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Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C60 interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C60 interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110 mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400 h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.

We present a tool framework to compile and program mixed-signal circuits and systems on Floating-Gate (FG) based mixed-signal System-on-Chips (SoC) consisting of a digital processor and Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) fabric. We have modified the configuration of Verilog-to-Routing (VTR) to cover analog circuits and developed a tool called vpr2swcs to create the list of FG switches, that is going from a high level block description of the system to the addresses and bias values on the SoC. This tool enables users to generate macro blocks and customize block location while designing mixed-signal systems on the FPAA and also enables using routing fabric, composed of FGs, for Vector Matrix Multiplication (VMM), a computing element for an analog neural network. The paper demonstrates system level examples using this tool flow, where the experimental results have been proved in other publications.

By analyzing the responses of 1075 fantasy sports players, the paper highlights the differences among players of the four leading North American team sports of football, baseball, basketball, and hockey. Motivations for participation vary in each of these sports. Whereas the study confirms that fantasy football is the most prominent among the four, it also highlights key characteristics that define fantasy baseball, basketball, and hockey players. In particular, the study demonstrates that for fantasy football players the main driving force in their participation centers on general sociability, a form of cultural capital and shared connection that is common among friends at the bar and the office. In contrast, for fantasy hockey players, participation in the game is more about reinforcement within their group, a solidification among a self-selected and devoted cluster of fantasy hockey players that revels in its confined, almost cult-like, associativity.

This paper describes the present use of carbon capture and storage in industries such as iron and steel and cement industry. It also describes how implications of carbon capture and sequestration can lead to reduction in global warming and can reduce the hazardous effects of carbon on environment. The major processes involved in carbon capture and sequestration are pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-fuel have also been discussed. Also, the paper highlights how different membranes can contribute towards carbon capture and sequestration. Polymer, carbon molecular sieve, and organic microporous membrane advantages and drawbacks have also been discussed. For gas separation, the major membranes discussed are polymer, carbon sieve, and microporous organic membrane along with their use in different industries. Major focus still relies on how advancement of membrane can be done to have an optimal strategy for carbon capture and sequestration.