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We consider a many-body Bosonic system with pairwise particle interaction given by $$N^{3\beta -1}v(N^\beta x)$$ where $$0

Gastric cancer (GC) is a high-incidence cancer worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, by which time they have limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and precise treatment are important. In the past few years, emerging research has been conducted on the use of non-invasive liquid biopsy, with its advantages of minimal invasiveness and repeated sampling, to monitor tumor occurrence and recurrence in real time and to evaluate prognosis and treatment response. Many studies have demonstrated the potential of liquid biopsy in GC, and the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating free DNA (cfDNA), and exosomes has achieved gratifying results. In this review, we summarize evolving technologies for and information regarding liquid biopsy, the most recently discovered GC liquid biopsy biomarkers, and ongoing clinical trials and discuss the challenges and application prospects of liquid biopsy in GC.

Thyroid damage occurs during experimental iodine-deficient goiter and involution with iodine supplementation. This study investigated the dynamic microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profiles in iodine-deficient thyroids during adequate and excessive iodine supplementation. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, low-iodine (LI), LI-1I, and LI-2I groups. The LI-1I and LI-2I groups were fed a LI diet for 12 weeks, followed by a onefold (adequate) or twofold (excessive) physiological dose of iodine for 4 weeks to induce involution. The miRNA expression profiles were evaluated and the potential functions of the differentially expressed miRNAs identified were explored. In the LI group, 20 miRNAs were downregulated and 8 were upregulated. After involution, 21 miRNAs recovered to the control group levels in the LI-1I group, which was more than the 17 that recovered in the LI-2I group. In addition, 8 new differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the LI-1I group, which was less than the 13 found in the LI-2I group. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that all differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in different processes and pathways, such as autoimmune thyroid disease and the Ras signaling pathway. Differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in iodine-deficient goiter formation and involution. Supplementation with adequate, not excessive, iodine may be more beneficial to restore homeostasis.

Nanoscale ionic materials(NIMS) based on carbon black(CB) were prepared through a facile method. Firstly, CB was oxidized in the mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, resulting in a large amounts of -COOH on surface of CB. Then oxidized CB was grafted by polyetheramine through neutralization reaction between -COOH of CB and -NH2-of polyetheramine, and CB derivatives were obtained. This surface-functionalized CB can behave as liquid at ambient temperature in the absence of solvent by carefully varying the components. FTIR and thermaogravimetric analysis confirmed that the successively grafting of polyetheramine. TEM revealed the monodisperse core-shell structure of CB derivatives particles. The viscoelasticity of CB derivatives were closely related to the molecular weight and loading of polyetheramine. The unique core-shell and ionic structure and flowability of these CB derivatives could guide our future work on obtaining NIMs with tunable and controllable properties and broaden its commercial applications.

Adapting to a new behavior is challenging when previous habits dominate one’s behavioral patterns. We examined the effects of a brief 6-min mindfulness induction on the acquisition of a new behavior (moving computer mouse cursor with its direction reversed) and the extent to which it disengaged previous habits (moving computer mouse cursor as per normal). Thirty-one participants were randomly assigned either to experimental or control groups. They were asked to perform a computer-based target-clicking task during which mouse direction was normal and reversed for separate sets of trials before and after the manipulation. The 2- (time; pre-test vs. post-test) by-2 (condition; mindfulness induction vs. control condition) mixed ANOVA results showed that there was no significant interaction between time and condition for both old and new behaviors. However, a significant interaction between time and condition was found in terms of number of mistakes made while initiating movements for the trials in the normal mouse orientation (old behavior). This finding suggests that a brief mindfulness induction may have weakened existing habits. Future studies could examine the effects of mindfulness induction on real-life tasks where performance measurement is also possible, such as text typing, to see if learning to type on an unfamiliar keyboard weakens existing typing habits after mindfulness induction.

The temperature memory effect (TME) in differential scanning calorimeter test of a thermoplastic polyurethane is investigated in two ways: one is termed TME1, in which the material is cooled down for full crystallization during thermal cycling; while the other is termed TME2, in which the material is cooled, but before any crystallization occurs. In the case of single heating stop temperature (Ts), for TME1, the temperature gap (△T) is almost a constant; while for TME2, △T roughly increases in a linear manner with the increase of Ts. We also extend the study to multiple heating stops (upon to four stops) in TME2. It is confirmed that a higher heating stop temperature is able to eliminate the influence of the previous heating cycles if their corresponding heating stop temperature is lower. It is concluded that in all tests (for both TME1 and TME2), △T may be estimated as Ts + 1.6 °C with an accuracy of about ±0.5 °C or 4.1 %. A schematic sketch to reveal the origin of △T is presented.

This paper describes a short range target location system based on the range difference information of a T-R4 multistatic radar system with FMCW signal. A new method is proposed to determine the location and length of a thin cylindrical target making use of the high resolution of wide band FMCW signal and the spectrum characteristics of the target echo. Formulae are derived for target location and its length estimation being independent of the transmitter position. System performances are simulated with the proposed algorithm and the results are given for various situations.

The chipping process in a brittle material subjected to a uniformly applied edge load has been investi- gated. The present analysis extends earlier work by recognizing that as the chip is formed it may bend and change the loading at the crack tip. This geometry change introduces a nonlinear effect and has significant influence on the phenomenon. The nonlinear effect was demonstrated by incorporating it into an analytical model for a crack propagating along an interface parallel to the free surface. A finite-element analysis was then conducted to examine the crack trajectory formed in a homogeneous material. This numerical analysis showed that the crack reaches a maximum depth, and then deviates back to the free surface to form a spall. The form of this trajectory results from the additional bending moment acting at the crack tip induced by the bending of the chip and the consequent displacement of the applied load. The length of the spall was found to be approximately proportional to the square root of O Ed 5=2 =KIC ,w here K I C is the fracture toughness of the material, O E is the appropriate modulus of the material, and d is the depth over which the edge load is applied.

A Taiwan-based team led by Kuei-Hsien Chen has improved the room-temperature gas-sensing properties of silica nanowire-based systems by incorporating gold nanoparticles inside the nanowire in a ‘peas-in-a-pod’ manner. Upon shining light on the device, surface plasmon resonance occurs at gold nanoparticles that absorb the visible light (from a 532 nm laser) at room temperature. Under this irradiation, a gold-embedded silica nanowire undergoes photogeneration of electrons and holes at a higher rate than its plain silica counterpart. As a result, the nanowire's conductivity is enhanced and the sensing of oxygen at the wire's surface is facilitated by the molecule's interaction with photogenerated electrons, while its recovery (desorption) is improved by the presence of the holes. As neither gold nor silica nanoparticles are known to be toxic, the gold-silica nanowire system holds promise for measuring oxygen in biological and medical applications.

This paper describes the retrieval procedure of liquid water content (LWC) in cloud or rainfall distribution by a combination of microwave radiometry and radar and its numerical simulation. The performance of a combined dual-wavelength (35.0 & 9.375 GHz) radar-radiometer system for the remote sensing of cloud LWC and rainfall is given. During the two summers of 1980 and 1981, the preliminary observations of different clouds and storms by the combined system and combined radar-radiometric cloud and rain parameter retrievals are carried out. Research results show that by the use of the combined radarradiometric method, improvement are obtained in accuracy of rms LWC and rainfall over the pure radiometric technique or the radar alone.

The principle and technique of real-time remote sensing of the layered atmospheric precipitable by using a ground-based radiometer of 1.35 cm wavelength with a microcomputer as a controlling and data processing unit are presented. The stability and calibration of the instrument are outlined. Observations during the summer of 1984 show that the RMS deviation of the layered precipitable between the radiometer measurement and the radiosonde ranges from 0.20 to 0.25 g/cm2 with a correlation coefficient of above 90%.