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3 results on '"Rosemary Audu"'

1. The development of a machine learning algorithm for early detection of viral hepatitis B infection in Nigerian patients

Author

Busayo I. Ajuwon, Alice Richardson, Katrina Roper, Meru Sheel, Rosemary Audu, Babatunde L. Salako, Matthew O. Bojuwoye, Ibraheem A. Katibi, and Brett A. Lidbury

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Access to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) testing for people in low-resource settings has long been challenging due to the gold standard, enzyme immunoassay, being prohibitively expensive, and requiring specialised skills and facilities that are not readily available, particularly in remote and isolated laboratories. Routine pathology data in tandem with cutting-edge machine learning shows promising diagnostic potential. In this study, recursive partitioning (“trees”) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) were applied to interrogate patient dataset (n = 916) that comprised results for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and routine clinical chemistry and haematology blood tests. These algorithms were used to develop a predictive diagnostic model of HBV infection. Our SVM-based diagnostic model of infection (accuracy = 85.4%, sensitivity = 91%, specificity = 72.6%, precision = 88.2%, F1-score = 0.89, Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve, AUC = 0.90) proved to be highly accurate for discriminating HBsAg positive from negative patients, and thus rivals with immunoassay. Therefore, we propose a predictive model based on routine blood tests as a novel diagnostic for early detection of HBV infection. Early prediction of HBV infection via routine pathology markers and pattern recognition algorithms will offer decision-support to clinicians and enhance early diagnosis, which is critical for optimal clinical management and improved patient outcomes.

Published
2023
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2. Emergence and spread of two SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest in Nigeria

Author

Idowu B. Olawoye, Paul E. Oluniyi, Judith U. Oguzie, Jessica N. Uwanibe, Tolulope A. Kayode, Testimony J. Olumade, Fehintola V. Ajogbasile, Edyth Parker, Philomena E. Eromon, Priscilla Abechi, Tope A. Sobajo, Chinedu A. Ugwu, Uwem E. George, Femi Ayoade, Kazeem Akano, Nicholas E. Oyejide, Iguosadolo Nosamiefan, Iyanuoluwa Fred-Akintunwa, Kemi Adedotun-Sulaiman, Farida B. Brimmo, Babatunde B. Adegboyega, Courage Philip, Richard A. Adeleke, Grace C. Chukwu, Muhammad I. Ahmed, Oludayo O. Ope-Ewe, Shobi G. Otitoola, Olusola A. Ogunsanya, Mudasiru F. Saibu, Ayotunde E. Sijuwola, Grace O. Ezekiel, Oluwagboadurami G. John, Julie O. Akin-John, Oluwasemilogo O. Akinlo, Olanrewaju O. Fayemi, Testimony O. Ipaye, Deborah C. Nwodo, Abolade E. Omoniyi, Iyobosa B. Omwanghe, Christabel A. Terkuma, Johnson Okolie, Olubukola Ayo-Ale, Odia Ikponmwosa, Ebo Benevolence, Grace O. Naregose, Akhilomen E. Patience, Osiemi Blessing, Airende Micheal, Agbukor Jacqueline, John O. Aiyepada, Paulson Ebhodaghe, Omiunu Racheal, Esumeh Rita, Giwa E. Rosemary, Ehikhametalor Solomon, Ekanem Anieno, Yerumoh Edna, Aire O. Chris, Adomeh I. Donatus, Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon, Mirabeau Y. Tatfeng, Hannah E. Omunakwe, Mienye Bob-Manuel, Rahaman A. Ahmed, Chika K. Onwuamah, Joseph O. Shaibu, Azuka Okwuraiwe, Anthony E. Ataga, Andrew Bock-Oruma, Funmi Daramola, Ibrahim F. Yusuf, Akinwumi Fajola, Nsikak-Abasi Ntia, Julie J. Ekpo, Anietie E. Moses, Beatrice W. Moore-Igwe, Oluwatosin E. Fakayode, Monilade Akinola, Ibrahim M. Kida, Bamidele S. Oderinde, Zara W. Wudiri, Oluwapelumi O. Adeyemi, Olusola A. Akanbi, Anthony Ahumibe, Afolabi Akinpelu, Oyeronke Ayansola, Olajumoke Babatunde, Adesuyi A. Omoare, Chimaobi Chukwu, Nwando G. Mba, Ewean C. Omoruyi, Olasunkanmi Olisa, Olatunji K. Akande, Ifeanyi E. Nwafor, Matthew A. Ekeh, Erim Ndoma, Richard L. Ewah, Rosemary O. Duruihuoma, Augustine Abu, Elizabeth Odeh, Venatius Onyia, Chiedozie K. Ojide, Sylvanus Okoro, Daniel Igwe, Emeka O. Ogah, Kamran Khan, Nnennaya A. Ajayi, Collins N. Ugwu, Kingsley N. Ukwaja, Ngozi I. Ugwu, Chukwuyem Abejegah, Nelson Adedosu, Olufemi Ayodeji, Ahmed A. Liasu, Rafiu O. Isamotu, Galadima Gadzama, Brittany A. Petros, Katherine J. Siddle, Stephen F. Schaffner, George Akpede, Cyril Oshomah Erameh, Marycelin M. Baba, Femi Oladiji, Rosemary Audu, Nnaemeka Ndodo, Adeola Fowotade, Sylvanus Okogbenin, Peter O. Okokhere, Danny J. Park, Bronwyn L. Mcannis, Ifedayo M. Adetifa, Chikwe Ihekweazu, Babatunde L. Salako, Oyewale Tomori, Anise N. Happi, Onikepe A. Folarin, Kristian G. Andersen, Pardis C. Sabeti, and Christian T. Happi

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

Identifying the dissemination patterns and impacts of a virus of economic or health importance during a pandemic is crucial, as it informs the public on policies for containment in order to reduce the spread of the virus. In this study, we integrated genomic and travel data to investigate the emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.318 and B.1.525 (Eta) variants of interest in Nigeria and the wider Africa region. By integrating travel data and phylogeographic reconstructions, we find that these two variants that arose during the second wave in Nigeria emerged from within Africa, with the B.1.525 from Nigeria, and then spread to other parts of the world. Data from this study show how regional connectivity of Nigeria drove the spread of these variants of interest to surrounding countries and those connected by air-traffic. Our findings demonstrate the power of genomic analysis when combined with mobility and epidemiological data to identify the drivers of transmission, as bidirectional transmission within and between African nations are grossly underestimated as seen in our import risk index estimates.

Published
2023
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3. SARS-COV-2 antibody responses to AZD1222 vaccination in West Africa

Author

Adam Abdullahi, David Oladele, Michael Owusu, Steven A. Kemp, James Ayorinde, Abideen Salako, Douglas Fink, Fehintola Ige, Isabella A. T. M. Ferreira, Bo Meng, Augustina Angelina Sylverken, Chika Onwuamah, Kwame Ofori Boadu, Kazeem Osuolale, James Opoku Frimpong, Rufai Abubakar, Azuka Okuruawe, Haruna Wisso Abdullahi, Gideon Liboro, Lawrence Duah Agyemang, Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng, Oluwatosin Odubela, Gregory Ohihoin, Oliver Ezechi, Japhet Senyo Kamasah, Emmanuel Ameyaw, Joshua Arthur, Derrick Boakye Kyei, Dorcas Ohui Owusu, Olagoke Usman, Sunday Mogaji, Adedamola Dada, George Agyei, Soraya Ebrahimi, Lourdes Ceron Gutierrez, Sani H. Aliyu, Rainer Doffinger, Rosemary Audu, Richard Adegbola, Petra Mlcochova, Richard Odame Phillips, Babatunde Lawal Solako, Ravindra K. Gupta, Owusu, Michael [0000-0001-5066-150X], Kemp, Steven A [0000-0001-7077-6793], Sylverken, Augustina Angelina [0000-0002-7691-914X], Onwuamah, Chika [0000-0002-5111-1822], Frimpong, James Opoku [0000-0003-2775-9159], Okuruawe, Azuka [0000-0003-2878-0531], Ayisi-Boateng, Nana Kwame [0000-0002-0961-4434], Kamasah, Japhet Senyo [0000-0003-0369-555X], Arthur, Joshua [0000-0003-0315-784X], Kyei, Derrick Boakye [0000-0002-8941-0748], Owusu, Dorcas Ohui [0000-0003-4299-5870], Usman, Olagoke [0000-0001-8890-3009], Agyei, George [0000-0002-0884-9645], Aliyu, Sani H [0000-0002-5571-2940], Audu, Rosemary [0000-0002-0330-5219], Mlcochova, Petra [0000-0001-6908-9363], Gupta, Ravindra K [0000-0001-9751-1808], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, article, COVID-19, General Physics and Astronomy, Viral Vaccines, General Chemistry, 631/250/254, 13, Antibodies, Viral, 631/326/590, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Ghana, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 13/1, Seroepidemiologic Studies, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Immunoglobulin G, Antibody Formation, Humans, 631/326/596/4130
Abstract

Real-world data on vaccine-elicited neutralising antibody responses for two-dose AZD1222 in African populations are limited. We assessed baseline SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and levels of protective neutralizing antibodies prior to vaccination rollout using binding antibodies analysis coupled with pseudotyped virus neutralisation assays in two cohorts from West Africa: Nigerian healthcare workers (n = 140) and a Ghanaian community cohort (n = 527) pre and post vaccination. We found 44 and 28% of pre-vaccination participants showed IgG anti-N positivity, increasing to 59 and 39% respectively with anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG-specific antibodies. Previous IgG anti-N positivity significantly increased post two-dose neutralizing antibody titres in both populations. Serological evidence of breakthrough infection was observed in 8/49 (16%). Neutralising antibodies were observed to wane in both populations, especially in anti-N negative participants with an observed waning rate of 20% highlighting the need for a combination of additional markers to characterise previous infection. We conclude that AZD1222 is immunogenic in two independent West African cohorts with high background seroprevalence and incidence of breakthrough infection in 2021. Waning titres post second dose indicates the need for booster dosing after AZD1222 in the African setting despite hybrid immunity from previous infection.

Published
2022
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