13 results on '"Reiko Kuroda"'
Search Results
2. Statistical modeling for temporal dominance of sensations data incorporating individual characteristics of panelists: an application to data of milk chocolate
- Author
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Fumiyasu Komaki, Reiko Kuroda, and Sumito Kurata
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Generalized linear model ,Milk Chocolate ,Dominance (ethology) ,Statistics ,Negative binomial distribution ,Statistical model ,Time series ,Oral cavity ,Sensory analysis ,Food Science ,Mathematics - Abstract
We discuss the modeling of temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) data, time series data appearing in sensory analysis, that describe temporal changes of the dominant taste in the oral cavity. Our aims were to obtain the transition process of attributes (tastes and mouthfeels) in the oral cavity, to express the tendency of dominance durations of attributes, and to specify factors (such as sex, age, food preference, dietary habits, and sensitivity to a particular taste) affecting dominance durations, simultaneously. To achieve these aims, we propose an analysis procedure applying models based on the semi-Markov chain and the negative binomial regression, one of the generalized linear models. By using our method, we can take differences among individual panelists and dominant attributes into account. We analyzed TDS data for milk chocolate with the proposed method and verified the performance of our model compared with conventional analysis methods. We found that our proposed model outperformed conventional ones; moreover, we identified factors that have effects on dominance durations. Results of an experiment support the importance of reflecting characteristics of panelists and attributes.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05260-9. more...
- Published
- 2021
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3. GSK3β controls the timing and pattern of the fifth spiral cleavage at the 2–4 cell stage in Lymnaea stagnalis
- Author
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Masanori Abe, Reiko Kuroda, and Hiromi Takahashi
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Embryo, Nonmammalian ,Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ,biology ,Cell division ,Wnt signaling pathway ,Embryo ,Lymnaea stagnalis ,Blastomere ,biology.organism_classification ,Cleavage (embryo) ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Lymnaea ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetics ,Animals ,Wnt Signaling Pathway ,Developmental biology ,Body Patterning ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Establishment of the body plan of multicellular organisms by the primary body axis determination and cell-fate specification is a key issue in biology. We have examined the mRNA localization of three Wnt pathway components gsk3β, β-catenin, and disheveled and investigated the effects of four selective inhibitors of these proteins on the early developmental stages of the spiral cleavage embryo of the fresh water snail Lymnaea (L.) stagnalis. mRNAs for gsk3β and β-catenin were distributed uniformly throughout the embryo during development whereas disheveled mRNA showed specific localization with intra- and inter-blastomere differences in concentration along the A-V axis during spiral cleavages. Remarkably, through inhibitor studies, we identified a short sensitive period from the 2- to 4-cell stage in which GSK3β inhibition by the highly specific 1-azakenpaullone (AZ) and by LiCl induced a subsequent dramatic developmental delay and alteration of the cleavage patterns of blastomeres at the fifth cleavage (16- to 24-cell stage) resulting in exogastrulation and other abnormalities in later stages. Inhibition of β-Catenin or Disheveled had no effect. Our inhibitor experiments establish a novel role for GSK3β in the developmental timing and orientated cell division of the snail embryo. Further work will be needed to identify the downstream targets of the kinase. more...
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- 2019
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4. The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis
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Masanori Abe and Reiko Kuroda
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ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,lcsh:Evolution ,Learning/memory ,Lymnaea stagnalis ,Review ,Snail ,Freshwater snail ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hermaphrodite ,biology.animal ,lcsh:QH359-425 ,Spiral cleavage ,Genetics ,Chiromorphogenesis ,Schistosomiasis ,Model organism ,CRISPR/Cas9 ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,ved/biology ,Neurodegenerative diseases ,biology.organism_classification ,Habitat ,Evolutionary biology ,Research questions ,Developmental biology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis has a long research history, but only relatively recently has it emerged as an attractive model organism to study molecular mechanisms in the areas of developmental biology and translational medicine such as learning/memory and neurodegenerative diseases. The species has the advantage of being a hermaphrodite and can both cross- and self-mate, which greatly facilitates genetic approaches. The establishment of body-handedness, or chiromorphogenesis, is a major topic of study, since chirality is evident in the shell coiling. Chirality is maternally inherited, and only recently a gene-editing approach identified the actin-related gene Lsdia1 as the key handedness determinant. This short article reviews the natural habitat, life cycle, major research questions and interests, and experimental approaches. more...
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- 2020
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5. Correction to: Statistical modeling for temporal dominance of sensations data incorporating individual characteristics of panelists: an application to data of milk chocolate
- Author
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Sumito Kurata, Reiko Kuroda, and Fumiyasu Komaki
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Food Science - Published
- 2021
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6. Effects of chocolate containing Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NTM048 on immune function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
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Masanori Utsuyama, Kenji Osawa, Hiroaki Higuchi, Keishirou Yoshida, Keiko Hisa, Reiko Kuroda, Katsuiku Hirokawa, and Yasunori Yonejima
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lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,0301 basic medicine ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Proliferation index ,T cell ,Immunology ,Population ,Placebo-controlled study ,lcsh:Geriatrics ,Placebo ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immunological parameters ,Internal medicine ,Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NTM048 ,medicine ,Ingestion ,Chocolate ,education ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,business.industry ,Research ,biology.organism_classification ,Scoring of immunological vigor ,lcsh:RC952-954.6 ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Randomized controlled trial ,Leuconostoc mesenteroides ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,business ,CD8 - Abstract
Background Previous reports showed that oral administration of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NTM048 increases IgA levels and CD4+ T cell population in feces and mice, respectively, as revealed by flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chocolate supplemented with L. mesenteroides strain NTM048 (> 1.00 × 109 CFU/day, NTM048) on the immune parameters of healthy subjects, using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study design. Methods Participants (mean age: 46.3 years) ingested 28 g of test food daily, at a time of their own choice, for 4 weeks. The immunological parameters of all participants were evaluated two times (pre- and post- ingestion). At the end of the study, various immunological parameters of the participants were measured and scoring of immunological vigor (SIV) was performed using a comprehensive algorithm. Results Ingestion of NTM048-supplemented chocolate significantly improved SIV in the NTM048 group (18.6 ± 1.6) compared to that in the placebo group (17.8 ± 2.0) after 4 weeks (p = 0.049). Several immunological parameters (CD8+T cells, CD8+CD28+ T cells, and memory T cells) were significantly elevated in the NTM048 group as compared to the placebo group (all p more...
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- 2018
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7. Expression of exogenous fluorescent proteins in early freshwater pond snail embryos
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Reiko Kuroda, Masanori Abe, and Miho Shimizu
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Microinjections ,biology ,Snails ,Gene Expression ,Lymnaea stagnalis ,Embryo ,Snail ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Freshwater snail ,Green fluorescent protein ,Cell biology ,Luminescent Proteins ,Sinistral and dextral ,biology.animal ,Genetics ,Animals ,Cell Lineage ,RNA, Messenger ,mCherry ,Developmental biology ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
We have for the first time succeeded in expressing in vitro-synthesized mRNAs in both the sinistral and the dextral Lymnaea stagnalis early embryos by microinjecting the mRNAs into the eggs before the first polar body stage. Translation of exogenous mRNA in developing embryos was confirmed by expressing various fluorescent proteins; mCherry, DsRed-Express, and enhanced green fluorescent protein. We have found that the protein expression derived from the introduced exogenous mRNA largely depends on the elapsed time after the microinjection and not on the developmental stage of injection, and also on the amount of injected mRNA. Developmental abnormalities were hardly observed. The first notable fluorescent signal was detected within 2-3 h after the injection while the embryos were still in uncleaved stage. Fluorescence gradually increased until 8-9 h and was stable up to 24 h. From these results, it is suggested that there is enough translation machinery necessary for early development and the translation of injected mRNA proceeds immediately and constantly in the early embryos. This is true for both the sinistral and dextral L. stagnalis embryos. Application of the developed method to other freshwater pond snails, dextral Lymnaea peregra, sinistral Physa acuta, and sinistral Indoplanorbis exustus revealed that their early expression mechanisms to be similar to that of L. stagnalis. Thus, in vitro-synthesized mRNA expression is expected to be important for the understanding of evolutional process and the molecular mechanism underlining the handedness determination in these freshwater snail embryos. more...
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- 2009
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8. Construction of a backcross progeny collection of dextral and sinistral individuals of a freshwater gastropod, Lymnaea stagnalis
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Yoshito Harada, Yuji Hosoiri, and Reiko Kuroda
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Male ,Genetics ,Fresh Water ,Locus (genetics) ,Lymnaea stagnalis ,Breeding ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Sinistral and dextral ,Inbred strain ,Genetic marker ,Backcrossing ,Genotype ,Animals ,Female ,Gene ,Crosses, Genetic ,Body Patterning ,Lymnaea ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The handedness of gastropods is genetically determined, but the molecular nature of the gene responsible remains unknown. In order to identify the gene by a forward genetic approach, we carried out backcross breeding between dextral and sinistral inbred strains of a freshwater gastropod, Lymnaea stagnalis, cultivated in the laboratory. We used the dextral animals as donor "fathers" and the sinistral animals as recurrent "mothers". Each of the backcross progeny obtained was typed for the chirality of the next generation offspring oviposited by it, because the genotype for the handedness locus emerges as filial chirality. We constructed a collection of DNA and RNA specimens that included about 200 of the backcross F(2) progeny. Success in breeding was confirmed by the expected inheritance behavior of strain-specific DNA markers in the progeny. more...
- Published
- 2003
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9. Visual evoked potentials to a faint light: Signal propagation analyzed with peak latency and topographic mapping
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Takabun Nakamura, Kenichi Uemura, Fumiko Miyanaga, Ichiro Shimoyama, Reiko Kuroda, and Yukitomo Morita
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Adult ,Male ,Visual evoked potentials ,Light signal ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Optics ,Healthy volunteers ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Physics ,Brain Mapping ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,Brain ,Electroencephalography ,Grand average ,Middle Aged ,Neurology ,Negative peak ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,business ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
Accurate localization for the process of recognition of a light stimulus is yet to be determined. We studied 19-channel VEP from nine healthy volunteers, evoked by physiologically faint light less than 200 Cd/m2, using a light emitting diode (5 mm phi, 0.3 degrees, energized for 5 msec). VEP was bandpass filtered from 0.16 to 120 Hz, and analyzed from 20 msec pre-stimulus to 184.2 msec post-stimulus. The grand average VEP suggested an initial positive peak at 115.8 msec at the frontal poles and at 136 msec over the occipital areas. An initial negative peak was noted at 156 msec at the frontal poles and at 179.2 msec over the occipital areas. This might suggest that the potentials evoked had propagated from the frontal poles to the occipital areas, taking about 20 msec. However, the topographic maps contained little evidence for such a propagation, but rather indicated the waxing and waning of positive or negative extremes. more...
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- 1996
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10. Potassium 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate, C6H2(CO2K)4�4H2O; its formation, crystal structure, and hydrogen bonding
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Robert J. Parker, Reiko Kuroda, and John Emsley
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Aqueous solution ,Hydrogen bond ,General Chemistry ,Crystal structure ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Ring (chemistry) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,chemistry ,Structural Biology ,X-ray crystallography ,Molecule ,Carboxylate ,Benzene ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
From an aqueous mixture of 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, C6H2(CO2H)4, and KF we grew crystals first of KHF2 then of the title compound. An X-ray crystallographic determination of this compound shows a network of C6H2(CO 2 − )4 units linked through hydrogen bonds to water molecules. This is the first reported structure of a benzenecarboxylate anion. Two carboxylate groups are coplanar with the benzene ring, whereas the other two are perpendicular to it. more...
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- 1986
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11. Crystal and molecular structure of dichloro(R(+)-N,N,N?,N?-tetramethyl-1,2-propylenediamine)cobalt(II)
- Author
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Reiko Kuroda and Stephen F. Mason
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chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Crystal ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,chemistry ,Structural Biology ,Diamine ,Molecule ,Orthorhombic crystal system ,Cobalt ,Spectroscopy ,Organometallic chemistry ,Coordination geometry ,Diffractometer - Abstract
The structure of the title complex [Co(R-Me4pn)Cl2] has been determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis and refined by least-squares methods based on diffractometer data (1224 counter intensities,R = 0.044). The blue crystals are orthorhombic, space groupP212121, withZ = 4,a = 8.254(3),b = 10.926(4) andc = 13.584(5) A. The cobalt(II) ion has a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry with N-Co-N 87.8 ° and Cl-Co-Cl 118.5 °. The observed distortions are compared with those reported for analogous quasitetrahedral [M(II)(diamine)(dihalide)] complexes. more...
- Published
- 1980
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12. Orientation of guest benzene molecules in Hofmann-type and related clathrates by molecular mechanics calculation
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Takafumi Kitazawa, Shin-Ichi Nishikiori, Toschitake Iwamoto, and Reiko Kuroda
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Chemistry ,Crystal chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Crystal structure ,Type (model theory) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Molecular mechanics ,Metal ,symbols.namesake ,Crystallography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Computational chemistry ,visual_art ,symbols ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Molecule ,van der Waals force ,Benzene ,Food Science - Abstract
Molecular mechanics calculations were carried out to interpret the observed orientational angle of the benzene molecule enclathrated in the Hofmann-type M(NH3)2Ni(CN)4·2 C6H6 (M = Mn, Ni, Cu, and Cd), Hofmann-en-type Cd(en)Ni(CN)4·2 C6H6 (en = NH2CH2CH2NH2), and Hofmannmea-type(2) Cd(mea)Ni(CN)4·2 C6H6 (mea = NH2CH2CH2OH) clathrates using the van der Waals potential functions in Molecular Mechanics Version 2. The angle is most influenced by the guest-to-guest contact in the interlayer space between the two-dimensionalcatena-[metal(II) tetra-μ-cyanonickelate(II)] networks for the Hofmann-type series. The discrepancy between the calculated and the observed angles in each crystal structure was at largest 3.5°; the structures of Cd(NH3)2Ni(CN)4·2 C6H6 and Cd(en)Ni(CN)4·2 C6H6 have been revised using new data collected by counter-methods. more...
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- 1989
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13. Hydrogen bonding of urea-salicylic acid, U·SA
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John Emsley, Naser M. Reza, and Reiko Kuroda
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Aqueous solution ,Stereochemistry ,Hydrogen bond ,Carboxylic acid ,General Chemistry ,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Adduct ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,chemistry ,Chemical bond ,Structural Biology ,Polymer chemistry ,Urea ,Molecule ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Urea (U) and salicylic acid (SA) crystallize from aqueous solution as a 1∶1 adduct whose structure shows them to be linked via several weak and one strong hydrogen bonds. The ir spectra of the adduct and its deuterated counterpart have been analyzed and the stretching modes of the various hydrogen bonds identified. The1H and13C nmr. spectra are also interpreted to show that discrete adducts of U·SA persist in solution. On heating, U·SA decarboxylates at a much lower temperature than SA itself. more...
- Published
- 1986
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