Search

To assess the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic versus open repair of congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (CDO).A literature search was conducted to identify studies that compared laparoscopic surgery (LS) and open surgery (OS) for neonates with CDO. Meta-analysis was used to pool and compare variables such as operative time, time to feeding, length of hospital stay, anastomotic leak or stricture, postoperative ileus, wound infection, and overall postoperative complications.Among the 1348 neonatal participants with CDO in the ten studies, 304 received LS and 1044 received OS. When compared to the OS approach, the LS approach resulted in shorter hospital stays, faster time to initial and full feeding, longer operative time, and less wound infection. However, no significant difference in secondary outcomes such as anastomotic leak or stricture, postoperative ileus, and overall postoperative complications was found between LS and OS.LS is a safe, feasible and effective surgical procedure for neonatal CDO when compared to OS. Compared with OS, LS has a faster time to feeding, a shorter hospital stay, and less wound infection. Furthermore, in terms of anastomotic leak or stricture, postoperative ileus, and overall postoperative complications, LS is equivalent to OS. We conclude that LS should be considered an acceptable option for CDO.

Background Studies of the associations between soft drinks and the risk of cancer showed inconsistent results. No previous published systematic reviews and meta-analysis has investigated a dose–response association between exposure dose and cancer risk or assessed the certainty of currently available evidence. Therefore, we aim to demonstrate the associations and assessed the certainty of the evidence to show our confidence in the associations. Methods We searched Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to Jun 2022, to include relevant prospective cohort studies. We used a restricted cubic spline model to conduct a dose–response meta-analysis and calculated the absolute effect estimates to present the results. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. Results Forty-two articles including on 37 cohorts enrolled 4,518,547 participants were included. With low certainty evidence, increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) per 250 mL/day was significantly associated with a 17% greater risk of breast cancer, a 10% greater risk of colorectal cancer, a 30% greater risk of biliary tract cancer, and a 10% greater risk of prostate cancer; increased consumption of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs)re per 250 mL/day was significantly associated with a 16% greater risk of leukemia; increased consumption of 100% fruit juice per 250 mL/day was significantly associated with a 31% greater risk of overall cancer, 22% greater risk of melanoma, 2% greater risk of squamous cell carcinoma, and 29% greater risk of thyroid cancer. The associations with other specific cancer were no significant. We found linear dose–response associations between consumption of SSBs and the risk of breast and kidney cancer, and between consumption of ASBs and 100% fruit juices and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Conclusions An increment in consumption of SSBs of 250 mL/day was positively associated with increased risk of breast, colorectal, and biliary tract cancer. Fruit juices consumption was also positively associated with the risk of overall cancer, thyroid cancer, and melanoma. The magnitude of absolute effects, however, was small and mainly based on low or very low certainty of evidence. The association of ASBs consumption with specific cancer risk was uncertain. Trial registration PROSPERO: CRD42020152223

Background Glomerular disease, including immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis, is one of the most common kidney diseases in children. The diagnosis of these diseases depends on pathological biopsy, although this procedure is seriously limited by its invasive and high-risk nature. Objective To investigate the potential of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for evaluating the histopathological severity of IgAN and Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). Materials and methods We investigated a total of 13 children with IgAN and 12 children with HSPN confirmed by renal histopathology. We reevaluated the pathological lesions of the children according to the Oxford classification and the Lee grading system and then all the children underwent CEUS. Using SonoLiver software, we constructed time–intensity curves of CEUS for regions of interest in the renal cortex. We analyzed CEUS quantitative parameters for IgAN and HSPN and used Spearman correlation analysis to examine the correlation between CEUS parameters and clinicopathological indexes in the study cohort. Results The CEUS parameters rise time (RT) and time to peak (TTP) were significantly higher in children with Lee grade IV than in those with Lee grades II or III. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between rise time and time to peak with Lee grade in the overall cohort of children, and a positive correlation between rise time and time to peak and severity of crescents in the Oxford classification scoring system. Conclusion Contrast-enhanced US may be used as a noninvasive imaging technique to evaluate the severity of renal pathology and formation of crescents in children with IgAN and HSPN.

Previous studies have found that acute stress can modulate response inhibition. However, the effect of chronic stress on response inhibition has not been investigated. A major examination was adopted as a chronic stressor in this study. Both the stress and control groups performed a modified Go/Nogo task. In each trial, a probe stimulus (left or right arrow) was presented immediately after the Go/Nogo task. The probe reaction time (RT) was used as an index of cognitive load during the task. Event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by Go/Nogo stimuli were investigated. The RTs for the Go stimulus and the probe stimulus were shorter for the stress group than for the control group. This superior performance by stressed participants might suggest a promoted task processing efficiency during the dual task under stress. A smaller probe RT effect (RT

To compare the efficacy of high-frequency ultrasound and X-ray contrast enema in the diagnosis of colonic strictures after necrotizing enterocolitis.This study included pediatric patients who developed progressive abdominal distension or constipation after conservative treatment for necrotizing enterocolitis at our hospital between June 2012 and April 2020. All patients had high-frequency ultrasounds and X-ray contrast enema, and we used surgery, pathology, and telephone return visits as the reference standard. Patients with colonic strictures were confirmed by surgery and pathology. A patient was considered without colonic stricture if no stricture was reported or did not have related symptoms during telephone return visits. The areas under the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used as evaluation indexes to compare the differential efficacy of high-frequency ultrasound and X-ray contrast enema.A total of 81 patients have been included in this study. Among them, 49 patients were diagnosed with colonic strictures after necrotizing enterocolitis. The AUCs for high-frequency ultrasound and X-ray contrast enema were 0.990 vs 0.938, respectively (p 0.05).The diagnostic efficacy of high-frequency ultrasound was similar to that of X-ray contrast enema, furthermore this study also demonstrates the benefits of using high-frequency ultrasound to identify colonic strictures after necrotizing enterocolitis.

Mammalian male germ cell development is a stepwise cell-fate transition process; however, the full-term developmental profile of male germ cells remains undefined. Here, by interrogating the high-precision transcriptome atlas of 11,598 cells covering 28 critical time-points, we demonstrate that cell-fate transition from mitotic to post-mitotic primordial germ cells is accompanied by transcriptome-scale reconfiguration and a transitional cell state. Notch signaling pathway is essential for initiating mitotic arrest and the maintenance of male germ cells’ identities. Ablation of HELQ induces developmental arrest and abnormal transcriptome reprogramming of male germ cells, indicating the importance of cell cycle regulation for proper cell-fate transition. Finally, systematic human-mouse comparison reveals potential regulators whose deficiency contributed to human male infertility via mitotic arrest regulation. Collectively, our study provides an accurate and comprehensive transcriptome atlas of the male germline cycle and allows for an in-depth understanding of the cell-fate transition and determination underlying male germ cell development., The full-term developmental profile of male germ cells remains undefined. Here, the authors use single-cell sequencing to investigate the transcriptome landscapes of mouse male germ cells throughout development and find several critical regulators for prenatal cell-fate determination.

The CeO2/Co3O4 catalysts were prepared via the microemulsion method, and characterized by XRD, BET, H2-TPR and TG–DSC techniques. It is found that the low precursor concentration can form high surface area when preparing the Co3O4 supports, which is favorable for the dispersion of CeO2 to generate CeO2 particles with small crystallite sizes. The good reducibility not only produces more metallic cobalt to improve CH4/CO2 reforming, but also helps CeO2 realize the redox cycle via the mobility of lattice oxygen. The 0.2PCCeO2/Co3O4 has better catalytic performance due to its small crystallite sizes of CeO2, high surface area and good reducibility. For 0.2PCCeO2/Co3O4 and 0.3PCCeO2/Co3O4, it is possible that the Co2+ or Co3+ enters CeO2 lattice, resulting in a contraction of CeO2 d-spacing. For 0.4PCCeO2/Co3O4, an expansion of CeO2 d-spacing might be from the formation of new phase, which is named as the difficult-reduction cobalt species. The new phase is visible when the precursor concentration increases to 0.5 M in the 0.5PCCeO2/Co3O4.