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227 results on '"Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)"'

1. Biotic and abiotic drivers of aquatic plant communities in shallow pools and wallows on the sub-Antarctic Iles Kerguelen

Author: Douce, Pauline, Mermillod‐blondin, Florian, Simon, Laurent, Dolédec, Sylvain, Eymar‐dauphin, Pauline, Renault, David, Sulmon, Cécile, Vallier, Félix, Bittebiere, Anne-Kristel, Équipe 1 - Biodiversité et Adaptation dans les Hydrosystèmes (BAH), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Habitat, Plant community structure, Spatio-temporal variability, Seasonality, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Aquatic plants, Ponds, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: International audience; In the sub-Antarctic region, climate change is particularly rapid, while their freshwater ecosystems, such as ponds, host plant species with limited spatial distributions. These particular systems and their plant communities remain however poorly known and the context of their changing habitat calls for deeper insights into these systems. We performed an extensive survey of 45 ponds over three locations of the Iles Kerguelen during the winter and summer seasons of two years, which included the measurement of 12 abiotic parameters and the assessment of the plant community composition. Overall, our results showed that Iles Kerguelen ponds are shallow freshwater ecosystems harbouring species-poor plant communities with high even- ness, of which structure did not vary among the sampled locations. Three different habitats were identified among ponds in relation with nutrient supply by marine animals, which ultimately influenced plant community structure and cover. We highlight that these habitats are mostly determined by water depth, nutrients, and temperature (mean and variance). Present plant community composition was more strongly correlated with plant community composition in the previous year than with abiotic conditions. Overall, this study provides new knowledge on the aquatic plant communities and the functioning of Iles Kerguelen freshwater ecosystems, which can serve as a basis for future studies dealing with the impact of climate change in the sub-Antarctic region.
Published: 2023

2. Floral resource maps: a tool to explain flower-visiting insect abundance at multiple spatial scales

Author: Audrey Alignier, Nathan Lenestour, Emma Jeavons, Joan van Baaren, Stéphanie Aviron, Léa Uroy, Claire Ricono, Cécile Le Lann, Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biologie végétale Yves Rocher, Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and This work was supported by the Zone Atelier Armorique. Audrey Alignier has received research support for the FLORAG project (2020) and Nathan Lenestour’s internship, and Stéphanie Aviron has received research support for the DIVAG project (2019).
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, Pollinators, Geography, Planning and Development, Floral resource, Wild bees, Domestic bees, Functional landscape, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; Context : Flower-visiting insects depend on floral resource availability from both cultivated and semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes. Landscape studies exploring insect abundance mainly focus on land cover maps without considering plant species within. Highlighting the functional role of landscapes through the potential floral resources they provide is an overlooked innovative approach. Objectives : We aimed to identify traits of floral communities that are important, across several spatial scales, for explaining the abundance of flower-visiting insects. Mapping and quantifying potential floral resources according to their attractivity, accessibility and profitability in both crop and non-crop habitats was performed to gain insights into flower-vising insect requirements. Methods : We translated land-cover maps of 39 landscapes of 250 m, 500 m and 1000 m radius into potential floral resource maps, using pre-existing vegetation surveys and floral traits databases. In the centres of the landscapes, the abundance of flower-visiting insect groups (domestic and wild bees, bumblebees and hoverflies) were recorded in organic winter cereal fields. We then fitted Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) to investigate the effects of flower trait variables (pre-selected with conditional random forests) at both field and landscape scales on the abundance of each flower-visiting insect group. Results : Floral resource maps explained the abundances of flower-visiting insect groups. Small wild bees (< 1 cm) responded positively to the relative amount of attractive and accessible floral resources at 250 m. The abundance of domestic bees and bumblebees was positively correlated with the relative amount of high nectar producing plants at 1000 m. The abundance of hoverflies was positively influenced by the relative amount of actinomorphic flowers (i.e., those with radial symmetry), at 1000 m.Conclusion : Resource maps could explain flower-visiting insect abundances, identify which category of floral resources organisms require, and determine in which habitat types these resources prevail. These results open a new research area related to managing the environment by optimising floral resources for flower-visiting insect conservation and pollination maintenance.
Published: 2023

3. Continuum from microplastics to nanoplastics: effects of size and source on the estuarine bivalve Scrobicularia plana

Author: Isabelle Métais, Oihana Latchere, Coraline Roman, Hanane Perrein-Ettajani, Mohammed Mouloud, Didier Georges, Thybaud Audroin, Charlotte Catrouillet, Julien Gigault, null Agnès-Feurtet-Mazel, Magalie Baudrimont, Amélie Châtel, Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and TROPHIPLAST, funded by the French national agency ANSES (grant agreement 2018/1/017).
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, General Medicine, Pollution
Abstract: International audience; Plastic has been largely detected in estuarine environments and represents major concern towards aquatic living organisms. The present study evaluates the impact of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) under realistic exposure conditions. Scrobicularia plana individuals were exposed to low concentrations (0.008, 10, and 100 µg L−1) of environmental MPs and NPs as well as to standard PS NPs, as a comparison condition. The aim of this study was to understand the ecotoxicological effects of environmental plastic particles on S. plana gills and digestive glands but also to compare the effects of plastic polymers size in order to highlight if the size could induce different toxicity profiles within this model organism, at different levels of biological organization. Results showed a differential induction of detoxification enzymes (CAT, GST), immunity (AcP), DNA damage processes as well as a differential effect on behavior and condition index of animals depending upon the type of plastic, the size, the concentration tested, and the type of organ. This study underlines the necessity of testing (i) plastics collected from the environment as compared to standard ones and (ii) the effect of size using plastics coming from the same batch of macrosized plastics. This study concludes on the future need directions that plastic-based studies must take in order to be able to generate a large quantity of relevant data that could be used for future regulatory needs on the use of plastic.
Published: 2023

4. A new trophic index (TIM2S) to evaluate trophic alteration of small shallow lakes: a predictive reference-based approach

Author: Frederic Labat, Gabrielle Thiebaut, Aquabio, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ADEME [1682C0129]
Subjects: Eutrophication, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Aquatic Science, Aquatic macrophytes, Bioassessment
Abstract: International audience; Small shallow lakes (SSLs) have great conservation value and support numerous ecosystem services. However, these small ecosystems are faced with many threats, including eutrophication, which tends to shift biodiverse SSLs to a turbid state dominated by phytoplankton. The ecological quality of SSLs still remains poorly evaluated because of the lack of adapted tools. We propose a new trophic index-TIM2S-based on the tolerance range of 245 macrophyte species to total phosphorus. As a single trophic index can favour oligotrophic ecosystems and their associated species to the detriment of more eutrophic but rare species, we converted TIM2S into a predictive reference-based model. Then, we compared TIM2S with five existing trophic indices in their efficiency to discriminate trophic levels and disentangle eight anthropogenic or internal pressures. TIM2S was the only index strongly correlated with total phosphorus and able to discriminate trophic levels. Most existing trophic indices are expert-based, and reflect community alteration rather than eutrophication. These expert-based indices are also dependent on numerous environmental factors, highlighting the need for robust predictive models to evaluate ecological statuses accurately. TIM2S is Water Framework Directive-compatible and can be used widely in Europe to evaluate the trophic status and trophic alterations of SSLs.
Published: 2022

5. Reorganization of Asian climate in relation to Tibetan Plateau uplift

Author: Fuli Wu, Xiaomin Fang, Yibo Yang, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Junsheng Nie, Frédéric Fluteau, Tao Zhang, Wenxia Han, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Lanzhou University, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Linyi University, Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (2019QZKK0707), National Natural Science Foundation of China BSCTPES project (41988101-01), and Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20070201).
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Atmospheric Science, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Pollution, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; Reorganization of the Asian climate from one dominated by global planetary wind systems to a regional monsoon climate is closely related to the surface uplift of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, evaluating this climatic reorganization is limited by difficulty in constraining the complex, multistaged uplift of the TP and contradictory evidence regarding Asian Monsoon onset. In this Review, we summarize proxy and model evidence for Asian Monsoon initiation at different latitudes to identify the main controls on monsoon evolution. Stratigraphy and palaeoclimate proxy records indicate that the Asian climate was reorganized in a two-stage northward expansion process. At ~41 million years ago (Ma), the monsoon advanced northwards from the tropic to the southern subtropical regions (~26° N, approximately present-day Yunnan), probably driven by central TP uplift, global cooling and rapid regression of the proto-Paratethys Sea. At ~26 Ma, the monsoon expanded northwards into temperate regions (~30–36° N, equivalent to the present-day Asian Monsoon boundary), likely driven by TP growth and global warming. Additional proxy records are needed to fill regional gaps, establishing more solid boundary conditions and improving parameter constraints for climate models.
Published: 2022

6. Fate and transport of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin and impact on nitrate reduction activity in coastal sediments from the Seine Estuary, France

Author: Chen Chen, Anniet M. Laverman, Celine Roose-Amsaleg, Garance Regimbeau, Khalil Hanna, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and MITI-CNRS (Metallo-Mix)
Subjects: Mobility, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, transport, Antibiotic, Environmental Chemistry, Nitrate reduction activity, Sediment, General Medicine, Antimicrobial activity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Pollution
Abstract: International audience; Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines are frequently detected antibiotics in aquatic sediments. In this study, the transport of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TET) was investigated in sediments from the Seine Estuary (France), under nitrate reducing conditions. Dynamic flow experiments showed that although TET and CIP strongly interacted with the sediment components through adsorption and (bio)-chemical transformation, they kept their antimicrobial activities. Less nitrate reduction was observed during the first period of breakthrough, while TET and CIP were absent in the column effluent. Batch experiments with freeze-dried vs fresh sediments showed that adsorption and abiotic degradation are the major removal processes, while microbe-driven transformation is of less importance. Whereas TET is to a large extent chemically transformed and little adsorbed in the sediment, CIP was less transformed and more adsorbed, most likely due to the great reactivity of TET with redox-active mineral surfaces. Our findings show the strong capacity of natural sediment to retain and transform antibiotics, while still maintaining their antimicrobial activity or inhibitory effect of nitrate reducing activity.
Published: 2022

7. Two dimensional neighborhoods of elliptic curves: analytic classification in the torsion case

Author: Loray, Frank, Touzet, Frédéric, Voronin, Sergei, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Chelyabinsk State University, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and ANR-16-CE40-0008,Foliage,Feuilletages et géométrie algébrique(2016)
Subjects: 32G13 (Primary) 34M40, 39XX (Secondary), Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs, Mathematics - Complex Variables, General Mathematics, Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA), FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-CA]Mathematics [math]/Classical Analysis and ODEs [math.CA], Complex Variables (math.CV)
Abstract: We investigate the analytic classification of two dimensional neighborhoods of an elliptic curve with torsion normal bundle. We provide the complete analytic classification for those neighborhoods in the simplest formal class and we indicate how to generalize this construction to general torsion case., Comment: Working version 2 (new pictures, enhanced presentation of sectorial normalization, sketch of the proof of classification in the general torsion case)
Published: 2022

8. Existence of martingale solutions for stochastic flocking models with local alignment

Author: Arnaud Debussche, Angelo Rosello, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Multi-scale numerical geometric schemes (MINGUS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Statistics and Probability, Mean-field limits, Applied Mathematics, Modeling and Simulation, Probability (math.PR), FOS: Mathematics, Stochastic partial differential equations, Collective motion, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract: International audience; We establish the existence of martingale solutions to a class of stochastic conservation equations. The underlying models correspond to random perturbations of kinetic models for collective motion such as the Cucker-Smale and Motsch-Tadmor models. By regularizing the coefficients, we first construct approximate solutions obtained as the mean-field limit of the corresponding particle systems. We then establish the compactness in law of this family of solutions by relying on a stochastic averaging lemma. This extends the results obtained by Karper, Mellet and Trivisa in the deterministic case.
Published: 2022

9. Controls on fracture openness and reactivation in Forsmark, Sweden

Author: Doolaeghe, Diane, Darcel, Caroline, Selroos, Jan-Olof, Ivars, Diego Mas, Davy, Philippe, Itasca Consultants, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: In crystalline bedrock, the open fraction of the fracture network constitutes the main pathways for fluids. Many observations point out that the state of stress influences the open fraction, likely indicating recent reactivation. But how this occurs is still unresolved. We analyse the conditions for fracture reactivation from fracture data collected in the uppermost 1 km of bedrock in Forsmark, Sweden. The open fraction is mainly correlated to the stress acting normally on the fracture but even away from critical failure, leading us to analyse the potential fluid pressure required for reactivation, $${P}_{c}$$ P c . We observe that 100% of the fractures are open when $${P}_{c}$$ P c is hydrostatic, and the ratio decreases exponentially to a plateau of ~ 17% when $${P}_{c}$$ P c is lithostatic and above. Exceptions are the oldest fractures, having a low open fraction independent of $${P}_{c}$$ P c . We suggest that these results reflect past pressure build-ups, potentially related to recent glaciations, and developing only if the preexisting open fraction is large enough.
Published: 2023

10. After spring, after crops: which alternative hosts for the generalist parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)?

Author: Stéphane A. P. Derocles, Yoann Navasse, Pauline Gardin, Christelle Buchard, Anne Le Ralec, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the French ‘Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche’ and was founded by the French Research National Agency (PEERLESS project, ANR-12-AGRO-0006)., and ANR-12-AGRO-0006,PEERLESS,Viabilité d'une gestion écologique renforcée de la santé des plantes dans les paysages agricoles(2012)
Subjects: Uncultivated areas, Cover crops, Insect Science, Brassicaceae, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Molecular detection
Abstract: International audience; Generalist aphid parasitoids seem to behave as specialists at the local scale. The temporal pattern of host exploitation by parasitoids is key to understand this result. We investigated the temporal dynamics during twenty-one consecutive months of host exploitation by Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), one of the most generalist aphid parasitoid, in cultivated and uncultivated areas. We applied two complementary approaches: molecular detection of parasitism within living aphids and rearing of aphid mummies collected in Brassicaceae crops and adjacent areas. We built a Maximum Likelihood tree to determine the influence of host plant and aphid species on the genetic structure of D. rapae. We confirmed the existence of a cryptic species developing on Hayhurstia atriplicis (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), but we found no other host-related genetic variation. D. rapae exploited almost exclusively Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a pest of Brassiceae and rarely other hosts. When the crop is absent, D. rapae parasitized B. brassicae on wild Brassicaceae and cover crop instead of alternative aphid host on other plants. These results show the limited role of uncultivated habitats as a reservoir for D. rapae and the interest of wild Brassiceae and cover crops to enhance the control of B. brassicae.
Published: 2023

11. Poroelastic stress relaxation, slip stress transfer and friction weakening controlled post-injection seismicity at the Basel Enhanced Geothermal System

Author: Auregan Boyet, Silvia De Simone, Shemin Ge, Víctor Vilarrasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Colorado [Boulder], European Research Council (ERC) [801809], MCIN/AEI [CEX2018-000794-S], Spanish Government [CEX2021-001198], European Commission, and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Subjects: Post-injection seismicity, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geothermal System, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Induced seismicity is a limiting factor for the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). Its causal mechanisms are not fully understood, especially those of post-injection seismicity. To better understand the mechanisms that induced seismicity in the controversial case of the Basel EGS (Switzerland), we perform coupled hydro-mechanical simulation of the plastic response of a discrete pre-existing fault network built on the basis of the monitored seismicity. Simulation results show that the faults located in the vicinity of the injection well fail during injection mainly triggered by pore pressure buildup. Poroelastic stressing, which may be stabilizing or destabilizing depending on the fault orientation, reaches further than pressure diffusion, having a greater effect on distant faults. After injection stops, poroelastic stress relaxation leads to the immediate rupture of previously stabilized faults. Shear-slip stress transfer, which also contributes to post-injection reactivation of distant faults, is enhanced in faults with slip-induced friction weakening., A.B. and V.V. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Starting Grant GEoREST (www.georest.eu) under Grant agreement No. 801809. IDAEA-CSIC is a Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Grant CEX2018-000794-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033). This research has been carried out within the framework of the activities of the Spanish Government through the “Maria de Maeztu Centre of Excellence” accreditation to IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) (CEX2021-001198).
Published: 2023

12. Reconsidering Carboniferous–Permian continental paleoenvironments in eastern equatorial Pangea: facies and sequence stratigraphy investigations in the Autun Basin (France)

Author: Mathilde Mercuzot, Sylvie Bourquin, Pierre Pellenard, Laurent Beccaletto, Johann Schnyder, François Baudin, Céline Ducassou, Sylvain Garel, Georges Gand, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Utah, Région Bretagne, and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM)
Subjects: Late-Variscan basin, Gzhelian, Paleogeography, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Continental delta environments, Asselian, Paleoenvironment
Abstract: International audience; The late Carboniferous–early Permian represents a key period in the Phanerozoic history, given the major global geodynamic and climate modifications. The aim of this work is to better understand the context and characteristics of the sedimentation recorded in the continental environments of eastern equatorial Pangea at this time, through the example of the Autun Basin (northeastern Massif Central, France). The Autun Basin contains the historical stratotype of the Autunian continental stage, and its stratigraphy was recently improved by accurate numerical ages. This basin formed in an extensional tectonic context during the latest stages of the Variscan orogeny, and it is essential to study its paleoenvironmental evolution to provide new insights into the sedimentary evolution of contemporaneous surrounding basins. Using field and subsurface data, we propose a refined sedimentological model for the Autun Basin, relying on updated facies interpretations, organic matter content fluctuations, and sequence stratigraphy concepts and correlations. The continental environments of the lower sedimentary succession of the Autun Basin, previously considered to be fluvial and lacustrine, are herein re-interpreted as mainly lacustrine, comprising fine-grained organic matter-rich deposits, and supplied by coarser-grained deltaic siliciclastic sediments, without preservation of strict fluvial sedimentation. The determination of the sequence stratigraphy cycles, strengthened by the quantification of the organic matter content, and reflected by the temporal succession of progradational and retrogradational trends, is used to determine new correlations between several sections, as well as to reconstruct the paleoenvironment evolution at the Carboniferous–Permian transition. This study provides evidence that the sedimentation area of the Autun Basin at the time of its filling was much larger than the preserved basin area, and suggests connections with contemporaneous neighboring French basins, pointing to a large sedimentary system in the northeastern Massif Central area rather than narrow and isolated basins.
Published: 2022

13. A new method for monitoring macrophyte communities in small shallow lakes and ponds

Author: Frédéric Labat, Gabrielle Thiébaut, Christophe Piscart, Aquabio, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 1682C0129, ADEME, AQUABIO, and FDAAPPMA33
Subjects: floristic relevés, Ecology, depressional wetlands, conservation value, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, standing waterbodies, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, floristic richness, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; Macrophytes are key to the functioning of small shallow lakes (SSLs) because they maintain a clear water state through numerous positive feedbacks. The composition of macrophyte communities changes under anthropogenic pressures; as a result, tools designed to easily and rapidly assess their structure and composition are increasingly requested. We tested three sampling methods (the S3m sampling method, a stratified method, and a mapped inventory) to monitor macrophytes in 26 SSLs. The effect of each method was evaluated on seven descriptors of macrophyte communities, including the median conservation value. The results were comparable for the three methods, but the stratified method failed to accurately monitor the median conservation value and the number of species present at a low frequency, including exotic and patrimonial species, hence serious consequences for management decisions. S3m was applied to 262 SSLs ranging from 1 m² to 43 ha in surface area. Generalised additive models were used to investigate the environmental factors correlated with four conservation value or ecosystem functioning descriptors. The S3m method showed that surface area, distance from the source, elevation, and bank verticality were determinants of macrophyte richness. Invasive crayfish impacted the macrophyte richness and the coverage of submerged macrophytes, whereas fish presence increased the macrophyte richness and the percentage of exotic macrophytes and reduced patrimonial interest. S3m was successfully applied to a wide diversity of SSLs in France. It proved to be rapid, reproducible, and representative for monitoring macrophytes in SSLs. Therefore, it should be applied for SSL management.; Les macrophytes jouent un rôle essentiel dans le fonctionnement des petits lacs peu profonds (SSL) car ils maintiennent un état clair grâce à de nombreuses rétroactions positives. La composition des communautés de macrophytes change sous l'effet des pressions anthropiques ; par conséquent, des outils conçus pour évaluer facilement et rapidement leur structure et leur composition sont de plus en plus demandés. Nous avons testé trois méthodes d'échantillonnage (la méthode d'échantillonnage S3m, une méthode stratifiée, et un inventaire cartographié) pour suivre les macrophytes dans 26 SSL. L'effet de chaque méthode a été évalué sur sept descripteurs des communautés de macrophytes, dont la valeur moyenne de conservation. Les résultats étaient comparables pour les trois méthodes, mais la méthode stratifiée n'a pas réussi à évaluer avec précision la valeur moyenne de conservation et le nombre d'espèces présentes à une faible fréquence, y compris les espèces exotiques et patrimoniales, d'où de graves conséquences pour les décisions de gestion. Le S3m a été appliqué à 262 SSL dont la surface varie de 1 m² à 43 ha. Des modèles additifs généralisés ont été utilisés pour étudier les facteurs environnementaux corrélés à quatre descripteurs de la valeur de conservation ou du fonctionnement de l'écosystème. La méthode S3m a montré que la surface, la distance à la source, l'altitude et la verticalité des berges étaient des déterminants de la richesse en macrophytes. Les écrevisses envahissantes ont eu un impact sur la richesse en macrophytes et le recouvrement des macrophytes submergés, tandis que la présence de poissons a augmenté la richesse en macrophytes et le pourcentage de macrophytes exotiques et a réduit l'intérêt patrimonial. S3m a été appliqué avec succès à une grande diversité de SSL en France. Il s'est avéré être rapide, reproductible et représentatif pour le suivi des macrophytes dans mares et étangs. Par conséquent, il devrait être appliqué pour la gestion des SSL.
Published: 2022

14. Neogene South Asian monsoon rainfall and wind histories diverged due to topographic effects

Author: Anta-Clarisse Sarr, Yannick Donnadieu, Clara T. Bolton, Jean-Baptiste Ladant, Alexis Licht, Frédéric Fluteau, Marie Laugié, Delphine Tardif, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, and ANR-16-CE31-0020,AMOR,Reconstruction modèle-données des climats du Cénozoique(2016)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Palaeoceanography, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Palaeoclimate, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The drivers of the evolution of the South Asian Monsoon remain widely debated. An intensification of monsoonal rainfall recorded in terrestrial and marine sediment archives from the earliest Miocene (23–20 million years ago (Ma)) is generally attributed to Himalayan uplift. However, Indian Ocean palaeorecords place the onset of a strong monsoon around 13 Ma, linked to strengthening of the southwesterly winds of the Somali Jet that also force Arabian Sea upwelling. Here we reconcile these divergent records using Earth system model simulations to evaluate the interactions between palaeogeography and ocean–atmosphere dynamics. We show that factors forcing the South Asian Monsoon circulation versus rainfall are decoupled and diachronous. Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau topography predominantly controlled early Miocene rainfall patterns, with limited impact on ocean–atmosphere circulation. The uplift of the East African and Middle Eastern topography played a pivotal role in the establishment of the modern Somali Jet structure above the western Indian Ocean, while strong upwelling initiated as a direct consequence of the emergence of the Arabian Peninsula and the onset of modern-like atmospheric circulation. Our results emphasize that although elevated rainfall seasonality was probably a persistent feature since the India–Asia collision in the Paleogene, modern-like monsoonal atmospheric circulation only emerged in the late Neogene.
Published: 2022

15. Do non-native plants affect terrestrial arthropods in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands?

Author: Isabelle Badenhausser, Damien Fourcy, Mathilde Bertrand, Aurélien Pierre, Brigitte Bonneau, Jean-Louis Chapuis, Yann Rantier, Maurice Hullé, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), The research was supported by the ‘Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor’ (IPEV, programme 136 subanteco) and the CNRS (Zone-Atelier de Recherches sur l’Environnement Antarctique et Subantarctique)., Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Vascular plants, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, fungi, food and beverages, Biodiversity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biological invasions, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Functional traits, Species richness
Abstract: International audience; Biological invasions are a major threat to the terrestrial ecosystems of the sub-Antarctic islands. While non-native plants generally have negative impacts on native arthropods, few studies have investigated how both native and non-native arthropods and plants interact in the sub-Antarctic islands. This was the aim of our study, which was conducted on three islands of the Kerguelen archipelago. The design was based on the spatial proximity of areas dominated by non-native or native plant species. Trait-based indices were calculated to characterize the functional structure of plant communities, considering plant stature and leaf traits. Native and non-native vegetation had contrasting functional composition but their functional diversity was similar. The effects of the type of vegetation, native or non-native, and plant functional diversity on arthropods were tested. Native macro-arthropod richness and abundance were similar or higher in non-native vegetation, and benefited from greater plant functional diversity. Abundances of macro-herbivores, macro-decomposers and macro-predators were also similar or higher in non-native vegetation. Conversely, the abundances of micro-arthropods, Symphypleona springtails and Oribatida mites, were higher in native vegetation but we also found that plant functional diversity had a negative effect on Symphypleona. Our results suggest that non-native plants can affect micro-arthropods directly or indirectly, likely through their effects on abiotic factors. By affecting macro-arthropod abundances across different trophic groups and by depleting micro-arthropods, non-native plants can alter trophic interactions, functional balances and the functioning of whole ecosystem.
Published: 2022

16. The effect of shrub community on understory soil seed bank with and without livestock grazing

Author: Erfanzadah, Reza, Barzegaran, Fatemeh, Amoli, Siroos Saber, Petillon, Julien, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organisation (AREEO ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Crataegus pseudomelanocarpa community, Hyrcanian forests, Ecology, Disturbance, Facilitation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Shrub communities often modify understory soil and vegetation characteristics. However, the effect of individual shrubs on the soil seed bank (y6SSB) could be variable in grasslands depending on the presence of grazing. We examined how grazing influences patch-level effects of shrubs on local soil seed bank (SSB) density, species richness, and composition. Twenty individuals of Crataegus pseudomelanocarpa (dominant woody species in the study area) were randomly selected in the degraded ecotone between forest and grassland in northern Iran, 10 in grazed and 10 in ungrazed areas. Soil samples were collected under shrubs and the space between shrubs and then transported to the greenhouse. The seedling emergence method was used to estimate SSB density and composition in the greenhouse. In total, 61 species germinated from the soil samples with 47 species in the grazed sites (43 species in shrub, 34 species in open) and 54 species in the ungrazed sites (43 species in shrub, 46 species in open). SSB density and richness were significantly lower under shrubs compared with outside in the ungrazed areas while the converse results were found in the grazed areas. Although grazing decreased SSB density and species richness, this decrease was less pronounced under the shrubs, indicating the nursing roles of shrubs against grazing on seed production by herbaceous plants.
Published: 2022

17. Invertebrates in small shallow lakes and ponds: a new sampling method to study the influence of environmental factors on their communities

Author: Frédéric Labat, Christophe Piscart, Gabrielle Thiébaut, Aquabio, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ADEME [1682C0129]
Subjects: Fish, Depressional wetlands, Standing waterbodies, Species richness and composition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Aquatic Science, Invasive crayfish, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Small shallow lakes (SSL) are reservoirs of biodiversity and provide numerous ecosystem services. Therefore, tools to easily and rapidly assess the biological integrity and conservation value of these aquatic ecosystems have been increasingly requested by environmental managers. In this study, we propose a new sampling method for monitoring aquatic invertebrates. This method, called S(3)i, allows to sample SSL with a surface area from 1 m(2) to at least 20 ha. We applied the method to 268 SSL in France and used generalised additive models to investigate factors that correlate with (1) total richness, and (2) richness and relative abundance of functional group epsilon, i.e. group of taxa exclusive of SSL richness and determining SSL functioning. Elevation, surface area, and distance from the source-a proxy of river and watershed connectivity-were identified as determinants of invertebrate richness. Invasive crayfish may directly impact total and epsilon-richness, whereas fish impact epsilon-richness and epsilon-abundances. Shoreline vegetation and vegetation cover were especially determinant for total richness, epsilon-richness, and epsilon-relative abundance. The S(3)i was successfully applied to a wide diversity of SSL in France. The sampling method can be considered as rapid, reproductible, and representative for monitoring aquatic invertebrates in SSL and should be applied to the management of a worldwide range of small shallow lakes.
Published: 2022

18. Multiple drivers and lineage-specific insect extinctions during the Permo–Triassic

Author: Corentin Jouault, André Nel, Vincent Perrichot, Frédéric Legendre, Fabien L. Condamine, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: The Permo–Triassic interval encompasses three extinction events including the most dramatic biological crisis of the Phanerozoic, the latest Permian mass extinction. However, their drivers and outcomes are poorly quantified and understood for terrestrial invertebrates, which we assess here for insects. We find a pattern with three extinctions: the Roadian/Wordian (≈266.9 Ma; extinction of 64.5% insect genera), the Permian/Triassic (≈252 Ma; extinction of 82.6% insect genera), and the Ladinian/Carnian boundaries (≈237 Ma; extinction of 74.8% insect genera). We also unveil a heterogeneous effect of these extinction events across the major insect clades. Because extinction events have impacted Permo–Triassic ecosystems, we investigate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on insect diversification dynamics and find that changes in floral assemblages are likely the strongest drivers of insects’ responses throughout the Permo–Triassic. We also assess the effect of diversity dependence between three insect guilds; an effect ubiquitously found in current ecosystems. We find that herbivores held a central position in the Permo–Triassic interaction network. Our study reveals high levels of insect extinction that profoundly shaped the evolutionary history of the most diverse non-microbial lineage.
Published: 2022

19. Biotic and Abiotic Control Over Diurnal CH4 Fluxes in a Temperate Transitional Poor Fen Ecosystem

Author: Alexandre Lhosmot, Adrien Jacotot, Marc Steinmann, Philippe Binet, Marie-Laure Toussaint, Sébastien Gogo, Daniel Gilbert, Sarah Coffinet, Fatima Laggoun-Deffarge, Guillaume Bertrand, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
Subjects: Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Environmental Chemistry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

20. Differential effects of root-level exposure to triazine xenobiotics on root development plasticity in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author: Diana Alberto, Fanny Ramel, Cécile Sulmon, Gwenola Gouesbet, Ivan Couée, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), interdisciplinary program 'Ingenierie ecologique' [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France], Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversite (France), and Ministere de l'Enseignement superieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (France)
Subjects: Herbicides, Physiology, Root growth, Soil pollution, Persistent organic pollutants, Atrazine, Root hair development, Plant Science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; Herbicides and their degradation products contribute to soil pollution and to its impact on soil biodiversity and functioning. Soil herbicide pollution presents characteristics of global planetary threats, with harmful consequences for soil ecology, for ecosystem functions and services mediated by natural plant communities and for crop production sustainability. However, the range and the mechanisms of soil herbicide pollution effects on plants are not fully understood. Effects on roots, as a first line of pollutant exposure, and on root plasticity, as a driver of below-ground ecological processes, must be further characterized. Because of worldwide intensive use of atrazine, of persistence in the environment and of toxicological effects, atrazine and its derived metabolites are typical persistent organic pollutants of soils. The coherent chemical series consisting of atrazine, desethylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine was used to analyse potential effects of triazine xenobiotics on root plasticity processes. Responses to atrazine, desethylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine applied at root level were comparatively analyzed in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which is highly responsive to triazine xenobiotics. We report that triazine xenobiotics, whether as herbicidally active compounds or as degradation products, affect root plasticity in terms of primary root growth, lateral root development and root hair development, and that these effects differentially interact with the light, carbon and cytokinin status of the plant. The adaptive significance of these effects and of their interactions is discussed in terms of toxicity of, or resistance to, residual soil contaminants and in terms of potential cascading impact on plant and ecosystem functioning.
Published: 2022

21. Ventilatory responses at submaximal exercise intensities in healthy children and adolescents during the growth spurt period: a semi-longitudinal study

Author: Fenfen Zhou, Jacques Prioux, Kilian Phillipe, Xiaojian Yin, Aya Houssein, Steven Gastinger, East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes), Mouvement, Équilibre, Performance, Santé (MEPS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Institut Formation Education Physique et Sportive Angers (IFEPSA), Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO), Activité Physique, Corps, Sport et Santé (APCOSS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [486 023], and Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Girls, Submaximal exercise, Growth, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Adolescents, Combinatorics, 03 medical and health sciences, Oxygen Consumption, 0302 clinical medicine, Respiratory Rate, Physiology (medical), Tidal Volume, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Children, Breathing pattern, Physics, Boys, Age Factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Total body, General Medicine, Growth spurt, Semi-longitudinal study, 030228 respiratory system, Exercise Test, Lean body mass, Step test, Exercise intensity, Female, Ventilatory threshold, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract: To identify the changes of ventilation ( $$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$$ E), tidal volume (VT) and respiratory frequency (fr) at different incremental step test intensities during maturation of children and adolescents. A semi-longitudinal study was conducted on 68 healthy untrained boys and girls aged 11–17 years. The subjects were separated into three distinct age groups. $$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$$ E, VT and fr parameters were evaluated annually during 3 years by modifying incremental step test intensities according to ventilatory threshold (VTh) level (30, 60 and 90% of $$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$$ O2max). Absolute and relative values of ventilatory responses were analyzed and compared according to age and developmental phase. (1) Height, weight, lean body mass and vital capacity increased significantly from 11 to 17 years of age. (2) $$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$$ O2max, $$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$$ E, and VT increased during maturation even when exercise intensity changed, especially from 11 to 15 years of age. On the other hand, fr showed a decreasing trend. Increases of VT are the main reason for $$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$$ E increases during maturation of children. fr decreased independently of total body mass during maturation. $$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$$ E.kg−1 was stable despite intensity variations. VT.kg−1 increased significantly from 11 to 15 years then stabilized at 17 years. Lean body mass seems to explain the evolution of VT.kg−1 during maturation.
Published: 2021

22. Hematology, Hormones, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage in Elite and Professional Soccer Players: A Systematic Review with Implications for Exercise

Author: Hassane Zouhal, Benoit Bideau, Karim Saidi, Sghaeir Zouita, Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman, Urs Granacher, Anthony C. Hackney, Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), ISSEP Ksar Saïd, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Universität Potsdam, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG), Open Access Publishing Fund of the University of Potsdam, Germany, École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Hematology, Anabolism, Sports medicine, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Inflammation, 030229 sport sciences, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, Vertical jump, 0302 clinical medicine, Systematic review, Internal medicine, Injury prevention, Physical therapy, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Hormone
Abstract: International audience; Background Knowledge of the long-term effects of soccer training on hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance may help to better design strength and conditioning programs for performance development and injury prevention for the individual player and the team. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and discuss evidence on the long-term effects of soccer training on selected hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance in elite and professional soccer players. A second goal was to investigate associations between selected physiological markers and measures of performance. Methods Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) from inception until August 2020 to identify articles related to soccer training effects. To be included in this systematic review, studies had to examine male elite (national level) and/or professional (international level) soccer players aged > 17 years and a soccer training period > 4 weeks, and report outcomes related to hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, muscle damage, and performance markers. Results The search syntax initially identified 2420 records. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 20 eligible studies were included in this systematic review, with training durations lasting between 4 and 18 weeks in 15 studies, around 6 months in four studies, and around 1 year in one study. Effects of long-term soccer training revealed parameter-specific increases or decreases in hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance. Two studies showed a moderate increase in hematological markers such as hemoglobin (effect size [ES] = 0.67-0.93). Parameter-specific changes were noted for hormonal markers in the form of increases for total testosterone (ES = 0.20-0.67) and free testosterone (FT) (ES = 0.20-0.65) and decreases for cortisol (ES = - 0.28 to - 1.31). Finally, moderate to very large increases were found for muscle damage markers such as creatine kinase (ES = 0.94-6.80) and physical performance such as countermovement jump (CMJ) height (ES = 0.50-1.11) and squat jump (SJ) height (ES = 0.65-1.28). After long-term periods of soccer training, significant positive correlations were found between percentage change (Delta%) in FT and Delta% in CMJ height (r = 0.94; p = 0.04) and between Delta% in total testosterone/cortisol (TT/C) ratio and Delta% in SJ (r = 0.89; p = 0.03). Conclusions Findings suggest that long-term soccer training induces increases/decreases in hematological, hormonal, inflammatory, and muscle damage markers and physical performance in male elite and professional soccer players. These fluctuations can be explained by different contextual factors (e.g., training load, duration of training, psychological factors, mood state). Interestingly, the observed changes in hormonal parameters (FT and TT/C) were related to vertical jump performance changes (e.g., CMJ and SJ). Anabolic hormones and TT/C can possibly be used as a tool to identify physical performance alteration after long-term soccer training.
Published: 2021

23. The influence of native populations’ genetic history on the reconstruction of invasion routes: the case of a highly invasive aquatic species

Author: Thomas Brazier, Emira Cherif, Jean-François Martin, André Gilles, Simon Blanchet, Yahui Zhao, Marine Combe, R. J. Scott McCairns, Rodolphe E. Gozlan, Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing], This study is part of the project GENESIS (ANR-13-ADAP-0005) supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche. S.B. was co-funded by the project PROBIS (Biodiversa) and E.C. was funded by an IRD postdoctoral fellowship. R.E.G., A.G., J.F.M. and S.B. received funding for this research from ANR Bioadapt., ANR-13-ADAP-0005,GENESIS,Le rôle de la diversité génétique et de la plasticité phénotypique dans l'adaptation aux changements environmentaux: Une analyse génomique de l'invasion biologique(2013), and ANR-21-LCV3-0003,BioAdapt,BioAdapt, une plateforme pour l'amélioration génétique de plantes cultivées aux stress abiotiques(2021)
Subjects: Invasion pathways, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Population modeling, Ecology, Approximate bayesian computation, Aquatic biological invasion, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Population genomics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demographic inference
Abstract: Data availability: All sequencing data (GBS reads) are publicly-available under the BioProject ID PRJNA799666. The original genetic data yielded by genotyping (in vcf format), additional metadata (e.g. geographical coordinates) and all scripts necessary to reproduce the results presented in the paper are available in a publicly-available Github repository: https://github.com/ThomasBrazier/PseudorasboraGENESIS. Data are available from the authors upon reasonable request.This study has been conducted in accordance with the relevant animal or human ethics approvals.; International audience; Insufficient data on the origins of the first introduced propagule and the initial stages of invasion complicate the reconstruction of a species' invasion history. Phylogeography of the native area profoundly shapes the genomic patterns of the propagules on which subsequent demographic processes of the invasion are based. Thus, a better understanding of this aspect helps to disentangle native and invasive histories. Here, we used genomic data together with clustering methods, explicit admixture tests combined with ABC models and Machine Learning algorithms, to compare patterns of genetic structure and gene flow of native and introduced populations, and infer the most likely invasion pathways of the highly invasive freshwater fish Pseudorasbora parva. This species is the vector of a novel lethal fungal-like pathogen (Sphaerothecum destruens) that is responsible for the decline of several fish species in Europe. We found that the current genetic structuring in the native range of P. parva has been shaped by waves of gene flow from populations in southern and northern China. Furthermore, our results strongly suggest that the genetic diversity of invasive populations results from recurrent global invasion pathways of admixed native populations. Our study also illustrates how the combination of admixture tests, ABC and Machine Learning can be used to detect high-resolution demographic signatures and reconstruct an integrative biological invasion history.
Published: 2022

24. Incongruences between morphology and molecular phylogeny provide an insight into the diversification of the Crocidura poensis species complex

Author: Inessa Voet, Christiane Denys, Marc Colyn, Aude Lalis, Adam Konečný, Arnaud Delapré, Violaine Nicolas, Raphaël Cornette, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Action Transversale du Museum 2017 (CROCIDURA project), and 'Projet federateur du departement Origines et Evolution 2020' (COLLCROC project)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Climate, Shrews, Skull, Animals, Humans, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecosystem, Phylogeny
Abstract: Untangling the factors of morphological evolution has long held a central role in the study of evolutionary biology. Extant speciose clades that have only recently diverged are ideal study subjects, as they allow the examination of rapid morphological variation in a phylogenetic context, providing insights into a clade’s evolution. Here, we focus on skull morphological variability in a widely distributed shrew species complex, the Crocidura poensis species complex. The relative effects of taxonomy, size, geography, climate and habitat on skull form were tested, as well as the presence of a phylogenetic signal. Taxonomy was the best predictor of skull size and shape, but surprisingly both size and shape exhibited no significant phylogenetic signal. This paper describes one of the few cases within a mammal clade where morphological evolution does not match the phylogeny. The second strongest predictor for shape variation was size, emphasizing that allometry can represent an easily accessed source of morphological variability within complexes of cryptic species. Taking into account species relatedness, habitat preferences, geographical distribution and differences in skull form, our results lean in favor of a parapatric speciation model within this complex of species, where divergence occurred along an ecological gradient, rather than a geographic barrier.
Published: 2022

25. Identifying relatively irreducible infeasible subsystems of linear inequalities

Author: Jérémy Omer, Michael Poss, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Méthodes Algorithmes pour l'Ordonnancement et les Réseaux (MAORE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Methods, Algorithms for Operations REsearch (MAORE), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Netlib, Mathematical optimization, Conflict analysis, 021103 operations research, Linear programming, Computer science, Generalization, 0211 other engineering and technologies, General Decision Sciences, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], 02 engineering and technology, Management Science and Operations Research, Irreducible infeasible set, Linear inequality, Polyhedron, Simplex algorithm, Theory of computation, Systems of linear inequalities, Link (knot theory), [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract: International audience; A classical problem in the study of an infeasible system of linear inequalities is to determine irreducible infeasible subsystems of inequalities (IISs), i.e., infeasible subsets of inequalities whose proper subsets are feasible. In this article, we examine a particular situation where only a given subsystem is of interest for the analysis of infeasibility. For this, we define relatively irreducible infeasible subsystems (RIISs) as infeasible subsystems of inequalities that are irreducible with respect to a given subsystem. It is a generalization of the definition of an IIS, since an IIS is irreducible with respect to the full system. We provide a practical characterization of RIISs, making the link with the alternative polyhedron commonly used in the detection of IISs. We then turn to the study of the RIISs that can be obtained from the Phase I of the simplex algorithm. We answer an open question regarding the covering of the clusters of IISs and show that this result cannot be generalized to RIISs. We thus develop a practical algorithm to find a covering of the clusters of RIISs. Our findings are numerically illustrated on the Netlib infeasible linear programs.
Published: 2021

26. Conserving Galapagos landbirds in agricultural landscapes: forest patches of native trees needed to increase landbird diversity and abundance

Author: Pierre-Yves Henry, Ilke Geladi, Paulina Couenberg, Birgit Fessl, André Mauchamp, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Conservation Plan, Biodiversity, Scalesia, Vegetation, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Habitat destruction, Habitat, Abundance (ecology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Relative species abundance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: One of the principal drivers of biodiversity loss is habitat loss due to land conversion for agriculture. Understanding how agricultural landscapes can be more biodiverse is critical in devising a working lands conservation plan. For at least 20 years, some bird populations in the Galapagos have been in sharp decline, especially in the agricultural zone. Since 2010, we found that the relative abundance of ten out of eleven monitored landbird species has further decreased. We examined the existing habitat structures in the agricultural zone of Santa Cruz, historically established in former areas of native humid forest (Scalesia), and analyzed which structures associated with higher landbird diversity and abundance of four declining species. We conducted standardized point counts and surveyed surrounding vegetation during the breeding period. Landbird diversity was highest in forest and coffee sites and least diverse in pasture sites. Main predictors of higher landbird diversity were forest patch presence, increased abundance of native vegetation and lower elevations. Main predictors of higher landbird relative abundance were percentage of forest in the surrounding 200 m radius buffer and forest patch presence. Our results suggest that to increase the contribution of farmlands to landbird conservation during the reproductive period, habitat management efforts should be targeted at increasing forest patches and/or corridors, particularly within pasture farms. Nevertheless, to ensure sustainability of these measures, economic value to the considered farmlands needs to be secured, social perspectives incorporated and other important threats to landbirds assessed.
Published: 2021

27. Environmental and Dietary Exposures Near a Major Industrial Harbour (Fos-sur-Mer, France) Identified as a Significant Pathway for PCBs and PCDD/Fs Accumulation in Residents’ Blood Serum

Author: Khaled Douib, Maxime Jeanjean, Marie-Pierre Etienne, Annabelle Austruy, Julien Dron, Gautier Revenko, Philippe Marchand, Sylvaine Goix, Marine Periot, Philippe Chamaret, Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions [Fos-sur-Mer], Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), AGROCAMPUS OUEST [Le Rheu], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire d'étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Institut Ecocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Blood serum, Xanthoria parietina, Environmental health, Biomonitoring, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, computer.programming_language, Pollutant, biology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Stratified sampling, Geography, 13. Climate action, Harbour, Control area, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, computer
Abstract: We investigated whether residents who lived closer to the core of one of the largest industrial zone in Europe (Fos-sur-Mer, France) had higher serum levels of organochlorine indicators (NDL-PCBs, DL-PCBs and PCDD/Fs) than people who lived out of the industrial core zone (Saint-Martin-de-Crau, France). The INDEX cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2016. We collected blood samples from 138 people (80 in the exposed area and 58 in the control area), which were included using a stratified random sampling method and selected with strict criteria (e.g., 30–65 years old, living in the area for at least 3 years, not working in the industrial sector, non-smoker). Biomonitoring indicators were calculated using multivariate linear regression models, adjusting for personal physiological, social, dietary, housing characteristics and free-time activities. We also measured these pollutants in samples of lichens (Xanthoria parietina) and atmospheric particles (PM2.5). We found that behaviours that involved environmental exposures (such as gardening, dietary history of consumption of vegetables, eggs, poultry, and local seafood) were significantly associated with an increase in organochlorine serum levels amongst residents of the industrial port zone compared to the residents of the control area. We also observed spatial and temporal variations of the pollutants across the territory. Our observations provided clues in understanding the presence of organochlorine compounds in the human body and links to environmental exposures in the context of one of the largest industrial zone in Europe.
Published: 2021

28. Assessing precipitation extremes (1981–2018) and deep convective activity (2002–2018) in the Amazon region with CHIRPS and AMSU data

Author: Josyane Ronchail, Damien Arvor, Renan Le Roux, Vincent Dubreuil, Chantal Claud, Jhan Carlo Espinoza, Beatriz M. Funatsu, Véronique Michot, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), ANR-18-MPGA-0008,AMANECER,Connexion Amazone - Andes(2018), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: Convection, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Amazon rainforest, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Divergence, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit, Precipitation, Vertical velocity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics
Abstract: The frequency and spatial distributions of precipitation extremes (PEs) and deep convective clouds (DCC) across the Amazon region were assessed using satellite-derived data. For PEs, CHIRPS dataset for the period 1981–2018 were used to calculate a set of absolute, threshold, duration, and percentile-based threshold indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices. DCC occurrence was assessed based on the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit data for the period 2002–2018. In northern Amazon (north of $$5^\circ \hbox {S}$$ ) PEs and DCC are more frequent ( $$\ge 60\%$$ frequency) during February–June. Averaged trends over these months have shown increase in daily rainfall above 20 mm of near 3 days over the 1981–2018 period, and an increase of 2 consecutive wet days (P $$\ge 1\,\hbox {mm}$$ ) in the same period. South of $$5^\circ \hbox {S}$$ prevalence of PEs and DCC is largely observed during November–March ( $$\ge 60\%$$ frequency), whereas the longest persistence of dry days is observed during June–August. Though all PE trends point to an intensification of rainfall in November–March, only consecutive dry days in winter (JJA) and spring (SON) show significant trends, pointing to an increase of 7 days over the 38-yr winters. Rainfall extremes over the entire Amazon region were found to be moderate to strongly correlated with the mean vertically integrated moisture divergence, and in southern Amazon also to upper level divergence and upward vertical velocity. Increased frequency of DCC were found over the whole basin ( $$\sim 18\% \,\, \hbox {yr}^{-1}$$ ), in contrast to decreased convective overshooting (up to $$\sim 15.4\% \,\, \hbox {yr}^{-1}$$ ).
Published: 2021

29. The scale of effect depends on operational definition of forest cover—evidence from terrestrial mammals of the Brazilian savanna

Author: Fabio de Oliveira Roque, Clément Harmange, Olivier Pays, Pierre-Cyril Renaud, Hervé Fritz, Jean Paul Metzger, Beatriz Bellón, Damien Arvor, Jeffrey D. Holland, Isabel Melo, Franco L. Souza, Christophe Amiot, Cyntia Cavalcante Santos, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG-Angers), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Reconciling Ecological and Human Adaptations for Biosphere Sustainability (REHABS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Biodiversité dans l’Anthropocène - Dynamique, Fonction & Gestion (BIODIVAG), Université d'Angers (UA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Reconciling Ecological and Human Adaptations for a Biosphere-based Sustainability (REHABS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], and Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Occupancy, Geography, Planning and Development, Context (language use), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Mammal, Multi-scale model, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Herbivore, Tree cover, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Spatial scale, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Habitat, MAMÍFEROS TERRESTRES, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Spatial ecology, Camera trap, Environmental science, Physical geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Landscape ecology, Scale of response, Scale (map), Brazil
Abstract: International audience; Context: Determining the appropriate scale at which to study species’ interactions with their environment is a great challenge.Objective: We investigated the spatial extent at which landscape structure affects the occurrence of four species of terrestrial mammalian herbivores in the Brazilian savannas and examined whether those scales could be explained by species ecological traits and how forest habitat was operationally defined.Methods: Using maps of forest cover, camera trapping and occupancy modelling, we determined the relations between three landscape metrics (percentage of forest cover, patch density and edge density) and the occurrence of four species. To determine the optimal scale of effect for each species, we computed landscape metrics at different spatial extents (from 0.5 to 10 km radius) from camera trap locations and for three forest maps, each using different operational definitions of a forest pixel: minimum of tree cover of 25, 50 or 75%.Results: The occupancy models revealed scales of effect of 0.5 to 2 km with the scale of effect being similar among three of the species. However, the probability of a scale of effect being detected depended upon how forest is operationally defined, being greater when forest was defined with greater tree cover, particularly for forest-specialist species.Conclusions: Besides biological traits, the way habitat is operationally defined shapes our ability to detect the scale of effects. Thus, it is necessary not to adopt a multi-scale approach, but also to use multiple operational definitions of habitat, considering particularities of how each species interact with their environment.
Published: 2021

30. Description of the smoothing effects of semigroups generated by fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operators and subelliptic estimates

Author: Paul Alphonse, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Kalman rank condition, subelliptic estimates, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Mathematics (miscellaneous), Mathematics::Probability, fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators, Gevrey-type regularity, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs, 47D06, 35B65, 35H20, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: International audience; We study semigroups generated by general fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators acting on $L2(\mathbb R^n)$. We characterize geometrically the partial Gevrey-type smoothing properties of these semigroups and we sharply describe the blow-up of the associated seminorms for short times, generalizing the hypoelliptic and the quadratic cases. As a byproduct of this study, we establish partial subelliptic estimates enjoyed by fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators on the whole space by using interpolation theory.
Published: 2022

31. A long-term dataset of topography and nearshore bathymetry at the macrotidal pocket beach of Porsmilin, France

Author: Stéphane Bertin, France Floc’h, Nicolas Le Dantec, Marion Jaud, Romain Cancouët, Marcaurélio Franzetti, Véronique Cuq, Christophe Prunier, Jérôme Ammann, Emmanuel Augereau, Stevenn Lamarche, Déborah Belleney, Mathias Rouan, Laurence David, Anne Deschamps, Christophe Delacourt, Serge Suanez, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EuroArgo ERIC, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Brest), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), and Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Library and Information Sciences, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Computer Science Applications, Education, Information Systems
Abstract: Long-term datasets documenting the evolution of coastal forms and processes, through the provision of recurring beach as well as shoreface morphological observations and accompanying time-series of environmental controls, remain difficult to collect and are rarely made available. However, they are increasingly needed to further our understanding of coastal change and to improve the models that will help planning what our future coast will be. This data descriptor presents the results of topographic and bathymetric surveys at Porsmilin, a macrotidal embayed beach situated in Brittany, northwest France. The Porsmilin beach survey program was launched in January 2003 by the Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM/Univ. Brest) and is continuing today in the framework of the French coastal observation service SNO-DYNALIT. The dataset contains over 16 years of monthly beach profile surveys and a large collection of repeated high-resolution subtidal and subaerial digital elevation models (DEMs). The dataset is accompanied by time-series of inshore waves and water levels, and enriched metadata, that will facilitate its future reuse in coastal research.
Published: 2022

32. Body-color plasticity of the English grain aphid in response to light in both laboratory and field conditions

Author: Kévin Tougeron, Tim J. Dumonceaux, J. van Baaren, D. Nordin, Jennifer Town, Tyler J. Wist, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES program (Project APHIWEB) [611810], Pest Management Centre [PRR15-040], Fyssen foundation, F.R.S.-FNRS Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, European Project: 611810,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES,APHIWEB(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Plasticity, genetic structures, Sitobion avenae, Population, Behavioral ecology, Light-intensity, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Polyphenism, Polymorphism, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Abiotic component, Endosymbiont, education.field_of_study, Aphid, biology, fungi, food and beverages, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Light intensity, 030104 developmental biology, Animal ecology, Wheat, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: La version déposée inclut le dernier erratum (abstract) : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-020-10091-9; International audience; The occurrence of different color patterns in a population of a species can depend on genetic variations or plasticity to environmental conditions. Body color variation is under selection because it is involved in several ecological processes such as camouflage for prey-predator interactions or resistance to environmental variations. Among insects, aphids are known to produce different body-color morphs depending on their biotic and abiotic environments and their bacterial endosymbionts. The English-grain aphid (EGA) Sitobion avenae produces both red and green morphs in cereal fields. Using both field studies on the Canadian prairies (Saskatchewan) and laboratory experiments, we aimed to study the mechanisms that trigger plasticity in body coloration to better understand the ecological role of body coloration and color-change evolved by animals, including aphids. We first analyzed green and red morph EGA distribution on wheat ears in different fields and showed that red aphids were mostly located at the top of the ear and green aphids at the bottom. Then, using DNA sequencing, we showed that red and green morphs did not strongly differ in their bacterial endosymbiont composition and abundances. Finally, using a climate-chamber setup in the laboratory, we highlighted that EGA body-coloration is under light-intensity control and that it is possible to turn aphids from red back to green within a few days, and from green back to red within a couple of weeks (low-to-high and high-to-low light intensities, respectively). Light-intensity-controlled color-change likely results in adaptive plasticity in response to shifts in environmental conditions that can occur over the lifespan of an aphid, and is fully reversible, even at the adult stage.
Published: 2020

33. Multistage genesis of the late Cretaceous manganese karst-hosted Tasdremt deposit (High Atlas, Morocco)

Author: Yves Missenard, Mohamed Magoua, Gaëtan Rochez, Johan Yans, Abdellah Mouttaqi, Augustin Dekoninck, Oriane Parizot, Gilles Ruffet, Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office National des Hydrocarbures et des Mines, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mineralization (geology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Tasdremt, Geochemistry, Karst, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Petrography, Sedimentary depositional environment, Imini, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Laterite, manganese deposit, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Dolostone, Ar/ Ar, Manganese deposit, Mineral resource classification, 40Ar/39Ar, Cretaceous, Morocco, Geophysics, K-Mn oxides, Geochronology, engineering, Economic Geology, Geology
Abstract: The eastern part of the Souss Basin (Morocco) contains several Mn deposits in the Tasdremt district. ThreeMn orebodies occur withinthe Cenomanian-Turonian dolostones and the Senonian (Coniacian to Maastrichtian) detrital series, the main orebody being located atthe boundary between them. The Mn ores consist of coronadite group minerals, mostly coronadite and hollandite, in a karstifieddolostone. New field observations, petrographic analyses, and geochemical data define the Tasdremt deposits as a karst-hostedaccumulation (11–60 wt.% Mn), particularly enriched in Ba (1.5–8.2 wt.%) and Pb (1.0–5.0 wt.%) with poor contaminations in Al,Fe, and P. This study shows that the ore-forming process is similar to that occurring in the Imini C3 level, located ~ 100 kmto the northeast.Such similarities with the high-grade pyrolusite-bearing ore suggest that the Tasdremt deposit is a lateral equivalent of the Iminideposits. However, the scarcity of pyrolusite in Tasdremt results in lower Mn grades, the Tasdremt ores being considered an aborted/incomplete system in comparison with the Imini deposits. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of K-bearing Mn oxides yields late Cretaceousages, defining three phases at ~ 91.5 Ma, ~ 77.5–82 Ma, and ~ 65–67 Ma. Although the source of metals remains hypothetical,mineralizing fluids were carried by O2-free groundwater that mixed with O2-rich shallow meteoric waters at the Tasdremt depositionalsite. The dissolution of the host dolostones and the karst environment have provided suitable conditions for the precipitation of Mnoxides, causing the coeval increase of pH and Eh, respectively. The Early Atlasic deformation during the Late Cretaceous is associatedwith mineralization events and was responsible for creation of low stand reliefs from Tasdremt to Imini. This period enabledkarstification and mineralization. Connecting the Tasdremt deposits to other African Mn deposits is difficult since the latter consistof laterite resting above PaleoproterozoicMn protores, and consequently formed under different conditions from karst-hosted deposits.It is likely that other Mn occurrences formed along the Atlas belt in similar settings.
Published: 2020

34. Looking with the (computer) mouse: How to unveil problem-solving strategies in matrix reasoning without eye-tracking

Author: Jean-Charles Quinton, Guillaume Rivollier, Annique Smeding, Corentin Gonthier, Statistique pour le Vivant et l’Homme (SVH), Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie : Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP-PC2S), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Psychologie : Cognition, Comportement, Communication (LP3C - EA1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), ANR-11-LABX-0025,PERSYVAL-lab,Systemes et Algorithmes Pervasifs au confluent des mondes physique et numérique(2011), and ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015)
Subjects: Eye Movements, Active perception, Computer science, Interface (computing), Pilot Projects, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Strategy use, Computer mouse movements, 050105 experimental psychology, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Raven's Progressive Matrices, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Human–computer interaction, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Relevance (information retrieval), Eye-Tracking Technology, Problem Solving, General Psychology, Graphical user interface, Matrix reasoning, Computers, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Eye movement, Visual reasoning, Eye tracking, Psychology (miscellaneous), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Problem-solving strategies in visual reasoning tasks are often studied based on the analysis of eye movements, which yields high-quality data but is costly and difficult to implement on a large scale. We devised a new graphical user interface for matrix reasoning tasks where the analysis of computer mouse movements makes it possible to investigate item exploration and, in turn, problem-solving strategies. While relying on the same active perception principles underlying eye-tracking (ET) research, this approach has the additional advantages of being user-friendly and easy to implement in real-world testing conditions, and records only voluntary decisions. A pilot study confirmed that embedding items of Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) in the interface did not significantly alter its psychometric properties. Experiment 1 indicated that mouse-based exploration indices, when used to assess two major problem-solving strategies in the APM, are related to final performance—as has been found in past ET research. Experiment 2 suggested that constraining some features of the interface favored the adoption of the more efficient solving strategy for some participants. Overall, the findings support the relevance of the present methodology for accessing and manipulating problem-solving strategies.
Published: 2020

35. DELLA family duplication events lead to different selective constraints in angiosperms

Author: Francisco Cabello-Hurtado, Cyril Libourel, Abdelkader Aïnouche, Pauline Delcros, Jean Keller, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thesis Grant, Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, Ecological Genomics of Polyploidy, International Associated Laboratory, OPP1172165, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Subfamily, Lineage (evolution), MESH: Selection, Genetic, Plant Science, MESH: Gibberellins / metabolism, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Evolution, Molecular, Evolutionary history, Magnoliopsida, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Molecular evolution, MESH: Transcription Factors / genetics, Gene Duplication, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, Gene duplication, Genetics, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Selection, Genetic, MESH: Phylogeny, Eudicots, Clade, MESH: Magnoliopsida / genetics, Phylogeny, MESH: Gene Duplication, Plant Proteins, MESH: Magnoliopsida / classification, Fabaceae, Subclade, General Medicine, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Gibberellins, MESH: Plant Proteins / genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Multigene Family, Insect Science, MESH: Multigene Family, Animal Science and Zoology, DELLA, Transcription Factors
Abstract: International audience; Gibberellic acid (GA) is a major plant hormone involved in several biological processes from the flowering to the symbiosis with microorganisms. Thus, the GA regulation is crucial for plant biology. This regulation occurs via the DELLA proteins that belong to the GRAS transcription factor family. DELLA proteins are characterised by a DELLA N-terminal and a GRAS C-terminal domains. It is well known that DELLA activity appears after the bryophytes divergence and then evolved in the vascular plant lineages. Here we present the phylogeny of DELLA across 75 species belonging to various lineages from algae, liverworts and angiosperms. Our study confirmed two main duplication events, the first occurring before the angiosperms divergence and the other specific to the eudicots lineage. Comparative analysis of DELLA subclades in angiosperms revealed the loss in Poaceae and strong alteration in other species of the DELLA functional domain in the DELLA2 clade. In addition, molecular evolution analysis suggests that each of the clades (named DELLA1.1, DELLA1.2 and DELLA2) evolved differently but copies of each subclade are under strong purifying selection. This also suggests that, although the DELLA functional domain is altered in DELLA2, DELLA2 orthologs are still functional and operate in a different way compared to DELLA1 copies. In angiosperms, additional duplication events occurred and led to duplicate copies in species, genus or family such as in the Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae. This duplication led to the formation of additional paralogs in the DELLA1.2 subclade (DELLA1.2.1 and DELLA1.2.2). Interestingly, both copies appeared to be under relaxing selection revealing different evolutionary fate of the DELLA duplicated copies.
Published: 2020

36. Efficient parametric estimation for a signal-plus-noise Gaussian model from discrete time observations

Author: Khalil El Waled, Dominique Dehay, Vincent Monsan, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Qassim University [Kingdom of Saudi Arabia], Université Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan,Côte d'Ivoire, Université de Cocody, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Hellinger distance, Gaussian, Low frequency sampling, Minimax efficiency, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), 010104 statistics & probability, symbols.namesake, 0502 economics and business, Applied mathematics, 0101 mathematics, 050205 econometrics, Mathematics, Bayes estimator, 05 social sciences, Asymptotic properties of estimators, Triangular Gaussian array, [STAT.TH]Statistics [stat]/Statistics Theory [stat.TH], Bayesian estimation, Maximum likelihood estimation, Minimax, High frequency sampling, Discrete time and continuous time, Gaussian noise, symbols, Gaussian network model, Triangular array
Abstract: International audience; This paper deals with the parametric inference for integrated continuous time signals embeddedin an additive Gaussian noise and observed at deterministic discrete instants which arenot necessarily equidistant. The unknown parameter ismultidimensional and compounded ofa signal-of-interest parameter and a variance parameter of the noise.We state the consistencyand the minimax efficiency of the maximum likelihood estimator and of the Bayesian estimatorwhen the time of observation tends to infinity and the delays between two consecutiveobservations tend to 0 or are only bounded. The class of signals in consideration containsamong others, almost periodic signals and also non-continuous periodic signals. Howeverthe problem of frequency estimation is not considered here. Furthermore, in this paper thesignal-plus-noise discretely observed in time model is considered as a particular case of amore general model of independent Gaussian observations forming a triangular array.
Published: 2020

37. Effects of an experimental increase in flow intermittency on an alpine stream

Author: Amael Paillex, Benjamin Misteli, Andre R. Siebers, Christopher T. Robinson, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), La Trobe University [Melbourne], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Eawag Discretionary Funds for Research, Ernst Gohner foundation, Gelbert foundation, Department of Nature and Environment, Canton Graubunden, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Drift, Fluvial, STREAMS, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Intermittency, Glacial, Periphyton, Stable isotopes, Riparian zone, Trophic level, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Macroinvertebrates, Biofilm, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Benthic organic matter
Abstract: International audience; Flow intermittency occurs naturally in alpine streams. However, changing rainfall patterns and glacier retreat are predicted to increase the occurrence of flow intermittency in alpine catchments, with largely unknown effects on ecosystem structure and function. We conducted a flow manipulation experiment within a headwater stream of Val Roseg, a glacierized alpine catchment, to determine the effects of increased flow intermittency on aquatic macroinvertebrates, periphyton, benthic organic matter, and trophic structure. Compared to an adjacent reference channel, an increase in flow intermittency reduced macroinvertebrate density, taxa richness, and the proportion of rheophilic taxa. Density and richness remained low in the manipulated channel after resumption of natural flow. Flow intermittency did not affect organic matter standing stocks, but increased assimilation of periphyton by aquatic macroinvertebrates. Predation on aquatic invertebrates by riparian spiders also increased. We attribute many of these patterns to the timing of drying, which likely excluded summer-growing cohorts of rheophilic, aerial dispersers. This study suggests that reductions in summer glacial melt and rainfall events might increase flow intermittency and lead to fundamental changes in diversity and function of alpine fluvial networks.
Published: 2020

38. Adaptive estimation of the stationary density of a stochastic differential equation driven by a fractional Brownian motion

Author: Fabien Panloup, Maylis Varvenne, Karine Bertin, Nicolas Klutchnikoff, Centro de Investigación y Modelamiento de Fenómenos Aleatorios – Valparaíso (CIMFAV), Universidad de Valparaiso [Chile], Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Mathématiques (LAREMA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Mathematics - Statistics Theory, Statistics Theory (math.ST), Non-parametric Inference, Fractional Brownian motion, 01 natural sciences, 62M09, Stationary density, 010104 statistics & probability, Stochastic differential equation, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], 0502 economics and business, FOS: Mathematics, Stochastic Differential Equation, Applied mathematics, 0101 mathematics, Non parametric inference, 050205 econometrics, Mathematics, Probability (math.PR), 05 social sciences, Dynamics (mechanics), Rate of convergence, 16. Peace & justice, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Adaptive density estimation AMS classification (2010): 60G22, 60H10, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract: International audience; We build and study a data-driven procedure for the estimation of the stationary density f of an additive fractional SDE. To this end, we also prove some new concentrations bounds for discrete observations of such dynamics in stationary regime.
Published: 2020

39. Tracking the evolutionary history of the Allium ampeloprasum L. complex (section Allium) provides evidence of the contribution of North African diploids to the formation of allopolyploid horticultural groups

Author: Malika Ourari, Rachid Amirouche, Nabila Amirouche, Abdelkader Aïnouche, Thinhinan Khedim, Jean Keller, Malika L. Aïnouche, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Abderrahmane Mira [Béjaïa], Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), international Project CMEP-Tassili Hubert Curien, 'Polyploidy, Genome Evolution and Biodiversity' [08 MDU 724], Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB, Algiers, Algeria), UMR-CNRS 6553 Ecobio, University of Rennes 1 (France), CNEPRU project [F00220100043], USTHB-internship grants, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene = University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Molecular phylogeny, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Intergenic region, Allium ampeloprasum, Botany, Genetics, Wild genetic resources, Domestication, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Allium ampeloprasum complex, Diploids, food and beverages, Polyploids, Polyploid complex, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Algeria, Molecular phylogenetics, Allium, Gene pool, Ploidy, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The economically important Allium ampeloprasum L. represents a polyploid complex, comprising hexa- and octoploid Great Headed Garlic horticultural cultivars (6x-8x GHG) and several traditional varieties of the tetraploid (4x) leeks (Leek, Bulbous leek, Kurrat and Pearl onion). Its wild representatives were indicated as rare in the Mediterranean region. This study aims to explore the diversity and origin of polyploidy in this complex, including its wild relatives A. baeticum Bossier and A. guttatum Steven with particular focus on the poorly investigated North-African region. Natural populations were sampled in Algeria in various bioclimatic conditions, then subjected to karyological and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear rDNA ITS region and chloroplast trnL-trnF and trnD-trnT intergenic spacers. Comparative analyses included available Genbank accession sequences representing old-world relatives. Chromosome count surveys revealed an unexpected higher occurrence of diploid (2n = 16) than tetraploid (2n = 32) cytotypes. The phylogenetic analyses first allowed positioning the Algerian material within the A. ampeloprasum complex. Interestingly, all the Algerian diploid and tetraploid populations from A. ampeloprasum and A. baeticum form a distinct monophyletic group. The results provide novel and robust evidence demonstrating that the North African diploid A. ampeloprasum genetic pool widely contributed as a source of progenitors not only for the A. ampeloprasum and A. baeticum Algerian tetraploids, but also in the formation of the GHG and Leek cultivated allopolyploids. Therefore, the North African populations emerge as an important reservoir of new wild genetic resources of great interest for tracing the origin of crop domestication and for breeding programs of cultivated varieties.
Published: 2020

40. Effect of density and neighbours on interactions between invasive plants of similar growth form

Author: Márcio José Silveira, Gabrielle Thiébaut, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Universidade Estadual de Maringá [Maringá] (UEM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Elodea canadensis, Non-native species, Clonal plants, Introduced species, Hydrocharitaceae, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Invasive species, Aquatic plant, Egeria densa, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Lagarosiphon major, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, Morphological traits, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Invasive aquatic plants constitute a great problem in many freshwater systems. Although many studies have addressed the potential threats of invasion by exotic species in aquatic ecosystems, few studies have considered the interactions (competition, facilitation, coexistence) between exotic aquatic plants of similar growth form in invaded communities. Our aim was to investigate experimentally the effect of density in monocultures and the effect of neighbour identity and plant density on a focal species in mixed cultures. We used Elodea canadensis, Egeria densa and Lagarosiphon major as model species and conducted two experiments, one in a monoculture and another in a mixed culture following an additive design. Individuals were planted in pots with several treatments based on the identity and density of neighbour species. Our results demonstrated that the development of an invasive submerged plant could be influenced either positively (facilitation) or negatively (competition or inhibition) by the presence of more than one neighbour species of different densities. An increase in density significantly stimulated competition intensity, although the effect of density on the performance of the invader also depended on neighbour identity. A facilitative effect of E. canadensis on the apical growth of E. densa was established. However, despite these results, the competitive outcome also depended on other environmental factors (e.g. underwater radiation), not on plant density and neighbour identity alone.
Published: 2020

41. Slab-derived origin of tremolite–antigorite veins in a supra-subduction ophiolite: the Peridotite Nappe (New Caledonia) as a case study

Author: Jean-Louis Paquette, Dominique Cluzel, Marc Ulrich, Pierre Maurizot, Didier Lahondère, Philippe Boulvais, Stéphane Lesimple, Alexandre Tarantola, M. Iseppi, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), DIMENC/SGNC (SGNC), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Recherche Technologique Nickel et son environnement, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Peridotite, Incompatible element, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Ophiolite, 01 natural sciences, Shear (geology), [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tremolite, Chromite, Metasomatism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Wall rock
Abstract: International audience; Hydration of mantle peridotites provides information on the exhumation history and on the fluid regime accompanying exhumation of these rocks (reservoirs involved, fluid/rock ratios, temperature of interaction). Highly depleted harzburgites and dunites of the Peridotite Nappe of New Caledonia are crosscut by fractures, which have been pervasively serpentinized, producing lizardite, brucite, magnetite and minor chrysotile in a near-static environment, probably by sea water circulating in cooling joints. This event is generally referred to as “primary serpentinization”. In a next step, already serpentinized joints were re-opened to produce tension and shear cracks sealed by higher-temperature synkinematic fibrous minerals. Locally, tremolite-bearing veins and pockets, which do not display evidence for void infill, were generated by metasomatic replacement of the wall rock peridotite. Most veins only contain fibrous antigorite but some display tremolite-antigorite intergrowths or even pure tremolite. The latter rocks yield high contents of Ca and incompatible elements, which contrast with the overall depletion of the peridotite host rock and suggest contribution of an external source. Whole-rock geochemical and isotopic features (87Sr/86Sr, 18O and H) suggest that antigorite veins, which bear highly radiogenic Sr isotope signatures, were strongly influenced by fluids emitted by the subducted slab and associated sediments. In contrast, the geochemical and isotopic signatures of tremolite-bearing rocks suggest a genetic link with Early Eocene supra-subduction dykes and fluids that leached them. Calcium, strontium and REE-bearing oxidized fluids reacted with already serpentinized fracture wall rock as shown by fibre nucleation, chromite alteration and high Cr contents in tremolite. The bulk of syn-tectonic fluid-rock interaction associated with shear and tensile fracture development probably occurred at the onset of Eocene intra-oceanic subduction, when the buoyant lower plate (the South Loyalty Basin) obliquely forced its way beneath the nascent Loyalty fore-arc. Mobile elements extracted from supra-subduction dykes temporarily enriched the circulating fluids and generated tremolite, antigorite, Mg-chlorite and magnetite instead of antigorite and magnetite solely. Tremolite crystallization probably ceased due to the exhaustion of Ca-rich fluids in a globally cooling fore-arc environment.
Published: 2019

42. Network-driven anomalous transport is a fundamental component of brain microvascular dysfunction

Author: Goirand, Florian, Le Borgne, Tanguy, Lorthois, Sylvie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Rennes 1 (FRANCE), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Science, Mécanique des fluides, Neurophysiology, Dipoles, General Physics and Astronomy, Article, CTRW, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Fluid dynamics, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Amyloid beta-Peptides, Multidisciplinary, Scaling laws, Microcirculation, Brain, Biological Transport, Blood flow, General Chemistry, Brain microcirculation, Oxygen, Blood Circulation, Microvessels, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Networks, Biomedical engineering, Biological physics
Abstract: Blood microcirculation supplies neurons with oxygen and nutrients, and contributes to clearing their neurotoxic waste, through a dense capillary network connected to larger tree-like vessels. This complex microvascular architecture results in highly heterogeneous blood flow and travel time distributions, whose origin and consequences on brain pathophysiology are poorly understood. Here, we analyze highly-resolved intracortical blood flow and transport simulations to establish the physical laws governing the macroscopic transport properties in the brain micro-circulation. We show that network-driven anomalous transport leads to the emergence of critical regions, whether hypoxic or with high concentrations of amyloid-β, a waste product centrally involved in Alzheimer’s Disease. We develop a Continuous-Time Random Walk theory capturing these dynamics and predicting that such critical regions appear much earlier than anticipated by current empirical models under mild hypoperfusion. These findings provide a framework for understanding and modelling the impact of microvascular dysfunction in brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s Disease., Blood microcirculation supplies neurons with oxygen and nutrients, and contributes to clearing their neurotoxic waste. Here, the authors analyse blood flow simulations to establish the physical laws linking the microvascular architecture to the macroscopic transport properties that control oxygen supply and waste clearance.
Published: 2021

43. Hydrodynamic Dispersion and Lamb Surfaces in Darcy Flow

Author: Aditya Bandopadhyay, Marco Dentz, Daniel R. Lester, Tanguy Le Borgne, European Research Council, Dentz, Marco, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H2020 European Research Council, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dentz, Marco [0000-0002-3940-282X]
Subjects: General Chemical Engineering, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Porous materials, Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Dispersion (water waves), Mixing (physics), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Darcy's law, Advection, Hydrodynamic dispersion, Transverse dispersion, Fluid deformation, Mechanics, Darcy flow, Vorticity, 020801 environmental engineering, Vortex, Flow (mathematics), Hydrodynamics
Abstract: Transport processes such as the dispersion and mixing of solutes are governed by the interplay of advection and diffusion, where advection acts to organise fluid streamlines and diffusion acts to randomise solute molecules. Thus, the structure and organisation of streamlines, termed the Lagrangian kinematics of the flow, is central to the understanding and modelling of these transport processes. A key question is whether the streamlines in three-dimensional (3D) Darcy flows can wander freely through the fluid domain, or whether all streamlines of the flow are organised into a series of smooth, non-intersecting two-dimensional (2D) surfaces. The existence of such a foliation of surfaces constrains the Lagrangian kinematics in a manner similar to that of 2D flows, which in turn constrains the allowable transport processes. In a series of pioneering studies, Sposito (Water Resour. Res., 30(8):2395–2401, 1994; Adv. Water Resour., 24(7):793–801, 2001) argues that steady Darcy flow in locally isotropic media gives rise to Lamb surfaces, 2D material surfaces which are spanned by both the streamlines and vortex lines (field lines of the vorticity vector) of the flow. Hence, the existence of these surfaces renders the kinematics of such 3D steady Darcy flow as two dimensions. This topological constraint strongly affects transverse mixing and dispersion because 2D steady flow fields limit the rate of deformation of fluid elements and can only admit zero hydrodynamic transverse dispersion. In this study, however, we show that Lamb surfaces are not ubiquitous to all steady Darcy flows in locally isotropic media. We derive the conditions for when Lamb surfaces exist in such Darcy flows, and discuss the implications of these findings for the transport, mixing, and dispersion of solutes. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.
Published: 2019

44. Burma Terrane part of the Trans-Tethyan arc during collision with India according to palaeomagnetic data

Author: Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Jan Westerweel, Hnin Hnin Swe, Myat Kai Thi, Fernando Poblete, Pierrick Roperch, Alexis Licht, Gilles Ruffet, Zaw Win, Day Wa Aung, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Washington [Seattle], University of Shwebo, University of Yangon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: Paleomagnetism, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Geodynamics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Collision zone, 01 natural sciences, Article, Cretaceous, Paleontology, Tectonics, ddc:550, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Island arc, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Terrane
Abstract: Convergence between the Indian and Asian plates has reshaped large parts of Asia, changing regional climate and biodiversity, yet geodynamic models fundamentally diverge on how convergence was accommodated since the India–Asia collision. Here we report palaeomagnetic data from the Burma Terrane, which is at the eastern edge of the collision zone and is famous for its Cretaceous amber biota, to better determine the evolution of the India–Asia collision. The Burma Terrane was part of a Trans-Tethyan island arc and stood at a near-equatorial southern latitude at ~95 Ma, suggesting island endemism for the Burmese amber biota. The Burma Terrane underwent significant clockwise rotation between ~80 and 50 Ma, causing its subduction margin to become hyper-oblique. Subsequently, it was translated northward on the Indian Plate by an exceptional distance of at least 2,000 km along a dextral strike-slip fault system in the east. Our reconstructions are only compatible with geodynamic models involving an initial collision of India with a near-equatorial Trans-Tethyan subduction system at ~60 Ma, followed by a later collision with the Asian margin. The Burma Terrane was part of a Trans-Tethyan island arc that began to collide with India 60 million years ago, according to palaeomagnetic data.
Published: 2019

45. The polyphase evolution of a late Variscan W/Au deposit (Salau, French Pyrenees): insights from REE and U/Pb LA-ICP-MS analyses

Author: Romain Augier, Marc Poujol, Thomas Poitrenaud, Eric Marcoux, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), Métallogénie - UMR7327, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mineralization (geology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Metamorphic rock, Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit, Geochemistry, Skarn, Polyphase ore formation, Scheelite U/Pb geochronology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Tungsten, REE analyses, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geophysics, chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Scheelite, Salau deposit, Carbonate rock, Economic Geology, Metasomatism, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon
Abstract: International audience; The Salau deposit, located in the Axial Zone of the French Pyrenees, is the most important tungsten deposit ever mined in France.Two types of mineralization, both closely associated with a granodiorite intrusion, are distinguished. The first is a fine-grainedscheelite skarn related to contact metamorphic and metasomatism between the intrusion and the adjacent carbonate rocks. Thesecond type is represented by massive sulfides accompanied by coarse-grained scheelite, apatite, and electrum. This synkinematicmineralization is found enclosed within the skarn ore but occurs also within the granodiorite stock along majorductile–brittle shear zones. REE contents of scheelite and apatite from the two types of mineralization show differences suggestingthat the two types derived from two different fluids. U/Pb dating on zircon, apatite and scheelite illustrates that magmaticzircon and apatite formed at 295 ± 2 Ma during emplacement and cooling of the granodiorite intrusion. These are cogenetic to thefine-grained scheelite skarn. Hydrothermal apatite frommassive sulfide ores yields a younger age of 289 ± 2 Ma, whereas closelyassociated coarse-grained scheelite yields a consistent although less precise age of 284 ± 11 Ma. These results suggest that the latemassive sulfide ore with abundant coarse-grained scheelite and electrum is related to the emplacement of an underlying, moreevolved intrusion, accompanied during its ascent by the development of steeply dipping reverse-dextral shear zones
Published: 2019

46. A detailed framework for the characterization of rainfall climatology in semiarid watersheds

Author: Lara de Melo Barbosa Andrade, Bergson Guedes Bezerra, Maria Helena Constantino Spyrides, Lizandro Pereira de Abreu, Pedro Rodrigues Mutti, Kellen Carla Lima, Cristiano Prestrelo de Oliveira, Vicent Dubreuil, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Climáticas (PPGCC), <span class='valid'>Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] <span class='acronym'>UFRN</span></span> (UFRN), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Rennes 2 - UFR Sciences sociales (UR2 UFRSS), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Wet season, Mann-Kendall test, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, Multivariate interpolation, Hydrometeorology, 020701 environmental engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Orographic lift, Climatology, Anomaly (natural sciences), Mode (statistics), [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Hydrometeorological, 15. Life on land, Arid, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: The identification of spatial and temporal rainfall climatology patterns is crucial for hydrometeorological studies over semiarid watersheds, which frequently face water distribution conflicts and socioeconomic issues due to water scarcity. Thus, the objective of this study was to propose a comprehensive approach for the characterization of rainfall climatology over semiarid watersheds. Monthly rainfall time series (1962–2015) with up to 30% of gaps measured in 56 rain gauges in the Piranhas-Acu Watershed—Brazilian semiarid region—were used. Data gaps were filled through a combination of simple spatial interpolation techniques. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis identified two homogeneous rainfall subregions in the basin: C1, in the upper portion, and C2, in the middle and lower portions. Rainfall volumes in C2 were up to 23.5% smaller than those in C1, due to orographic structures which contribute to aridity in this region. Rainfall anomalies were calculated in each cluster through the modified Rainfall Anomaly Index (mRAI) and were associated with the phases of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM). In years when the ENSO (AMM) was in its positive (negative) phase, there was a higher probability of occurrence of months with above-average rainfall, while the opposite was also true. Results showed that the effects of the patterns are mutually influenced, which has been previously found at larger scales. Finally, mRAI trends were identified through the Mann-Kendall test, which indicated significant negative trends in C1 and C2, especially during the wet season.
Published: 2019

47. Human domination of the global water cycle absent from depictions and perceptions

Author: David Ellison, Tamara Kolbe, Stefan Krause, Madeline Buhman, Benjamin W. Abbott, Sayedeh Sara Sayedi, Jean Marçais, Lafe Conner, Amanda Huebner, David M. Hannah, Camille Minaudo, Rebecca J. Frei, Stephen Plont, Kathryn D. Henderson, Gilles Pinay, Sen Gu, F. S. Chapin, Ovidiu Ursache, Sarah E. Godsey, Melissa C. Chapin, Jay P. Zarnetske, Tyler Hampton, Kevin Bishop, Brigham Young University (BYU), Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University, GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Earth Sciences - Palaeobiology [Uppsala], Université de Tours (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Water resources, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural resource economics, river, 0207 environmental engineering, Climate change, security, 02 engineering and technology, insights, decline, 01 natural sciences, Water scarcity, Hydrology (agriculture), framework, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Water cycle, 020701 environmental engineering, science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Moisture recycling, footprint, 15. Life on land, protection, 6. Clean water, Environmental sciences, Water security, quality, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hydrology, Climate sciences, Water use
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiples; International audience; Human water use, climate change and land conversion have created a water crisis for billions of individuals and many ecosystems worldwide. Global water stocks and fluxes are estimated empirically and with computer models, but this information is conveyed to policymakers and researchers through water cycle diagrams. Here we compiled a synthesis of the global water cycle, which we compared with 464 water cycle diagrams from around the world. Although human freshwater appropriation now equals half of global river discharge, only 15% of the water cycle diagrams depicted human interaction with water. Only 2% of the diagrams showed climate change or water pollution—two of the central causes of the global water crisis—which effectively conveys a false sense of water security. A single catchment was depicted in 95% of the diagrams, which precludes the representation of teleconnections such as ocean–land interactions and continental moisture recycling. These inaccuracies correspond with specific dimensions of water mismanagement, which suggest that flaws in water diagrams reflect and reinforce the misunderstanding of global hydrology by policymakers, researchers and the public. Correct depictions of the water cycle will not solve the global water crisis, but reconceiving this symbol is an important step towards equitable water governance, sustainable development and planetary thinking in the Anthropocene.
Published: 2019

48. Exploring the drivers of vascular plant richness at very fine spatial scale in sub-Mediterranean limestone grasslands (Central Apennines, Italy)

Author: Leone Davide Mancini, Manuele Bazzichetto, Goffredo Filibeck, Laura Cancellieri, Marta Gaia Sperandii, Francesco Rossini, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Filibeck, G., Sperandii, M. G., Bazzichetto, M., Mancini, L. D., Rossini, F., and Cancellieri, L.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Vascular plant, Diversity metrics, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Dry grassland, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Species–area relationship, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, Topographical gradients, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Edaphic, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Multi-scale approach, Geography, Dry grasslands, Habitat, Diversity metric, Soil propertie, Spatial ecology, Soil properties, Species richness, Physical geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Secondary dry grasslands in Europe can host high levels of vascular plant richness at small spatial scales. However, in Southern Europe their biodiversity patterns are largely unexplored. In this work, we aim at: (i) estimating plant species richness patterns at very fine scales in montane dry grasslands, on limestone bedrock, in Abruzzo Lazio and Molise National Park (Central Apennines, Italy); (ii) assessing the most important physical and edaphic drivers of biodiversity patterns at multiple plot sizes. We used randomly placed nested-plot series where we measured alpha-diversity at three different plot sizes (1 m2, 0.1 m2 and 0.01 m2) and within-plot beta-diversity (as expressed by the slope of the species-area curve across plot sizes). Variable selection was performed by means of Random Forests. Relationships between selected variables and diversity measures were then assessed using Regression Trees, Linear and Generalized Linear Models. Overall, results pointed to topographically-controlled edaphic factors (soil pH and silt fraction) as the main drivers positively influencing alpha-diversity at all spatial scales, with a positive effect of rock cover and slope inclination at smaller spatial grains. Beta-diversity was positively influenced by rock cover. We suggest that high-pH, steep and/or rocky sites feature higher species richness because they lack competitive grass species. Our results are in agreement with previous works underlining the importance of less productive habitats for the conservation of secondary grassland biodiversity.
Published: 2019

49. Classification tree algorithm for grouped variables

Author: Audrey Poterie, Laurent Rouvière, Valérie Monbet, Jean-François Dupuy, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), SIMulation pARTiculaire de Modèles Stochastiques (SIMSMART), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), IRMAR-STAT, ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, linear discriminant analysis, groups of inputs, [STAT.OT]Statistics [stat]/Other Statistics [stat.ML], Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Classification tree algorithm, 01 natural sciences, Logistic model tree, regularized linear discriminant analysis, 010104 statistics & probability, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], 0502 economics and business, 0101 mathematics, Categorical variable, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics, Mathematics, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Incremental decision tree, business.industry, Decision tree learning, 05 social sciences, Pattern recognition, Linear discriminant analysis, multivariate classification tree algorithms, [STAT]Statistics [stat], Computational Mathematics, Tree (data structure), Optimal discriminant analysis, Classification rule, Supervised classification, Artificial intelligence, group importance measure, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, business, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Algorithm, computer, group variable selection
Abstract: We consider the problem of predicting a categorical variable based on groups of inputs. Some methods have already been proposed to elaborate classification rules based on groups of variables (e.g. group lasso for logistic regression). However, to our knowledge, no tree-based approach has been proposed to tackle this issue. Here, we propose the Tree Penalized Linear Discriminant Analysis algorithm (TPLDA), a new-tree based approach which constructs a classification rule based on groups of variables. It consists in splitting a node by repeatedly selecting a group and then applying a regularized linear discriminant analysis based on this group. This process is repeated until some stopping criterion is satisfied. A pruning strategy is proposed to select an optimal tree. Compared to the existing multivariate classification tree methods, the proposed method is computationally less demanding and the resulting trees are more easily interpretable. Furthermore, TPLDA automatically provides a measure of importance for each group of variables. This score allows to rank groups of variables with respect to their ability to predict the response and can also be used to perform group variable selection. The good performances of the proposed algorithm and its interest in terms of prediction accuracy, interpretation and group variable selection are loud and compared to alternative reference methods through simulations and applications on real datasets.
Published: 2019

50. Validation and reconstruction of rain gauge–based daily time series for the entire Amazon basin

Author: Damien Arvor, Paulo Sérgio Lucio, Vincent Dubreuil, Josyane Ronchail, Véronique Michot, Thomas Corpetti, Nicolas Jégou, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centro de ciencias exatas e da terra (CCET), Univesidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Matching (statistics), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, rainfall, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, Precipitation, 020701 environmental engineering, Amazon, database, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, validation, Rain gauge, Amazon rainforest, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Scale (map), Arithmetic mean
Abstract: Monitoring the spatio-temporal variability of rainfall regimes in the Amazon basin is difficult because (1) time series of remote sensing–based rainfall estimates are still too short for long-time variability analysis and (2) rain gauge time series are not fully reliable and operational in their current state due to frequent gaps and zero values. The objective of this paper is to introduce a quality control and reconstruction procedure designed to produce a robust database of rain gauge–based daily rainfall in the Amazon basin. Despite the low density and heterogeneous spatial distribution of the rain gauges network, we eliminated unexpected values and produced accurate estimates using spatial and mathematical relationships with neighboring rain gauges. Three reconstruction methods were tested: the nearest neighbor approach (NN), the arithmetic mean with neighboring stations (AM), and the multiple imputation by chained equations used with the predictive mean matching procedure (MICE). The quality of the reconstruction has been assessed through the mean annual rainfall and the mean annual number of rainy days. We concluded that the AM approach performed better at the scale of the whole Amazon basin. This method has then been preferred to reconstruct the whole database of rainfall time series.
Published: 2019

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