Search

This research aims to test the suitability of a blend of Camelina sativa biodiesel and acetylated diethyl ether as fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines in terms of engine emission, performance, and combustion properties. A Kiloskar TV 1 diesel engine was used to test the fuel samples: Camelina sativa biodiesel (71% v/v) and dimethyl ether blend (29% v/v) (CD), Camelina sativa biodiesel (71% v/v), diethyl ether (20% v/v), and acetylene (9% v/v) (CDA), and conventional diesel. Based on the analyses, the CDA and CD gave higher BTEs of 4.8 and 3.7% than the diesel fuels. The heat release rates (HRRs) were higher than those recorded for the conventional diesel with a longer combustion duration for the blends. Moreover, the CDA fuel gave the lowest CO2, HC, CO, smoke, and NOx emissions. The resulting peak emissions for the blends are in the following increasing order: unburnt HC (CDA (97) more...

New porous chelating resin beads CPN-IDA were prepared by the reaction of poly (acrylonitrile-co-N,N'- methylenebisacrylamide) with etheylenediamine and sodium chloroacetate, respectively. The composition and morphology of the chelating resin was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA and DrTGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),surface area measurements by N2adsorption (SBET) and water regain (w%). Batch adsorption experiments were employed to study the impact of some factors that control the adsorption of metal ions including solution pH, concentration of metal ions, contact time and the temperature of the solution. Batch sorption results showed that the chelating resin had high affinity towards Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II). The saturated adsorption capacity at 25 oC was 2.43, 1.93 and 1.45mmolg−1 resin for Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. Among the empirical isotherm models, the equilibrium adsorption results were obviously fitted with Langmuir model. The kinetics was analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion equations. The adsorption kinetic data were well elucidated with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated for the uptake of the metal ions under study and it was found to be a spontaneous process. Moreover, the adsorption of metal ions has been studied using column technique. The regeneration of CPN-IDA was experimentally performed by using nitric acid. The chelating resin was used repeatedly for five times with a little decrease in sorption of metal ions. more...

Organic microporous materials based on spiroketal and spirothioketal polymers were synthesized through 1,3-dioxol-forming polymerization reaction between pentaerythritol or pentaerythritol tetrathiol and different types of cyclohexa-1,4-dione derivatives. The structure of the prepared polymers was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and molecular mass measurements. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms of the prepared polymers show a large amount of nitrogen adsorbed at low relative pressure indicating microporosity. These polymers have Brunauer Emmitt and Teller (BET) surface areas in the range from 492 (m2 g−1) to 685 (m2 g−1). The prepared polymers were found to be useful for pervaporation separation of methanol-toluene mixture with a separation factor up to 12.5 and fluxes, varying between 6.7 × 10−3 kg/(m2 h) and 13.4 × 10−3 kg/(m2 h). more...