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50 results on '"Zhang, Xiaoke"'

8. A review on recent progress of thermionic cathode

Author

Li Shilei, Zhang Xiaoke, Junyan Gao, Jinshu Wang, Yunfei Yang, and Peng Hu

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Metals and Alloys, Thermionic emission, Electron, Hot cathode, Engineering physics, Cathode, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, law.invention, law, Metallic materials, Materials Chemistry
Abstract

As the performance of vacuum electron devices is essentially governed by the properties of their cathodes, developing efficient and durable thermionic cathode is necessary and highly desired to meet the boosting requirements of vacuum electron devices. This review summarized the progress made in the past decades with a detailed discussion on the occurred various thermionic cathodes and their features, and the understandings of the correlation between the emission properties and the composition, where structure and synthesis method are well illustrated. Furthermore, dispenser cathodes with novel structures and emission mechanism are highlighted to indicate the recent achievement in this area of research, and Sc-cathode is considered as a promising candidate for the next-generation vacuum electron devices due to the greatly improved efficiency. However, challenges still exist to meet the ever-growing demands of thermionic cathode with collaborative requirement of high performance, easy fabrication and inadequate reproducibility.

Published
2020

23. Baseline sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea and risk assessment of developing resistance to the novel fungicide Y5247

Author

Ji-Wang, Dong-Xia Wu, Zhang Xiaoke, Jianxin Wang, Mingguo Zhou, and Changjun Chen

Subjects
Carbendazim, Plant Science, Fludioxonil, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Fungicide, Horticulture, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Azoxystrobin, Botany, Ultraviolet light, Procymidone, Fluazinam, Botrytis cinerea
Abstract

Y5247 (development code no.), a quinone-outsider-inhibitor (QoI), is a novel fungicide with a broad-spectrum of fungicidal activity against plant filamentous fungi, including B. cinerea. Compared to azoxystrobin, Y5247 had a stronger inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of B. cinerea. The baseline sensitivity of 100 strains showed the EC50 values for Y5247 inhibiting mycelial growth of B. cinerea ranged from 0.0033 to 0.3921 μg/mL with a mean of 0.0859 (±0.0788) μg/mL and the frequency distribution of EC50 values was unimodal. Mutants with stable resistance to Y5247 were not obtained following exposure to ultraviolet light or chemical mutagenesis. However, strains resistant to Y5247 were collected from greenhouses where other QoI fungicides had frequently been sprayed to control gray mold of strawberry. Among the Y5247-resistant strains, EC50 values for Y5247 and other QoIs, including azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin, were positively correlated. No cross-resistance was detected between Y5247 and the other fungicides with different modes of action such as carbendazim, diethofencarb, boscalid, fluazinam, procymidone, and fludioxonil. The Y5247-resistant strains showed comparable fitness in mycelial growth, sporulation and pathogenicity to that of Y5247-sensitive strains. The risk of B. cinerea developing resistance to Y5247 was assessed as high. Analysis of cytb in B. cinerea showed that all the Y5247-sensitive and resistant strains carried the type II cytb (which lacks the intron Bcbi-143/144) and the point mutation G143A occurred in all the resistant strains tested.

Published
2014

24. Hygrothermal aging properties, molding and abrasion resistance of bamboo keyboard

Author

Feng Xuquan, Deng Jianchao, Chen Fuming, Qin Daochun, Zhang Xiaoke, and Wang Ge

Subjects
Bamboo, Mildew, Materials science, biology, Abrasion (mechanical), Varnish, Forestry, Molding (process), biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, visual_art, Mold, visual_art.visual_art_medium, medicine, General Materials Science, Composite material, Swelling, medicine.symptom, Shrinkage
Abstract

Bamboo keyboards made from bamboo panels are exposed to the influence of mold infection, hygrothermal environment and repeated wear. Mold resistance and hygrothermal aging properties of bamboo keyboard under different treatments were investigated. The abrasion resistance was experimentally studied and compared between bamboo keyboard and plastic keyboard. The results indicated that the bamboo keyboard treated with H2O2 exhibited the best mold resistance, followed by that treated with varnish, and then came the ones with mildew preventive treatment and the control specimens. Although hardly visible to the naked eye after 4 weeks of mold infection test, mold was observed on most plastic keyboards through microscopic examination. For aging test, the shrinkage ratio of bamboo keystroke was 0.34, 0.46 and 0.62 % after high and low temperature (HLT) treatment, while the swelling ratio was 0.01, 1.14 and 1.93 % after constant temperature and humidity (CTH) treatment, respectively. Similar trend in the ratio of dimensional change was observed in terms of both drying shrinkage and hydroscopic swelling: thickness direction > perpendicular-to-grain direction > grain direction. By manual observation, the bamboo keyboard had an advantage over plastic keyboards in terms of the adaptability to an environment of changing temperature. For abrasion test, the wear point of bamboo keyboard was 650 r and that of plastic 150 r indicating that bamboo keyboards performed better in terms of abrasion resistance than plastic ones.

Published
2014

31. A rapid detection method for the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)

Author

Zhang Xiaoke, Yabing Duan, Mingguo Zhou, Changyan Ge, and Jianxin Wang

Subjects
Detection limit, Gel electrophoresis, genetic structures, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, Plant Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, eye diseases, Microbiology, genomic DNA, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Hydroxynaphthol blue, sense organs, Pathogen, DNA
Abstract

The ascomycete Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating plant pathogen with a very broad host range. In this study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the Ssos5 sequence for visual detection of S. sclerotiorum. The LAMP reaction was optimal at 63 °C for 45 min. When hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) was added before amplification, samples with S. sclerotiorum DNA developed a characteristic sky blue colour but those without DNA or with the DNA of nine other plant-pathogenic fungi did not. Results obtained with LAMP and HNB were confirmed when LAMP products were subjected to gel electrophoresis. The detection limit of this LAMP assay for S. sclerotiorum was 0.1 fg μL−1 of genomic DNA per reaction, while that of conventional PCR was 100 fg μL−1. Detection results were identical when 13 samples of rapeseed tissue infected with S. sclerotiorum were subjected to LAMP, conventional PCR, and conventional isolation. Because the LAMP assay reported here is simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific, it should be valuable for the detection of S. sclerotiorum in quarantine efforts and field surveys.

Published
2013

36. Development and application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of the F167Y mutation of carbendazim-resistant isolates in Fusarium graminearum

Author

Yabing Duan, Changyan Ge, Jianxin Wang, Zhang Xiaoke, Cao Junhong, Yong Wang, Xiaojing Jia, and Mingguo Zhou

Subjects
Molecular Sequence Data, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, Gene Expression, Biology, Article, Fungal Proteins, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fusarium, Naphthalenesulfonates, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Tubulin, Point Mutation, Protein Isoforms, Coloring Agents, Triticum, DNA Primers, Plant Diseases, Gel electrophoresis, Genetics, Fungal protein, Multidisciplinary, Base Sequence, Point mutation, Fungal genetics, Nucleic acid amplification technique, Molecular biology, Fungicides, Industrial, Hydroxynaphthol blue, chemistry, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Benzimidazoles, Carbamates, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Abstract

Resistance of Fusarium graminearum to carbendazim is caused by point mutations in the β2-tubulin gene. The point mutation at codon 167 (TTT → TAT, F167Y) occurs in more than 90% of field resistant isolates in China. To establish a suitable method for rapid detection of the F167Y mutation in F. graminearum, an efficient and simple method with high specificity was developed based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). A set of four primers was designed and optimized to specially distinguish the F167Y mutation genotype. The LAMP reaction was optimal at 63°C for 60 min. When hydroxynaphthol blue dye (HNB) was added prior to amplification, samples with DNA of the F167Y mutation developed a characteristic sky blue color after the reaction but those without DNA or with different DNA did not. Results of HNB staining method were reconfirmed by gel electrophoresis. The developed LAMP had good specificity, stability and repeatability and was suitable for monitoring carbendazim-resistance populations of F. graminearum in agricultural production.

Published
2014

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