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A series of Ag-doped Ag–V/TiO2 catalysts with low vanadium loadings were prepared by one-step sol–gel methods and the effects of the Ag doping on the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 were investigated. The catalytic activity of the catalysts increased about 20% by the addition of 1–3 wt% of Ag. The catalysts were characterized by XRD and H2-TPR. The results indicated that the V and Ag were well dispersed on the TiO2 support and the Ag doping inhibited the growth of TiO2 anatase crystallite and improved the oxidation ability of adsorption sites. The reduction temperature of vanadium oxide decreased and the activity for NH3-SCR enhanced. The doped Ag also had NH3-SCR activity, but it was very low. The durability of the catalysts was acceptable and the resistance to H2O was not very good. The effects of the calcination temperature and GHSV were also investigated; it was found that the optimal calcination temperature was 450 °C and the GHSV should not be higher than 48,000 h−1.

This paper studies the local dynamics of an SDOF system with quadratic and cubic stiffness terms, and with linear delayed velocity feedback. The analysis indicates that for a sufficiently large velocity feedback gain, the equilibrium of the system may undergo a number of stability switches with an increase of time delay, and then becomes unstable forever. At each critical value of time delay for which the system changes its stability, a generic Hopf bifurcation occurs and a periodic motion emerges in a one-sided neighbourhood of the critical time delay. The method of Fredholm alternative is applied to determine the bifurcating periodic motions and their stability. It stresses on the effect of the system parameters on the stable regions and the amplitudes of the bifurcating periodic solutions.

By means of the frozen time approach and the Kronecker product, two criteria of asymptotic stability are derived for the linear, time variant dynamic systems with either short time delays or with weak feedback involving arbitrary time delays, respectively. It is found that the asymptotic stability of these retarded dynamic systems is governed by the maximal and minimal singular values of the coefficient matrices and their time derivatives.