1. Androgen Receptor Signaling in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Alters Hyperpolarized Pyruvate to Lactate Conversion and Lactate Levels In Vivo
- Author
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Pratip K. Bhattacharya, Steven W. Millward, Eleni Efstathiou, Sankar N. Maity, Mark Titus, Jaehyuk Lee, Prasanta Dutta, James McHenry, Sumankalai Ramachandran, Patricia Troncoso, Christopher J. Logothetis, Niki M. Zacharias, Sriram S. Shanmugavelandy, Daniel E. Frigo, David Piwnica-Worms, and Seth T. Gammon
- Subjects
Male ,Cancer Research ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Cell ,Mice, SCID ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Article ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,law.invention ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,Prostate ,law ,Pyruvic Acid ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,PTEN ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Lactic Acid ,biology ,Chemistry ,Image Enhancement ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Androgen receptor ,Disease Models, Animal ,Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Receptors, Androgen ,Disease Progression ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Heterografts ,Suppressor ,Ex vivo ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
PURPOSE: Androgen receptor (AR) signaling affects prostate cancer (PCa) growth, metabolism and progression. Often PCa progresses from androgen-sensitive to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) following androgen-deprivation therapy. Clinicopathologic and genomic characterizations of CRPC tumors lead to subdividing CRPC into two subtypes: 1) AR-dependent CRPC containing dysregulation of AR signaling alterations in AR such as amplification, point mutations and/or generation of splice variants in the AR gene, and 2) an aggressive variant PCa (AVPC) subtype that is phenotypically similar to small cell prostate cancer and is defined by chemotherapy sensitivity, gain of neuroendocrine or pro-neural marker expression, loss of AR expression, and combined alterations of PTEN, TP53, and RB1 tumor suppressors. Previously, we reported patient derived xenograft (PDX) animal models that contain characteristics of these CRPC subtypes. In this study, we have employed the PDX models to test metabolic alterations in the CRPC subtypes. PROCEDURES: Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis along with in vivo hyperpolarized 1-[(13)C]pyruvate spectroscopy experiments were performed on prostate PDX animal models. RESULTS: Using hyperpolarized 1-[(13)C]pyruvate conversion to 1-[(13)C]lactate in vivo as well as lactate measurements ex vivo, we have found increased lactate production in AR-dependent CRPC PDX models even under low-hormone levels (castrated mouse) compared to AR negative AVPC PDX models. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis underscores the potential of hyperpolarized metabolic imaging in determining the underlying biology and in vivo phenotyping of CRPC.
- Published
- 2018