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Background Oral administration of insulin (INS) could be absorbed into systemic circulation only if the carrier protected it from the hostile gastrointestinal conditions. However, traditional macromolecular carriers have not totally overcome challenges in addressing these biological barriers. Result In this study, inspired by small molecule natural products (SMNPs), we demonstrate the multi-functional self-assembly nanoparticles (BA-Al NPs) originating from baicalin (BA) and AlCl3 through coordination bonds and hydrogen bonds. As a novel carrier for oral insulin delivery (INS@BA-Al NPs), it displayed effective capacity in pH stimuli-responsive insulin release, intestinal mucoadhesion and transepithelial absorption enhance. Meanwhile, BA improved the paracellular permeability for insulin absorption, because of its downregulation at both mRNA and protein level on internal tight junction proteins. In vivo experiments exhibited remarkable bioavailability of INS and an ideal glucose homeostasis in the type I diabetic rat model. Conclusion This study offers a novel frontier of multi-functional carriers based on SMNPs with self-assembly character and bioactivity, which could be a promising strategy for diabetes therapy. Graphical Abstract

The Microbial Prospecting of Oil and Gas (MPOG) is applied to the matured development area in the Satellite Oilfield in Daqing for the first time. And with the MPOG, the hydrocarbon accumulation regulation controlled by faults is interpreted, and the matured development area is extended out to western part. At the same time, four microbial anomalies are discovered. The MPOG results were verified by the hydrocarbon-bearing conditions of the 10 drilled wells within the following half a year, and the consistent rate is up to 80%, which add about 300×104 t of the explored petroleum-in-place. Through study and successful application of MPOG to the Satellite Oilfield, the basis of the application from the exploration to development field is substantially established, and standard system of microbial anomaly is more precisely built for the Satellite Oilfield, which provided an effective explanatory item for the studied and adjacent region, even for the whole Songliao Basin, and also a new technique for complicated reservoirs, especially for the later stage development of litho-reservoirs in China. Therefore, it must have profound influence upon the oil and gas exploration, especially upon the remaining oil, extension and reserves addition of the developed area in China.