischen Diagnostik bis zur künstlichen Intelligenz
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M. Reiser and R. Schulz-Wendtland
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Interventional radiology ,Medical physics ,business ,Cardiac imaging ,Neuroradiology - Published
- 2021
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8. Die Beurteilung der Sekundärdentinbildung im Pulpencavum der mandibulären Prämolaren im Orthopantomogramm zur Altersdiagnostik lebender Personen
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Andreas Schmeling, M. Timme, Reinhard B. Dettmeyer, Heidi Pfeiffer, A. Olze, W. H. Timme, and R. Schulz
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Gynecology ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,0302 clinical medicine ,Political science ,010401 analytical chemistry ,medicine ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Zahnarztliche Methoden sind Bestandteil der Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Forensische Altersdiagnostik der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Rechtsmedizin zur Altersdiagnostik bei lebenden Personen. Ist die Zahnentwicklung abgeschlossen, so konnen degenerative Zahnmerkmale beurteilt werden. Ein zur Altersdiagnostik geeignetes Merkmal stellen die Sekundardentinbildung der Odontoblasten im Pulpencavum und der damit verbundene Ruckgang des Pulpenvolumens dar. Olze et al. (2012) haben eine Stadieneinteilung zur Beurteilung der Sekundardentinbildung im Orthopantomogramm zur Altersschatzung lebender Personen anhand der rontgenologischen Verkleinerung des Pulpencavums der mandibularen Pramolaren vorgestellt. Fur die vorliegende Studie wurde die Anwendbarkeit dieser Stadieneinteilung an einem groseren Kollektiv mit groserer Altersspanne uberpruft. Es wurden 2346 Rontgenbefunde von 1167 weiblichen und 1179 mannlichen Personen im Alter von 15 bis 70 Jahren ausgewertet. Fur jedes Stadium wurden das Altersminimum, das Altersmaximum, der Mittelwert mit Standardabweichung, der Median sowie das untere und das obere Quartil ermittelt. Alle untersuchten Manner der Stichprobe im Stadium 3 waren alter als 18 Jahre. Der Ansatz einer einfach anzuwendenden Stadieneinteilung ist fur den praktischen Einsatz zu begrusen. Problematisch stellte sich jedoch die exakte Zuordnung des Kronenaquators dar. Hier ist auf die notwendige Qualitat der Bildgebung zu achten.
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- 2019
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9. The Formation of Nano-voids in electroless Cu Layers
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Stefan Kempa, Kay Wurdinger, Tobias Bernhard, S. Branagan, Frank Brüning, Lutz Stamp, and R. Schulz
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Interconnection ,Void (astronomy) ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Ionic bonding ,02 engineering and technology ,Electrolyte ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Printed circuit board ,Mechanics of Materials ,Transmission electron microscopy ,Nano ,General Materials Science ,Nanometre ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The electrical reliability of multilayer high density interconnection printed circuit boards (HDI-PCBs) is mainly affected by the thermo-mechanical stability of stacked micro via interconnections. Here, a critical failure mode is the stress related crack between the electrolytically filled via and the target pad, commonly known as target pad separation. The junction includes two Cu-Cu-interfaces, one between the target Cu pad and the thin electroless Cu layer and the second between electroless Cu and electrolytic Cu. In this paper we will show that state-of-the-art electroless Cu plating processes are able to provide solid, completely recrystallized and highly reliable stacked via junctions. Defect free interfaces were achieved by using ionic Pd-activators and electroless Cu baths with a cyanide based stabilizer system. Cyanide free electroless Cu baths tend more to the formation of nanometer sized defects, discovered via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In this case a precise adjustment of single stabilizer components is mandatory to achieve defect free layers. The defects are hollow and were identified as “nano voids”. A critical density of these nano voids weakens the interface, predefines the crack path and reduces the overall reliability of the junction. A precise localization of the nano voids within the junction was enabled by detecting the Ni-containing electroless Cu layer via TEM-Ni mapping. Slower volume exchange of the electroless Cu solution within the blind micro via (BMV) substantially increases the nano void density. The ability of nano voids to migrate and coalesce at elevated temperatures was investigated as well.
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- 2019
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10. Geschichte, Ableitung und Auswertung der Polysomnographie
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M. B. Specht, Tim Oliver Hirche, and R. Schulz
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,business - Abstract
Die Polysomnographie (PSG) ist das Standardverfahren zur Untersuchung des menschlichen Schlafs und dessen Storungen. Die Grundlagen der PSG wurden v. a. durch die Entdeckung des Elektroenzephalogramms (EEG) geschaffen. Durchfuhrung und Auswertung sollten nach standardisierten, evidenzbasierten Regeln erfolgen, die einem fortlaufenden Validierungsprozess unterliegen (Manual der American Academy of Sleep Medicine, AASM). Diese legen neben technischen Spezifikationen oder Elektrodenpositionen auch fest, wie Schlaf zu klassifizieren ist und welche Voraussetzungen bei schlafbezogenen Ereignissen wie Arousals, Atempausen und Beinbewegungen gegeben sein mussen, um diese als solche zu erkennen.
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- 2019
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11. Fatal poisoning with diethylene glycol in an unusual setting
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Karin Varchmin-Schultheiß, H. Köhler, Daniel Wittschieber, Katrin Heuberger, and R. Schulz
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Forensic pathology ,genetic structures ,Injury control ,Multiple Organ Failure ,Poison control ,01 natural sciences ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Clinical course ,Diethylene glycol ,General Medicine ,Dermatology ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Accidents ,Ethylene Glycols ,business ,Forensic autopsy ,Triphasic Pattern ,Kidney necrosis - Abstract
Morphological findings in cases of intoxication are relatively rare in forensic pathology. In this article we report on a 26-year-old man who drank clear fluid from a tequila bottle that was given to him by a friend. Afterwards, the clear fluid was assumed to be smoke fluid containing diethylene glycol (DEG). The man died eight days later. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the kidneys and the liver at forensic autopsy revealed findings typical of a DEG intoxication. In addition, the clinical course showed the typical triphasic pattern of symptoms. Toxicological analysis confirmed the presence of DEG in both the original smoke fluid and the tequila bottle. In conclusion, death was due to fatal intoxication by DEG. While most DEG intoxications have been mass poisoning incidents attributed to pharmaceutical products, the present case describes an unusual example of a single decedent.
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- 2019
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12. PLD3 and PLD4 are single-stranded acid exonucleases that regulate endosomal nucleic-acid sensing
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Meredith O'Keeffe, Rachel L. Sielski, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Patrick Skog, Armen Zeitjian, Brian R. Lawson, Deli Huang, Benjamin F. Cravatt, Kent G. Osborn, Markus Damme, David Nemazee, Therese C. Thinnes, Farnaz Kargaran, Hubertus Hochrein, Christoph Huber, Alessandro Zarpellon, Annica Mårtensson, Hayley S. Chong, John R. Teijaro, Phoebe Kimm, Amanda L. Gavin, Megan Briggs, Luc Teyton, Tanya R. Blane, Sebastian R. Schulz, Virginie Tardif, and Ee Shan Pang
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Exonucleases ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,DNA, Single-Stranded ,Arthritis ,Inflammation ,Endosomes ,Phospholipase ,Article ,Hepatitis ,Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Pathogenesis ,Interferon-gamma ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Alzheimer Disease ,Phospholipase D ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Mice, Knockout ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,Scleroderma, Systemic ,Chemistry ,Macrophages ,TLR9 ,Dendritic Cells ,medicine.disease ,Cell biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,Cytokine ,Toll-Like Receptor 9 ,Nucleic acid ,medicine.symptom ,Signal transduction ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The sensing of microbial genetic material by leukocytes often elicits beneficial pro-inflammatory cytokines, but dysregulated responses can cause severe pathogenesis. Genome-wide association studies have linked the gene encoding phospholipase D3 (PLD3) to Alzheimer's disease and have linked PLD4 to rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. PLD3 and PLD4 are endolysosomal proteins whose functions are obscure. Here, PLD4-deficient mice were found to have an inflammatory disease, marked by elevated levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and splenomegaly. These phenotypes were traced to altered responsiveness of PLD4-deficient dendritic cells to ligands of the single-stranded DNA sensor TLR9. Macrophages from PLD3-deficient mice also had exaggerated TLR9 responses. Although PLD4 and PLD3 were presumed to be phospholipases, we found that they are 5' exonucleases, probably identical to spleen phosphodiesterase, that break down TLR9 ligands. Mice deficient in both PLD3 and PLD4 developed lethal liver inflammation in early life, which indicates that both enzymes are needed to regulate inflammatory cytokine responses via the degradation of nucleic acids.
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- 2018
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13. Striae distensae
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Daniel Wittschieber, B. Karger, R. Schulz, and K. Heuberger
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030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,business.industry ,Medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Published
- 2017
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14. Interdisziplinäre Aufklärung eines ungewöhnlichen Stromunfalls
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B. Heitkötter, D. Koch, R. Schulz, Daniel Wittschieber, A. Schmeling, and P.F. Schmidt
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Philosophy ,010401 analytical chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,people.cause_of_death ,0104 chemical sciences ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Electrocution ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,people - Abstract
Einen Stromtod anhand von Obduktions- und histologischen Befunden festzustellen, kann Rechtsmediziner vor grose Schwierigkeiten stellen. Daher sind in Zweifelsfallen interdisziplinare forensische Untersuchungen unabdingbar. In diesem Beitrag wird die Kasuistik eines 40 Jahre alt gewordenen Mannes vorgestellt, der im Bereich seiner Gartenteichanlage tot aufgefunden worden war. Aufgrund eines suspekten Hautbefundes konnte nach der Obduktion die Vermutung eines stattgehabten Stromunfalls geausert werden, die mithilfe physikalischer Untersuchungen und der Fundortbegutachtung durch einen elektrotechnischen Sachverstandigen bestatigt werden konnte.
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- 2015
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15. Magnetresonanztomographiestudie zur Altersschätzung von unbegleiteten minderjährigen Flüchtlingen
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Walter Heindel, Sven Schmidt, Volker Vieth, Daniel Wittschieber, A. Schmeling, R. Schulz, Heidi Pfeiffer, A. Olze, Christian Ottow, S. Ribbecke, and J.A. Krämer
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Philosophy ,medicine ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Hintergrund Zur Erhohung der Aussagesicherheit von Altersschatzungen bei lebenden Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen ohne Legitimation fur Rontgenuntersuchungen sind in den letzten Jahren rontgenstrahlenfreie bildgebende Verfahren in den Fokus des Forschungsinteresses auf dem Gebiet der forensischen Altersdiagnostik geruckt.
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- 2014
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16. Subclassification of clavicular substage 3a is useful for diagnosing the age of 17 years
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Klaus Püschel, Heidi Pfeiffer, R. Schulz, Daniel Wittschieber, Sven Schmidt, A. Schmeling, and Volker Vieth
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine ,Autopsy ,Computed tomography ,Context (language use) ,Stage (cooking) ,Skeletal Age Measurements ,business ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Surgery - Abstract
In various European countries the age of 17 years can play a key role in the context of subsequent immigration of further family members in cases of unaccompanied minor refugees. The present study investigated whether further subclassification of the clavicular substage 3a can serve as an additional criterion for determining if a person has reached 17 years of age. In this study the computed tomography scans of 36 autopsy cases with clavicular substage 3a were further subclassified according to a new classification system comprising the stages 3aa, 3ab and 3ac. The analysis revealed that the new stage 3ac occurred first at the age of 18.2 years in males and at 17.6 years in females. The presence of the new stage 3ac represents a potential criterion for indicating that the 17th year of life has been completed.
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- 2014
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17. Sonographische Untersuchungen verschiedener Skelettregionen
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R. Schulz, Andreas Schmeling, Heidi Pfeiffer, and Sven Schmidt
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,business ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Die Sonographie stellt eine strahlenfreie, schnelle, kostengunstige und breit verfugbare Methode zur Beurteilung der Skelettreifung dar. Forensisch verwertbare Referenzstudien liegen fur die sonographische Bestimmung des Ossifikationsstadiums mehrerer Skelettregionen vor. Die kombinierte Untersuchung der Beckenkammapophyse sowie der Epiphysen der medialen Clavicula, des distalen Radius, des Trochanter major femoris und der distalen Fibula ermoglicht den Nachweis der Vollendung des 14., 16. und 18. Lebensjahrs. Zur Erhohung der Aussagesicherheit sonographischer Untersuchungen sollte in der Altersschatzungspraxis die Befunderhebung durch zumindest 2 erfahrene unabhangige Untersucher mit anschliesender Konsensbildung erfolgen.
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- 2014
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18. Studienlage zum zeitlichen Verlauf der Schlüsselbeinossifikation
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Sven Schmidt, Ernst Rudolf, Daniel Wittschieber, R. Schulz, and Andreas Schmeling
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medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine ,Computed tomography ,Ultrasonography ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Fur den Nachweis der Vollendung des 18. und des 21. Lebensjahrs kommt der Beurteilung der Schlusselbeinossifikation im Kanon der von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Forensische Altersdiagnostik (AGFAD) empfohlenen Methoden fur Altersschatzungen bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Zum zeitlichen Verlauf der Ossifikation der medialen Claviculaepiphyse liegen zahlreiche osteologische, projektionsradio-, computertomo-, magnetresonanztomo- und sonographische Untersuchungen vor. Die wesentlichen Studien werden modalitatengetrennt vorgestellt. Ihre Anwendbarkeit in der Altersschatzungspraxis wird diskutiert.
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- 2014
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19. Does providing nutrition information at vending machines reduce calories per item sold?
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Daniel L. Bibeau, Sat Gupta, Mark R. Schulz, David L. Wyrick, and Deirdre A Dingman
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Male ,Adolescent ,Universities ,Public health law ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,education ,Control (management) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,International health ,United States ,Young Adult ,Intervention (law) ,Food Labeling ,Signage ,Environmental health ,Humans ,Female ,Residence ,Business ,Health care reform ,Energy Intake ,Food Dispensers, Automatic ,health care economics and organizations ,Health policy - Abstract
In 2010, the United States (US) enacted a restaurant menu labeling law. The law also applied to vending machine companies selling food. Research suggested that providing nutrition information on menus in restaurants might reduce the number of calories purchased. We tested the effect of providing nutrition information and 'healthy' designations to consumers where vending machines were located in college residence halls. We conducted our study at one university in Southeast US (October-November 2012). We randomly assigned 18 vending machines locations (residence halls) to an intervention or control group. For the intervention we posted nutrition information, interpretive signage, and sent a promotional email to residents of the hall. For the control group we did nothing. We tracked sales over 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after we introduced the intervention. Our intervention did not change what the residents bought. We recommend additional research about providing nutrition information where vending machines are located, including testing formats used to present information.
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- 2014
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20. Ossifikationsvorgänge des Trochanter major femoris
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R. Schulz, A. Schmeling, M. Schiborr, Heidi Pfeiffer, and Sven Schmidt
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Trochanter major ,Political science ,medicine ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Hintergrund Trotz einer als verhaltnismasig zu bewertenden minimalen Strahlenexposition steht der Einsatz von Rontgenstrahlung zum Zweck der forensischen Schatzung des chronologischen Personenalters immer wieder im Mittelpunkt der offentlichen Kritik. Dies hat in der jungeren Vergangenheit die wissenschaftliche Uberprufung alternativer bildgebender Verfahren beflugelt, mit denen die strahlenfreie Begutachtung des Skelettreifungsprozesses moglich ist.
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- 2014
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21. Age dependence of epiphyseal ossification of the distal radius in ultrasound diagnostics
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Heidi Pfeiffer, R. Schulz, Manfred Schiborr, Sven Schmidt, and Andreas Schmeling
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Radiography ,Pilot Projects ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Young Adult ,Osteogenesis ,Age Determination by Skeleton ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Stage (cooking) ,Child ,Male gender ,Ultrasonography ,Orthodontics ,Sex Characteristics ,business.industry ,Ossification ,Bone age ,Anatomy ,Forensic Medicine ,Radius ,Age estimation ,Female ,Ultrasound diagnostics ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Stage iv - Abstract
By determining the ossification stage of the distal radial epiphysis, it is possible to gain important information to help clarify the question of whether various legally relevant age limits have been exceeded. Any examination of the hand by means of projection radiography such as that used in conventional skeletal age diagnostics is strictly regulated for reasons of radiation hygiene. In many areas of the law, there are no basic legal provisions authorising the performance of X-ray examinations. The present study examines the applicability of ultrasound diagnostics in assessing ossification processes in the distal radius. To this end, the ossification stages of the distal radial epiphysis were determined in 306 female and 309 male study participants aged between 10 and 25 years. In the female gender, ossification stage III was determined at an age of 13.4 years at the earliest, and ossification stage IV at 15.0 years at the earliest. In the male gender, ossification stage III was not observed until 14.3 years, and ossification stage IV not until 15.2 years. In the practice of forensic age estimation in living persons, sonographic examination of the distal radius in areas of application with no legal basis for authorising X-ray examinations makes it possible to improve the accuracy of age diagnosis by including criteria of skeletal maturation. In view of the existing legislative basis for the use of X-rays on human subjects, the exposure of individuals to radiation can be minimised.
- Published
- 2013
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22. Mobile geriatrische Rehabilitation bei funktionell schwer beeinträchtigten Patienten
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R. Schulz, R. Püllen, and W. Knauf
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Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Health (social science) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Gerontology - Abstract
Die mobile geriatrische Rehabilitation ist eine ambulante rehabilitative Behandlung, bei der ein multidisziplinares geriatrisches Team Patienten in der hauslichen Umgebung aufsucht. Sie wird bislang nur selten in Deutschland durchgefuhrt. Daten zur Effektivitat dieser Behandlung bei funktionell und kognitiv erheblich eingeschrankten Patienten liegen nicht vor. Es wurden retrospektiv die Daten aller Patienten ausgewertet, die zwischen dem 01.09.2009 und dem 23.05.2011 im Rahmen einer mobilen geriatrischen Rehabilitation eines Krankenhauses behandelt wurden. Zu Beginn der Behandlung wurde ein umfassendes geriatrisches Assessment erhoben, bei Beendigung der Behandlung ein Assessment in den Bereichen Alltagsaktivitaten und Mobilitat. Bei 20 zufallig ausgewahlten Patienten wurde 6 Monate nach Beendigung der Therapie telefonisch die Alltagstauglichkeit ermittelt. Im vorgegebenen Zeitraum wurden 87 Patienten behandelt. Das mediane Alter betrug 83 Jahre. In Pflegeeinrichtungen lebten 56 % der Patienten. Lediglich 24 % der Patienten waren kognitiv unauffallig (MMSE > 23 Punkte). Bei den 77 Patienten, die die Therapie regular beendeten, konnte die Alltagsfahigkeit signifikant gebessert werden (Barthel-Index bei Aufnahme 36,2 Punkte, bei Entlassung 50,9 Punkte (p
- Published
- 2013
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23. Skeletal age determination of the hand: a comparison of methods
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Heidi Pfeiffer, S. Schmidt, R. Schulz, S. Ribbecke, Andreas Schmeling, and Inna Nitz
- Subjects
Male ,Observer Variation ,Orthodontics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Reproducibility of Results ,Bone age ,Chronological age ,Hand skeleton ,Forensic Medicine ,Hand ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Surgery ,Age estimation ,Age Determination by Skeleton ,Germany ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Medical diagnosis ,Child ,Psychology ,Observer variation ,Kappa ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Until final completion of maturation processes at the age of approximately 18 years, determination of the skeletal age of the hand plays a central role in forensic age diagnostics in living persons in criminal proceedings. In this process, assessment of hand radiographs relies primarily on the stage of development of the epiphyseal nuclei, the increase in size of the individual bones and of the hand skeleton as a whole, changes in the shape of the various skeletal elements and ossification of the epiphyseal plates. To achieve this, there are a variety of methodological approaches based on two different fundamental principles. The methods proposed by Greulich and Pyle, Thiemann et al. and Gilsanz and Ratib rank among the so-called atlas techniques, whilst the methods proposed by Tanner et al. and Roche et al. are classified as so-called bone-specific techniques. In order to be applicable in the field of criminal procedure, the methods of estimating the skeletal age of the hand developed with clinical aspects in mind must satisfy the demands of a high degree of estimate accuracy and good reproducibility of the estimated results. In the course of the present study, a study population of 92 persons was used to compare the above-mentioned atlas and bone-specific techniques for determining hand skeleton age in view of these qualitative criteria. Estimate accuracy was studied using Pearson's correlation coefficients, and weighted kappa coefficients were determined for studying the intra-and interobserver agreement of an estimate result. In the inter-method comparison, a basically good agreement was shown between the skeletal ages and the chronological age of the test persons on the one hand and the skeletal age diagnoses of one or of two examiners on the other. No general advantage of the methodological approach of the bone-specific technique was discernible in the course of comparison; in the female gender, particularly, the RUS2 and RUS3 score of the method of Tanner et al. proved unfavourable. For age estimation practice in criminal proceedings, the atlas methods of Greulich and Pyle and Thiemann et al. are particularly recommendable.
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- 2013
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24. Komplexe instabile Luxationsfrakturen des Ellenbogens – Klinische Ergebnisse nach Versorgung unter prothetischem Ersatz des Radiusköpfchens
- Author
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R. Schulz and L.P. Götz
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,business - Abstract
Hintergrund Komplexe instabile Luxationsfrakturen des Ellenbogens mit Destruktion des Radiuskopfchens sind eine therapeutische Herausforderung und erfordern zur Gelenkrekonstruktion die Implantation einer Radiuskopfchenprothese.
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- 2012
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25. Beurteilung der Weisheitszahneruption
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S. Ribbecke, R. Schulz, C. Peschke, A. Schmeling, and A. Olze
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine ,Art ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,media_common - Abstract
Ein Kriterium der zahnarztlichen Altersdiagnostik ist die Beurteilung des Eruptionsstadiums der dritten Molaren. Da die Aussagesicherheit einer Altersdiagnose in entscheidendem Mas von der verwendeten Stadieneinteilung abhangt, sollte fur die Altersschatzungspraxis die am besten geeignete verwendet werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war der Vergleich der Aussagesicherheit zweier von Olze et al. (Int J Legal Med 2007, 121:445–448; Arch Kriminol 2012, 229:145–153) beschriebenen Klassifikationen zur radiologischen Beurteilung der Weisheitszahneruption. Hierzu wurden 216 konventionelle Orthopantomogramme von deutschen Frauen und Mannern der Altersgruppe 15 bis 26 Jahre von 2 Beobachtern (ein Zahnarzt mit 20-jahriger Berufserfahrung, eine Zahnarztin mit 6-jahriger Berufserfahrung) ausgewertet. Fur die Bestimmung der Binnen- und Zwischenbeobachterubereinstimmung wurde der gewichtete κ-Koeffizient verwendet. Als Mas fur die Starke des Zusammenhangs zwischen dem Lebensalter und dem Eruptionsstadium wurde der η-Koeffizient berechnet. In der Zusammenschau der ermittelten κ- und η-Koeffizienten wurde geschlussfolgert, dass beide untersuchte Stadieneinteilungen zur Bestimmung des Entwicklungsstands der Weisheitszahneruption fur die Altersschatzungspraxis grundsatzlich empfohlen werden konnen, da sie uber ahnlich hohe Genauigkeiten und Richtigkeiten verfugen. Stadieneinteilung II erscheint insbesondere fur unerfahrene Beobachter und fur die Beurteilung von Rontgenaufnahmen, auf denen die Gingiva nicht eindeutig abgrenzbar ist, geeignet.
- Published
- 2012
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26. Altersabhängigkeit der Sekundärdentinanlagerung im Pulpencavum
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Julia Hertel, R. Schulz, A. Olze, and A. Schmeling
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Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Es wurde uberpruft, ob die im Pulpencavum von gesunden und vitalen Zahnen uber das gesamte Leben hinweg festzustellende zunehmende Anlagerung von Sekundardentin ein geeignetes Kriterium fur die forensisch-odontologische Altersschatzung Jugendlicher, Heranwachsender und junger Erwachsener darstellen kann. Hierfur wurden 1299 konventionell gefertigte Orthopantomogramme von 650 weiblichen und 649 mannlichen Deutschen der Altersgruppe 15 bis 40 Jahre untersucht. Das Ausmas der Sekundardentinanlagerung der Unterkieferpramolaren wurde anhand einer dreistufigen Stadieneinteilung bestimmt. Ein maximal bis zum Kronenaquator reichendes Pulpenhorn (Stadium 1) zeigte sich je nach Geschlecht und untersuchtem Zahn in einem Mindestalter von 15,12 bis 18,01 Jahren. Ein infolge einer fortgeschrittenen Sekundardentinanlagerung zwischen Kronenaquator und Schmelz-Zement-Grenze befindliches Pulpenhorn (Stadium 2) trat je nach Geschlecht und untersuchtem Zahn in einem Mindestalter von 19,61 bis 33,08 Jahren auf. Somit kann die Beurteilung der Sekundardentinanlagerung sowohl fur den Nachweis der Vollendung des 14. als auch des 18. Lebensjahrs hilfreich sein.
- Published
- 2012
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27. Zementapposition als Kriterium der zahnärztlichen Altersschätzung
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A. Olze, A. Schmeling, R. Schulz, and Julia Hertel
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Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Hauptkriterien der zahnarztlichen Altersschatzungen bei lebenden Jugendlichen sind die Mineralisation und die Eruption der dritten Molaren. Zur weiteren Diversifizierung des Merkmalsspektrums nach Abschluss der Weisheitszahnentwicklung wurde gepruft, ob uber die radiologische Beurteilung des Ausmases der Zementapposition der Nachweis der Vollendung des forensisch bedeutsamen 18. Lebensjahrs gelingt. Hierfur wurden 1299 konventionell gefertigte Orthopantomogramme von 650 weiblichen und 649 mannlichen Deutschen der Altersgruppe 15 bis 40 Jahre untersucht. Das Ausmas der Zementapposition der Unterkieferpramolaren wurde anhand einer 3-stufigen Stadieneinteilung bestimmt. Stadium 1 (beginnende apikale Zementapposition) wurde je nach untersuchtem Zahn von den Frauen in einem Mindestalter von 16,1 bis 16,6 Jahren und von den Mannern in einem Mindestalter von 15,5 bis 19,9 Jahren erreicht. Stadium 2 (deutlich sichtbare, uber den Apex hinausreichende Zementapposition) wurde je nach untersuchtem Zahn bei den weiblichen Probanden in einem Mindestalter von 20,2 bis 25,1 Jahren und bei den mannlichen Probanden in einem Mindestalter von 19,3 bis 26,9 Jahren erreicht. Somit ist bei Vorliegen des Stadiums 2 der Zementapposition der Nachweis der Vollendung 18. Lebensjahrs fur beide Geschlechter moglich.
- Published
- 2012
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28. Präkapilläre pulmonale Hypertonie
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R. Schulz
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cheyne stokes atmung ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,business - Abstract
Die prakapillare pulmonale Hypertonie (PH) ist durch hamodynamische Kenngrosen definiert (mittlerer Pulmonalarteriendruck ≥ 25 mmHg bei normalem pulmonalkapillaren Verschlussdruck). Die Zusammenhange zwischen PH und schlafbezogenen Atmungsstorungen sind komplexer als initial angenommen. Fruhere Studien haben gezeigt, dass die obstruktive Schlaf-Apnoe (OSA) eine chronische PH induzieren kann. In der Folge wurde dann erkannt, dass die OSA auch haufig mit einer akuten PH im Rahmen einer Lungenembolie assoziiert ist und dass die chronische PH eine zentrale Schlaf-Apnoe vom Typ der Cheyne-Stokes-Atmung verursachen kann.
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- 2014
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29. Beurteilung des Ossifikationsstadiums der medialen Klavikulaepiphysenfuge
- Author
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Andreas Schmeling, R. Schulz, Heidi Pfeiffer, Volker Vieth, and M. Kellinghaus
- Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine ,Computed tomography ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Die radiologische Untersuchung des Ossifikationsstatus der medialen Klavikulaepiphysenfuge ermoglicht im Rahmen der Alterschatzung bei Lebenden im Strafverfahren, eine Aussage zur Vollendung des 21. Lebensjahres zu treffen. In der vorgestellten Studie untersuchten die Autoren prospektiv 8 aus dem Sektionsgut stammende Praparate der Sternoklavikularregion von Individuen der Altersgruppe 15 bis 17 Jahre vergleichend mit der Projektionsradiographie, der Dunnschicht-Computertomographie (CT) und der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT). Bei 6 von 15 untersuchten Sternoklavikulargelenken stimmte das Ossifikationsstadium der medialen Klavikulaepiphysenfuge in allen 3 angewandten Bildgebungsmodalitaten uberein. In den ubrigen 9 Fallen wurde der Ossifikationsstatus in jeweils einem der 3 Bildgebungsverfahren ein Stadium hoher oder niedriger als in den anderen beiden Modalitaten eingestuft. Auf der Grundlage konventioneller Rontgenbilder wurde in 5 Fallen (gegenuber CT) bzw. in 7 Fallen (gegenuber MRT) ein hoheres Verknocherungsstadium als in den Schichtbildverfahren festgestellt. In 2 Fallen ergab das konventionelle Rontgen ein niedrigeres Stadium als die durch die CT und MRT bestimmten Stadien. In 2 Fallen zeigte das MRT ein niedrigeres als das mithilfe der CT ermittelte Ossifikationsstadium. In der Alterschatzungspraxis sind modalitatenspezifische Referenzstudien fur eine adaquate Bewertung des Ossifikationsstatus der medialen Klavikulaepiphyse zu verwenden.
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- 2010
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30. Increasing rates and clinical consequences of nalidixic acid-resistant isolates causing enteric fever in returned travellers: an 18-year experience
- Author
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Tony M. Korman, P. Vinton, Joseph Torresi, S. Hume, and Thomas R. Schulz
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Nalidixic acid ,Salmonella typhi ,Typhoid fever ,Microbiology ,Nalidixic Acid ,Young Adult ,Internal medicine ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Paratyphoid Fever ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Typhoid Fever ,Aged ,Antibacterial agent ,Travel ,business.industry ,Paratyphoid fever ,Australia ,Salmonella paratyphi A ,General Medicine ,Length of Stay ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Rats ,Hospitalization ,Ciprofloxacin ,Infectious Diseases ,Salmonella paratyphi B ,Female ,business ,Empiric therapy ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the rate and clinical consequences of nalidixic acid-resistant (NAR) isolates in travellers with enteric fever presenting to a hospital in a developed country. We retrospectively examined microbiologically confirmed cases of enteric fever in adult returned travellers over an 18-year period presenting to two tertiary referral hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. There were 59 cases of Salmonella typhi infection, 43 cases of S. paratyphi A infection and two cases of S. paratyphi B infection. Most patients reported recent travel to India (36%) or Indonesia (29%). NAR isolates were commonly encountered (41% of all isolates), particularly from India (75%), Pakistan (80%) and Bangladesh (60%). The number of NAR isolates increased progressively after 2003. Patients with NAR isolates had prolonged mean fever clearance time (5.6 vs. 3.3 days, P = 0.03) and prolonged hospital stay (7.9 vs. 5.7 days, P = 0.02) compared to non-resistant isolates. This represents the largest report of NAR enteric fever in returned travellers. NAR isolates predominate in cases of enteric fever from South Asia and result in prolonged fever clearance time and hospital stay. Empiric therapy with alternative antibiotics such as ceftriaxone or azithromycin should be considered in patients with suspected enteric fever from this region.
- Published
- 2009
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31. Breakdown of hydrous ringwoodite to pyroxene and spinelloid at high P and T and oxidizing conditions
- Author
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Monika Koch-Müller, Richard Wirth, Dieter Rhede, and R. Schulz
- Subjects
Rietveld refinement ,Chemistry ,Solid oxygen ,550 - Earth sciences ,Electron microprobe ,engineering.material ,Wadsleyite ,Ringwoodite ,Crystallography ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Mineral redox buffer ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Stoichiometry ,Powder diffraction - Abstract
To get deeper insight into the phase relations in the end-member system Fe2SiO4 and in the system (Fe, Mg)2SiO4 experiments were performed in a multi-anvil apparatus at 7 and 13 GPa and 1,000–1,200°C as a function of oxygen fugacity. The oxygen fugacity was varied using the solid oxygen buffer systems Fe/FeO, quartz–fayalite–magnetite, MtW and Ni/NiO. The run products were characterized by electron microprobe, Raman- and FTIR-spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. At fO2 corresponding to Ni/NiO Fe-ringwoodite transforms to ferrosilite and spinelloid according to the reaction: 9 Fe2SiO4 + O2 = 6 FeSiO3 + 5 Fe2.40Si0.60O4. Refinement of site occupancies in combination with stoichiometric Fe3+ calculations show that 32% of the total Fe is incorporated as Fe3+ according to $$ \left ( {{\text{Fe}}_{1.60}^{2 + } {\text{Fe}}_{0.40}^{3 + } } \right)^{\text{VI}} \left ( {{\text{Si}}_{0.60} {\text{Fe}}_{0.40}^{3 + } } \right)^{\text{IV}} {\text{O}}_{4} . $$ From the Rietveld refinement we identified spl as spinelloid III (isostructural with wadsleyite) and/or spinelloid V. As we used water in excess in the experiments the run products were also analyzed for structural water incorporation. Adding Mg to the system increases the stability field of ringwoodite to higher oxygen fugacity and the spinel structure seems to accept higher Fe3+ but also water concentrations that may be linked. At oxygen fugacity corresponding to MtW conditions similar phase relations in respect to the breakdown reaction in the Fe-end-member system were observed but with a strong fractionation of Fe into spl and Mg into coexisting cpx. Thus, through this strong fractionation it is possible to stabilize very Fe-rich wadsleyite with considerable Fe3+ concentrations even at an intermediate Fe–Mg bulk composition: assuming constant K D independent on composition and a bulk composition of x Fe = 0.44 this fractionation would stabilize spl with x Fe = 0.72. Thus, spl could be a potential Fe3+ bearing phase at P–T conditions of the transition zone but because of the oxidizing conditions and the Fe-rich bulk composition needed one would expect it more in subduction zone environments than in the transition zone in senso stricto.
- Published
- 2008
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32. Factors Associated with Misperception of Weight in the Stroke Belt
- Author
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Lealia B. Martin, Angela M. Galka, LaPronda I. Spann, Robert E. Aronson, Chere M. Chase, Daniel L. Bibeau, Mark R. Schulz, and Eileen C. Miller
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Gerontology ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Weight Perception ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,Age Distribution ,Risk Factors ,Confidence Intervals ,Odds Ratio ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Sex Distribution ,Stroke ,Stroke Belt ,Probability ,Social perception ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Body Weight ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Self Concept ,Survival Rate ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Body Composition ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Attitude to Health ,Populations at Risk ,Body mass index - Abstract
Understanding the reasons for overweight and obesity is critical to addressing the obesity epidemic. Often the decision to lose weight is based as much on one's self-perception of being overweight as on inherent health benefits.Examine the relationships between self-reported health and demographic factors and measured health risk status and the misperception of actual weight status.Cross-sectional study of factors associated with self-perceived overweight status in participants who self-selected to participate in stroke risk factor screenings. Participants were asked, "Are you overweight?" before their body mass index (BMI) was determined from measured weight and self-reported height. Demographics including, sex, race, education, and location; and health status variables including level of exercise and history of high blood pressure and cholesterol were collected.Mean BMI for the group was 30 kg/m(2). Most women (53.1%) perceived themselves to be overweight, whereas most men (59.6%) perceived themselves not to be overweight. Factors related to misperception of weight status varied by actual BMI category. Among individuals with normal BMI, sedentary individuals had 63% higher odds of misperceiving themselves as overweight. Sedentary individuals with obese BMI were at 55% reduced odds of misperceiving themselves as normal weight.Active obese and overweight individuals may be more likely to incorrectly perceive themselves as normal weight, and thus misperceive their risk for stroke. Thus, it is not enough to only counsel individuals to be active. Physicians and other health professionals need to counsel their clients to both be active and to attain and maintain a healthy weight.
- Published
- 2008
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33. Study of age dependence of epiphyseal ossification of the hand skeleton
- Author
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R. Schulz, U. Baumann, Walter Reisinger, Sven Schmidt, and Andreas Schmeling
- Subjects
Male ,Stage classification ,Adolescent ,Radiography ,Ulna ,Hand skeleton ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Finger Phalanges ,Osteogenesis ,Age Determination by Skeleton ,Humans ,Medicine ,Growth Plate ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Sex Characteristics ,business.industry ,Ossification ,Bone age ,Anatomy ,Metacarpal Bones ,Phalanx ,Radius ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Age estimation ,Forensic Anthropology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Radiological analysis of the hand skeleton is a key pillar of forensic age diagnostics in living subjects undergoing criminal proceedings. The present study investigated whether ossification stage classification of selected epiphyses of the hand could provide added value to hand radiograph analysis. Hand radiographs from 265 male and 164 female subjects aged 10-18years old who had been X-rayed due to traumatological indications were therefore assessed. Epiphyseal ossification of selected elements of the hand skeleton (ulna, radius and third metacarpal, basal phalanx, mesophalanx and telephalanx) was graded based on the criteria of the five-stage classification system of Schmeling et al. (Int J Legal Med, 118:5-8, 2004) for clavicular epiphyseal cartilage. Stage 5 (absence of the epiphyseal scar) does not occur in the radius of men before the age of 18. Stage 5 can therefore be regarded as a potential parameter for valid determination of a minimum age of 18 years for forensic age estimation in criminal proceedings.
- Published
- 2007
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34. Variables affecting the probability of complete fusion of the medial clavicular epiphysis
- Author
-
R. Schulz, Andreas Schmeling, G. J. R. Maat, and Lynn Meijerman
- Subjects
Adult ,Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Binomial regression ,Black People ,Medial epiphysis ,Computed tomography ,Logistic regression ,White People ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Sex Factors ,Asian People ,X ray computed ,Sex factors ,Age Determination by Skeleton ,Ethnicity ,medicine ,Humans ,Epiphyseal fusion ,Probability ,Orthodontics ,Bone specimen ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,Clavicle ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Epiphysis ,Age estimation ,Female ,Original Article ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Epiphyses - Abstract
In this study, we have combined data on clavicle fusion from different studies and applied a binomial logistic regression analysis. As such, we aimed to assess whether or not variables such as sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity influence the probability of having mature, i.e., completely fused clavicles at a given age. We further explored whether the method of clavicle examination, i.e., diagnosis from either a dry bone specimen, an examination of X-rays, or an examination of computed tomography scans, affects the probability of being diagnosed with mature clavicles. It appeared that only ethnicity did not significantly affect this probability. Finally, we illustrated how the logit model may be used to predict the probability of being diagnosed with mature clavicles.
- Published
- 2007
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35. Comparative study on the effect of ethnicity on wisdom tooth eruption
- Author
-
Bao-Li Zhu, Hitoshi Maeda, Andreas Schmeling, A. Olze, P. van Niekerk, Takaki Ishikawa, and R. Schulz
- Subjects
Adult ,Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Male ,Adolescent ,genetic structures ,Tooth eruption ,Ethnic group ,Dentistry ,Ethnic origin ,Tooth Eruption ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,South Africa ,Japan ,stomatognathic system ,German population ,Germany ,Radiography, Panoramic ,Ethnicity ,medicine ,Humans ,Wisdom tooth ,Child ,business.industry ,Japanese population ,humanities ,stomatognathic diseases ,Geography ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,African population ,Age estimation ,Female ,Molar, Third ,business ,Demography - Abstract
The current knowledge base for evaluating the influence of ethnic origin on wisdom tooth eruption is still inadequate. We therefore analyzed and compared the chronology of wisdom tooth eruption in three ethnic populations-German, Japanese, and black South African-based on evidence from 2,482 conventional orthopantomograms. The investigated German population ranked in the middle in terms of the age of wisdom tooth eruption. The black South African population was the fastest and the Japanese population the slowest in terms of reaching the respective eruption stages. Population-specific reference data should be used when evaluating wisdom tooth eruption for the purpose of forensic age estimation.
- Published
- 2007
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36. Duale Pathologie: Verlauf bei einem operativ behandelten Patienten
- Author
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M. Hoppe, H. Pannek, Alois Ebner, and R. Schulz
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Neurology (clinical) - Abstract
In dieser Kasuistik wird der Verlauf einer operativ behandelten fokalen Epilepsie eines Patienten beschrieben, der im ersten Lebensjahr eine rechtshemispharische perforierende Hirnverletzung erlitt. Bis zum Alter von 21 Jahren traten selten sensomotorische Anfalle der linken Korperseite auf. Im weiteren Verlauf losten durch epigastrische Auren eingeleitete psychomotorische Anfalle letztere ab. Die nichtinvasive praoperative Abklarung ergab die Diagnose einer mesialen Temporallappenepilepsie rechts bei Hippokampussklerose. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse der invasiven Untersuchung mit Subduralelektroden wurde eine nach posterior erweiterte Temprallappenresektion durchgefuhrt. Nach dreijahriger postoperativer Anfallsfreiheit traten erneut Anfalle mit jetzt tonisch-hypermotorischer Symptomatik auf. Diese Fallbeschreibung zeigt die Dynamik einer fokalen epileptischen Erkrankung und die Probleme der praoperativen Diagnostik bei Vorliegen einer dualen Pathologie auf.
- Published
- 2005
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37. Osteosynthese einer komplexen Knieverletzung
- Author
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L.-P. Götz and R. Schulz
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Minimal invasiv ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine - Abstract
Zur Stabilisierung eines arthroskopisch assistiert aufgerichteten Imprimats bei einer Fraktur der lateralen Femurkondyle kann eine aus der Kreuzbandchirurgie bekannte biodegradierbare Interferenzschraube verwendet werden. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein minimal-invasives und gut reproduzierbares Verfahren als Bespiel fur die innovative Bereicherung der traumatologischen Gelenkchirurgie durch arthroskopische Techniken.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Arthroskopisch kontrollierte Schraubenpositionierung bei Osteosynthese einer Acetabulumfraktur
- Author
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L.-P. Götz and R. Schulz
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Fluoroscope ,Perforation (oil well) ,Hand surgery ,equipment and supplies ,musculoskeletal system ,Surgery ,Bone screws ,Plastic surgery ,surgical procedures, operative ,Fracture fixation ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Hip arthroscopy ,Surgical treatment ,business - Abstract
In the surgical treatment of acetabular fractures via a ventral approach the hip joint is not visible. Hip arthroscopy can be an alternative tool instead of 3-D fluoroscope-based navigation to exclude intra-articular perforation of the screws.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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39. Radiologische Diagnostik des Mammakarzinoms
- Author
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R. Schulz-Wendtland and H.-P. Sinn
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Breast cancer ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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40. A Comprehensive Experimental Characterization of a Far-Infrared Ring Laser
- Author
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R. Schulz, S. Biber, M. Bayer, and Lorenz-Peter Schmidt
- Subjects
Radiation ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Far-infrared laser ,Ring laser ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Laser ,Beam parameter product ,Power (physics) ,law.invention ,Optics ,Far infrared ,law ,Laser beam quality ,Laser power scaling ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Instrumentation - Abstract
We examine the possibilities to use a C02-pumped FIR-ring laser system, which was optimized for operation at 2.5THz, for the generation of other FIR-lines using methanol as laser-active medium. Five laser lines between 1.7 and 4.8THz were detected and characterized with respect to the maximum achievable output power, beam quality and optimum methanol pressure. Mode patterns for most of the lines were recorded in order to allow easy adjustment of the system and line-identification.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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41. EEG-Anfallsmustern ähnelnde Artefakte im prächirurgischen Video-EEG-Monitoring
- Author
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R. Schulz and A. Ebner
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Video EEG monitoring ,Neurology (clinical) ,Electroencephalography ,business - Abstract
Einleitung Die Diagnose einer Epilepsie im EEG ist bedingt durch die Prasenz interiktaler und iktaler epilepsietypischer Aktivitat. Durch die lange Dauer eines prachirurgischen Video-EEG-Monitorings kommt es haufig zu Artefakten. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Darstellung von EEG-Kriterien solcher durch Alltagsbewegungen hervorgerufenen komplexen Artefakte, die EEG-Anfallsmustern ahneln konnen. Methodik Wir prasentieren drei Fallberichte von durch Alltagsbewegungen bedingten Artefakten im prachirurgischen Video-EEG-Monitoring. Ergebnisse Artefakte zeigten die folgenden Merkmale: Beginn und Ende abrupt, undulierende Amplitude, bizarre Morphologie, unlogisches elektrisches Feld oder Betroffensein nur einer Elektrode, kurze Dauer, Delta- oder Thetafrequenz und gleichzeitiges Auftreten verschiedener Frequenzen uber unterschiedlichen Hirnregionen. Diskussion Die charakteristische Gestalt der Potenziale im EEG weckt den Verdacht auf einen Artefakt. Die korrekte Diagnose eines Artefakts gelingt nur durch sorgfaltige, kontinuierliche Uberwachung von Patienten und EEG wahrend des Monitorings. Irrefuhrende diagnostische Uberlegungen fur ein epilepsiechirurgisches Vorgehen konnen so vermieden werden.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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42. [Untitled]
- Author
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G. Liang and R. Schulz
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metallurgy ,Alloy ,Titanium alloy ,engineering.material ,Nanocrystalline material ,Chemical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,X-ray crystallography ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Particle size ,Magnesium alloy ,Solubility ,Dissolution - Abstract
Mg-based Mg-Ti binary alloys have been synthesized by mechanical alloying of Mg and Ti powder blends. It was found that mechanical alloying of Mg and Ti results in a nanocrystalline Mg-Ti alloy and an extended solubility of Ti in Mg, due to the favorable size factor and the isomorphous structure of Mg and Ti. In the case of Mg-20at.%Ti, about 12.5% Ti is dissolved in the Mg lattice when the mechanical alloying process reaches a stable state. The rest (about 7.5 at.%) remains as fine particles in the size of 50–150 nm in diameter. Dissolution of 12.5 at.% Ti in the Mg lattice causes a contraction of the unit cell volume from 0.0464 to 0.0442 nm3 and a decrease of the c/a ratio from 1.624 to 1.612 of the hexagonal structure. The supersaturated solid solution Mg-Ti alloy decomposes upon thermal annealing at temperatures above 200°C. Hydrogenation enhances the decomposition process at lower temperatures.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Neuromuskuläre Reinnervation mimischer Muskulatur
- Author
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S. Keiner, R. Schulz, Friedrich Bootz, and G. Asmussen
- Subjects
Gynecology ,Transplantation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Otorhinolaryngology ,business.industry ,Head and neck surgery ,medicine ,business - Abstract
Zur Beurteilung der Reinnervations- und Degenerationsprozesse der mimischen Muskulatur wurde am Kaninchen die denervierte Portio auricularis des M. zygomaticus sowohl primar als auch sekundar mit einem neuromuskularen Transplantat aus dem M. sternohyoideus mit der innervierenden Ansa hypoglossi reinnerviert und 6 bzw. 12 Wochen danach histologisch untersucht. Anhand der ATPase-Reaktion wurde eine Differenzierung der Muskelfasertypen vorgenommen und histomorphologische Merkmale der Denervation und Reinnervation ausgewertet. 6 Wochen nach Denervation und primarer neuromuskularer Transplantation waren Fasertypgruppierungen als Reinnervationszeichen in Transplantatnahe nachweisbar. Nach einer Reinnervationsphase von 12 Wochen konnte das Fortschreiten eines Reinnervationsvorgangs anhand von Fasertypgruppierungen in transplantatfernen Muskelarealen nachgewiesen werden. Gleichzeitig stellte sich eine zunehmende Differenzierung der Fasertypen in den Gruppierungen dar. In allen denervierten und reinnervierten Gruppen waren pathologische Kalibervariationen der Muskelfaser nachweisbar. Primar reinnervierte Muskeln zeigten im Laufe einer Reinnervationsphase von 12 Wochen eine Normalisierungstendenz der Kalibervariationen. Sekundar, im Intervall von 6 Wochen nach Denervation transplantierte Muskeln, zeigten im Vergleich zu primar transplantierten Muskeln eine ausgepragtere Faserpolymorphie mit einer hochgradig pathologisch erhohten Kalibervariation. Der interfaszikulare Raum war deutlich verbreitert. Die Reinnervationstendenz mit Nachweis von Fasertypgruppierungen war vergleichbar zu primar transplantierten Muskeln und war ebenfalls bereits 6 Wochen nach Transplantation nachweisbar.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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44. Ionized Calcium and Bone Turnover in the Estrogen-Deficient Rat
- Author
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Howard A. Morris and S. R. Schulz
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Deoxypyridinoline ,medicine.drug_class ,Ovariectomy ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Osteocalcin ,Parathyroid hormone ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,Bone resorption ,Bone remodeling ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Amino Acids ,Bone Resorption ,Ions ,Calcium metabolism ,Estradiol ,Chemistry ,Oophorectomy ,Estrogens ,Alkaline Phosphatase ,Rats ,Hydroxyproline ,Parathyroid Hormone ,Estrogen ,Creatinine ,Female - Abstract
The long-term effects of high bone resorption on blood ionized calcium and calciotropic hormone levels following oophorectomy in 6-month-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were investigated. Fasting urine and blood samples were collected from 16 sham and 16 oophorectomized (oophx) rats preoperatively and up to 130 days postoperatively. From 50 days postoperation, daily injections of 17-β estradiol (E2) (20 μg/kg body weight) were administered subcutaneously to eight of the oophx rats. Urine hydroxyproline excretion (OHPrE) and serum osteocalcin were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) as a result of oophorectomy and normalized within 6 days of E2 replacement. Urine deoxypyridinoline and total serum alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) following oophorectomy and suppressed to control levels after 37 days of E2 replacement. Blood ionized calcium was significantly reduced in oophx rats (P < 0.001) compared with sham rats and was normalized by E2 replacement at 55 days posttreatment. Serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OHD)2D3) was significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in oophx rats and again was normalized by E2 at 55 days posttreatment. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was unaffected by oophorectomy. These data indicate that despite increased bone resorption following oophorectomy, blood ionized calcium levels are decreased. The increased bone turnover in oophx rats was rapidly suppressed by E2 replacement before ionized calcium levels were normalized, suggesting a direct effect of estrogen on the modulation of bone cell activity. The depression of blood ionized calcium levels following oophorectomy, which is not mediated by calciotropic hormones, suggests an effect of estrogen on intestinal calcium absorption, renal handling of calcium, or a combination of both.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Classic nail versus DHS. A prospective randomised study on operative fixation of trochanteric femur fractures
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Gerhard Schmidmaier, R. Hoffmann, Norbert P. Südkamp, Michael Schütz, and R. Schulz
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dynamic hip screw ,Osteosynthesis ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Hand surgery ,musculoskeletal system ,Surgery ,law.invention ,Intramedullary rod ,law ,Orthopedic surgery ,Fracture fixation ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Femur ,Prospective cohort study ,business - Abstract
The intramedullary hip screw system Classic-Nail and the Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) were evaluated in a prospective-randomized clinical trial for operative treatment of trochanteric femur fractures. Hundred and ten geriatric patients (mean age 82 years) were runningly included in the study (56 Classic Nail, 54 DHS). No significant differences between the two study groups were observed with regard to treatment and follow-up data. With the Classic-Nail one complete femur shaft fracture and one incomplete fracture occurred at the tip of the nail intraoperatively and could successfully be fixed with cerclage wires. In the DHS group two patients underwent reoperation for significant loss of reduction early postoperatively. At an average follow-up of 3.7 months all fractures were healed with no difference in functional outcome between the two groups.--Classic Nail and DHS both lead to equally good results in the operative treatment of trochanteric femur fractures.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Short-Term Hibernating Myocardium: Durchblutung, Funktion und Stoffwechsel bei anhaltender regionaler Myokardischämie
- Author
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G Heusch and R Schulz
- Subjects
Hibernating myocardium ,Hibernation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Catabolism ,Creatine ,Adenosine ,Potassium channel ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adenosine deaminase ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Ischemic preconditioning ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
During moderate prolonged myocardial ischemia, the myocardium is dysfuctional but can remain viable. In such ischemic and dysfunctional myocardium, contractile function is reduced in proportion to the reduction in regional myocardial blood flow, i.e., a state of "perfusion-contraction matching" exists. The metabolic status of such myocardium improves over the first few hours, as myocardial lactate production is attenuated and creatine phosphate, after an initial reduction, returns to control values. Ischemic myocardium, characterized by perfusion-contraction matching, metabolic recovery and lack of necrosis, has been termed "short-term hibernating myocardium". "Short-term hibernating" myocardium can respond to an inotropic stimulation with increased contractile function, however, at the expense of a renewed worsening of the metabolic status. A role for endogenous adenosine in the development of hibernation has been excluded, since neither contractile function, metabolic parameters, nor viability are altered by increased catabolism of endogenous adenosine by infusion of adenosine deaminase. Also activation of ATP-dependent potassium channels is not responsible for "short-term hibernation". "Short-term hibernating" myocardium has, however, reduced calcium responsiveness.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. [Untitled]
- Author
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R. Schulz, D. V. Nelson, and C. C. S. Donaldson
- Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chronic pain ,Motor control ,Electromyography ,Myofascial pain syndrome ,Neurophysiology ,medicine.disease ,Electrophysiology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Disinhibition ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Applied Psychology ,Muscle contraction - Abstract
Dysregulation in the gamma motoneuron circuitry is proposed as one mechanism to explain the development of trigger point activity in myofascial pain syndrome. Dysregulation in this context is defined operationally as significantly (and functionally) different levels of electrical activity detected in the same muscle on the left and right sides of the body that is persistently present with movement of that muscle. Neurophysiological concepts as they pertain to muscles and motor control principles are reviewed. Research is integrated that ties together material from diverse fields of psychology and medicine. Dysregulation in the gamma motoneuron circuitry may lead to disinhibition of muscle that causes it to remain hyperactive after contraction, generate excessive electrical activity during movement, and/or inappropriately coactivate with other muscles during movement. Any or all of these phenomena may occur with dysregulation. Such dysregulation may be corrected by learning. Immediate clinical implications are discussed, including the addition of specifically targeted neuromuscular retraining procedures via surface electromyography, as well as some conceptual and research issues that require further clarification.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Lesions of the Achilles tendon
- Author
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S. Sell, M. Balentsiefen, W. Küsswetter, R. Schulz, and H. Weber
- Subjects
Male ,musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Scars ,Achilles Tendon ,Necrosis ,Cadaver ,Tensile Strength ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Ultrasonography ,Achilles tendon ,business.industry ,Biomechanics ,Echogenicity ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Middle Aged ,musculoskeletal system ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Tendon ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Orthopedic surgery ,Female ,Surgery ,sense organs ,Calcaneus ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Thirty-four Achilles tendons were explanted post-mortem. The explantation took place less than 24 h after death. The tendons were examined by means of ultrasonography and after explantation assessed histologically and biomechanically. In the sonograms 19 changes in echogenicity were noted. Changes in form with an increase in the diameter of the tendon of up to 10 mm (compared with the contralateral side) were found in 6 tendons. The changes in echogenicity and form were found most frequently 2–4 cm from the insertion of the tendon at the oscalcis. At a speed of 5 mm/min, the average force needed until rupture occurred was calculated as 27.6 N/mm2. The tear was located on average 29.7 mm from the bony insertion of the tendon at the calcaneus. Histologically, necroses could by found most frequently in all regions of the tendon, followed by scars and fissures. When there were differences of more than 25% in tensile strength between the right and left sides, there was a histological change in the weaker tendon at the site of the tear. Sonographic changes in form pointed to histological lesions in this region. Changes in the echogenicity led to the detection of degenerative changes of the tendon, but they have to be analysed carefully, as they are prone to artefacts. There was not statistically relevant correlation either with regard to tensile strength or to the site of the rupture for sonographically proven changes in the area of the rupture. However, when there was a sonographically abnormal finding in the course of a tendon, the tendon tore at an earlier point than those exhibiting no abnormality. Sonography proved to be a useful method in the detection of degenerative lesions of tendons. A direct influence on the biomechanics of the tendon could not be found.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
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49. The measurement of velocity gradients in fluid flow by laser light scattering
- Author
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R. Schulz, W. Staude, and H. Kriegs
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Optics ,Materials science ,Mechanics of Materials ,business.industry ,Computational Mechanics ,Fluid dynamics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,business ,Laser light scattering - Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A probably familial saccular aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery in a neonate
- Author
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E. Vollmer, M Bergmann, K. Kuchelmeister, R. Schulz, and R. Schwuchow
- Subjects
Male ,Systemic disease ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cerebral arteries ,Autopsy ,Fibromuscular dysplasia ,Aneurysm, Ruptured ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,Aneurysm ,Recurrence ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Humans ,Cerebral Hemorrhage ,Vascular disease ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Brain ,Intracranial Aneurysm ,General Medicine ,Cerebral Arteries ,medicine.disease ,Anterior communicating artery ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Neurology (clinical) ,business - Abstract
A 32-day-old boy died of recurring cerebral hemorrhages starting on the 4th day of life. Autopsy disclosed a remittingly ruptured saccular aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. A 7-day-old brother of his had previously died of recurring subarachnoid hemorrhages as well. The young age of the patient, the site of the aneurysm, and its probably familial occurrence make this case a unique one. Nonaneurysmatic basal cerebral arteries showed remarkable histological changes partly resembling those seen in fibromuscular dysplasia, some of them probably representing preaneurysmatic alterations. A known underlying systemic disease could not be found, and immunohistochemical detection of type III collagen revealed no identifiable deficiency.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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