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With the booming development of artificial intelligence (AI), a series of relevant applications are emerging and promoting an all-rounded reform of the industry. As the major technology of AI, machine learning (ML) shows great potential in solving network challenges. Network optimization, in return, brings significant performance gains for ML applications, in particular distributed machine learning. In this paper, we conduct a survey on combining ML technologies with network research.

Grout plays an important role in the transmission and maintenance of anchoring force, and in the protection of anchorage materials against corrosion. Thus, the hardening characteristics of grout directly affect the anchoring effectivity and long-term reliability. We have excavated a prestressed anchorage which has been in service for 20 years, and have tested the grout which has worked for that long period under complicated geological conditions through strength tests and have analyzed its mineral composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The results show that the mineral composition of the 12.5 m segment differs from other segments, and corresponds with poor coagulation characteristics of the 12.5 m segment grout. Analysis shows that unhydrated tricalcium silicate may be the reason for the localized poor coagulation.

Craniorachischisis is a rare but severe birth defect that results in a completely open neural tube. Mouse mutants in planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling components have deficits in the morphological movements of convergent extension that result in craniorachischisis. Using a forward genetic screen in mice, we identified Sec24b, a cargo-sorting member of the core complex of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport vesicle COPII, as critical for neural tube closure. Sec24bY613 mutant mice exhibit craniorachischisis, deficiencies in convergent extension and other PCP-related phenotypes. Vangl2, a key component of the PCP-signalling pathway critical for convergent extension, is selectively sorted into COPII vesicles by Sec24b. Moreover, Sec24bY613 genetically interacts with a loss-of-function Vangl2 allele (Vangl2LP), causing a marked increase in the prevalence of spina bifida. Interestingly, the Vangl2 looptail point mutants Vangl2D255E and Vangl2S464N, known to cause defects in convergent extension, fail to sort into COPII vesicles and are trapped in the ER. Thus, during COPII vesicle formation, Sec24b shows cargo specificity for a core PCP component, Vangl2, of which proper ER-to-Golgi transport is essential for the establishment of PCP, convergent extension and closure of the neural tube.

Receptors for Wingless and other signalling molecules of the Wnt gene family have yet to be identified. We show here that cultured Drosophila cells transfected with a novel member of the frizzled gene family in Drosophila, Dfz2, respond to added Wingless protein by elevating the level of the Armadillo protein. Moreover, Wingless binds to Drosophila or human cells expressing Dfz2. These data demonstrate that Dfz2 functions as a Wingless receptor, and they imply, in general, that Frizzled proteins are receptors for the Wnt signalling molecules.

Two β-secretases, BACE1 and BACE2, are involved in generation of Alzheimer's disease Aβ peptides1,2,3. We report that secretion of Aβ peptides (Aβ1–40/42 and Aβ11–40/42) is abolished in cultures of BACE1-deficient embryonic cortical neurons, and that whereas both human and murine BACE1 can cleave either human or murine β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the +1 site of Aβ, cleavage at the +11 site is species specific. We establish that BACE1 is the principal neuronal protease required to cleave APP at +1 and +11 sites that generate N-termini of Aβ.