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Despite the burgeoning literature on adolescent internet addiction (IA), the majority of studies have relied on cross-sectional designs and variable-centered analytical approaches. Therefore, little is understood about the heterogeneous developmental trajectories of adolescent IA as well as its antecedents and outcomes. This longitudinal study adopted growth mixture modeling (GMM), a person-centered approach, to identify the distinct trajectories of IA among adolescents during a three-year period. We further examined the interpersonal predictors along with a series of outcomes of different trajectories. Participants included 1,365 Chinese adolescents (M

A novel stem cell delivery core-shell biomass microcapsule was generated by an all-aqueous phase microfluidic electrospray technique.Microcapsule with a certain mechanical strength and porous structure is beneficial for substances exchange between cells and the external environment, together with avoiding cell damage during treatment.Core-shell microcapsule provided a favorable cell growth microenvironment, which mimics a physicochemical microenvironment and protects the cells from the immune attack from body. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00747-8., Bone defects caused by trauma, tumor, or osteoarthritis remain challenging due to the lack of effective treatments in clinic. Stem cell transplantation has emerged as an alternative approach for bone repair and attracted widespread attention owing to its excellent biological activities and therapy effect. The attempts to develop this therapeutic approach focus on the generation of effective cell delivery vehicles, since the shortcomings of direct injection of stem cells into target tissues. Here, we developed a novel core-shell microcapsule with a stem cell-laden core and a biomass shell by using all-aqueous phase microfluidic electrospray technology. The designed core-shell microcapsules showed a high cell viability during the culture procedure. In addition, the animal experiments exhibited that stem cell-laden core-shell microcapsules have good biocompatibility and therapeutic effect for bone defects. This study indicated that the core-shell biomass microcapsules generated by microfluidic electrospray have promising potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00747-8.

Interleukin-22 (IL22) has been implicated in inflammation and tumorigenesis. The association between IL22 gene polymorphisms and cancer risk has been widely explored. However, the limited sample sizes of previous studies may produce inadequate statistical power and conflicting results, which calls for further investigations. In this study, we recruited a total of 1490 cancer patients (480 liver cancer patients, 550 lung cancer patients, and 460 gastric cancer patients) and 800 normal controls to explore the associations between IL22 gene polymorphisms (rs1179251, rs2227485, rs2227511, and rs2227473) and cancer risk. The genotyping was performed with polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and Sanger sequencing. Our results showed that none of the four IL22 gene polymorphisms was associated with the risk of liver, lung or gastric cancer in Hubei Han Chinese population. To improve the statistical strength, a meta-analysis was further conducted. The results further confirmed our present findings and showed that rs1179251, rs2227485, and rs2227473 were not associated with cancer risk in total or stratified analysis. Consequently, the rs1179251, rs2227485, rs2227511, and rs2227473 polymorphisms may not be associated with cancer risk. However, further investigations using larger samples in different ethnic populations are required.

Microcarriers have attracted increasing interests in drug delivery. In order to develop this technique, it is prone to focus on the generation of functional particles through using simple approaches and novel but accessible materials. Here, inspired by the formation mechanism of tofu that through the mixing of soymilk and brine for cross-linking soybean proteins, we present novel soybean protein microcarriers by using microfluidic generation approach for drug delivery. Since the soybean protein droplets are generated by microfluidic emulsification method, the tofu microparticles present highly monodisperse and homogeneous morphologies. Because of the excellent biocompatibility of the soybean protein and the interconnected porous structures throughout the whole microparticles after freeze-drying, various kinds of drugs and active molecules could be absorbed and loaded in the microcarriers, which makes them versatile for drug delivery. It can be anticipated that the microfluidic-generated tofu microcarriers will have great potential in the biomedical field.

Microparticles have a demonstrated value for drug delivery systems. The attempts to develop this technology focus on the generation of featured microparticles for improving the function of the systems. Here, we present a new type of microparticles with gelatin methacrylate (GelMa) cores and poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) shells for synergistic and sustained drug delivery applications. The microparticles were fabricated by using GelMa aqueous solution and PLGA oil solution as the raw materials of the microfluidic double emulsion templates, in which hydrophilic and hydrophobic actives, such as doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX, hydrophilic) and camptothecine (CPT, hydrophobic), could be loaded respectively. As the inner cores were polymerized in the microfluidics when the double emulsions were formed, the hydrophilic actives could be trapped in the cores with high efficiency, and the rupture or fusion of the cores could be avoided during the solidification of the microparticle shells with other actives. The size and component of the microparticles can be easily and precisely adjusted by manipulating the flow solutions during the microfluidic emulsification. Because of the solid structure of the resultant microparticles, the encapsulated actives were released from the delivery systems only with the degradation of the biopolymer layers, and thus the burst release of the actives was avoided. These features of the microparticles make them ideal for drug delivery applications.

Human embryonic stem cells (hES cells) are pluripotent and provide a unique, unlimited resource for human hepatocytes, which can serve as a novel cell source for cell transplantation and bioartificial liver (BAL). Here, we have developed a procedure by which hES cells can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. After being cultured in suspension in bacteriological petri dishes for 7 d, hES cells developed into cystic embryoid bodies (EBs). The EBs were then cultured in conditional medium containing dexamethasone and insulin in collagen type l-coated tissue culture dishes for two weeks. The hES cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) displayed some morphologic characteristics of hepatocytes. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence cell staining proved that the induced HLCs expressed several hepatocyte specific genes including AFP, ALB, CYP1B1 and cytokeratins CK18 and CK19. Furthermore, the induced cells executed a range of hepatocyte functions, such as ICG uptake/excretion, glycogen deposits, albumin production and ammonium metabolism. Taken together, our results show that HLCs exhibit similar morphologic, phenotypic, and functional characteristics to hepatocytes.

Background We recently developed a new method to induce human stem cells (hESCs) differentiation into hematopoietic progenitors by cell extract treatment. Here, we report an efficient strategy to generate erythroid progenitors from hESCs using cell extract from human fetal liver tissue (hFLT) with cytokines. Human embryoid bodies (hEBs) obtained of human H1 hESCs were treated with cell extract from hFLT and co-cultured with human fetal liver stromal cells (hFLSCs) feeder to induce hematopoietic cells. After the 11 days of treatment, hEBs were isolated and transplanted into liquid medium with hematopoietic cytokines for erythroid differentiation. Characteristics of the erythroid cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, Wright-Giemsa staining, real-time RT-PCR and related functional assays. Results The erythroid cells produced from hEBs could differentiate into enucleated cells and expressed globins in a time-dependent manner. They expressed not only embryonic globins but also the adult-globin with the maturation of the erythroid cells. In addition, our data showed that the hEBs-derived erythroid cells were able to act as oxygen carriers, indicating that hESCs could generate functional mature erythroid cells. Conclusion Cell extract exposure with the addition of cytokines resulted in robust erythroid -like differentiation of hEBs and these hEBs-derived erythroid cells possessed functions similar to mature red blood cells.