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Dynamic metabolic changes occur in the liver during the transition between fasting and feeding. Here we show that transient ER stress responses in the liver following feeding terminated by Sdf2l1 are essential for normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. Sdf2l1 regulates ERAD through interaction with a trafficking protein, TMED10. Suppression of Sdf2l1 expression in the liver results in insulin resistance and increases triglyceride content with sustained ER stress. In obese and diabetic mice, Sdf2l1 is downregulated due to decreased levels of nuclear XBP-1s, whereas restoration of Sdf2l1 expression ameliorates glucose intolerance and fatty liver with decreased ER stress. In diabetic patients, insufficient induction of Sdf2l1 correlates with progression of insulin resistance and steatohepatitis. Therefore, failure to build an ER stress response in the liver may be a causal factor in obesity-related diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, for which Sdf2l1 could serve as a therapeutic target and sensitive biomarker., Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been proposed to play a role in metabolic diseases. Here, Sasako and colleagues identify stromal cell-derived factor 2 like 1 (Sdf2l1) as a regulator of the ER stress response to feeding in the liver, and suggest that its downregulation may promote diabetes and hepatic steatosis in humans.

application/pdf, Welding in the World. 2015, 59 (4), P.589-595

The Finite Element Method (FEM) is a powerful tool to predict welding residual stresses and distortions. However, it is impossible to analyse the hot cracking with a simple thermal-elastic-plastic FEM code, since the conventional FEM models only volumetric behaviour. Based on the interface element proposed for the cracking propagation problem, a three-dimensional FEM with a temperature dependent interface element has been developed. The proposed method is applied to the analysis of the pear-shaped bead cracking under narrow gap welding as one example of hot cracking in welding. Both the pear-shaped bead cracking and the surface cracking along the welding line can be simulated using the proposed method. Also, it is found that the heat input, the groove width, and the constraint under the solidification are the essential causes of the pear-shaped bead cracking.