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Urolithiasis was a global disease and it was more common in southern China. This study looked into the association between daily temperature and urolithiasis hospital admissions in Ganzhou, a large prefecture-level city in southern China. In Ganzhou City from 2016 to 2019, a total of 60,881 hospitalized cases for urolithiasis from 69 hospitals and meteorological data were gathered. The effect of high ambient temperature on urolithiasis hospital admissions was estimated using a distributed lag nonlinear model. Stratified analysis was done to examine sex differences. The study found that in Ganzhou of China, the exposure-response curves approximated a "J" shape which across genders were basically similar. The maximum lag effect occurred on the second day after high temperatures for males but on the third day for females. Compared to the 10 °C reference temperature and considering the cumulative lag effect of 10 days, the relative risks of the daily mean temperature at the 95th percentile on the total, male, and female hospital admissions for urolithiasis were 2.026 (95% CI: 1.628, 2.521), 2.041 (95% CI: 1.603, 2.598), and 2.030 (95% CI: 1.552, 2.655), respectively, but the relative risks between sex were not statistically significant (p = 0.977). Urolithiasis morbidity risk in China could be exacerbated by high temperatures. The effect of high temperature on urolithiasis was similar across genders.

The ageing in the mid-face involves volume deficiency in multiple anatomical units, including the zygomatic arch, infraorbital region, medial and lateral cheek and nasolabial fold (NLF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is extensively used in the minimally invasive procedures of mid-face rejuvenation.MD CodesAnatomical dissection and ultrasound imaging help us look back on the injection methods and anatomical principles of MD CodesThe treatment is threefold: (1) the bolus injections, for lifting purposes, are performed at the most depressing point along the zygomatic arch, zygomatic eminence, the prominent optimal point in the zygomatic region, the most depressed point of upper NLF with 0.2-0.3 ml HA. (2) The linear injections, featuring facial contouring refinement, are performed at the deep fat pad of the medial cheek and infraorbital region with 0.4 ml HA. (3) The linear injections, featuring volume replacement, are performed at the subcutaneous fat layer of lateral cheek and NLF with 0.8 and 0.4 ml HA.MD CodeThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

We bootstrap the deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP) and 3D Quantum Electrodynamics (QED$_3$) coupled to $N_f$ flavors of two-component Dirac fermions. We show the lattice and perturbative results on the $SO(5)$ symmetric DQCP are excluded by the bootstrap bounds combined with an irrelevant condition of the lowest singlet scalar. Remarkably, we discover a new family of kinks in the 3D $SO(N)$ vector bootstrap bounds with $N\geqslant6$. We demonstrate bound coincidences between $SU(N_f)$ adjoint and $SO(N_f^2-1)$ vector bootstrap which result from a novel algebraic relation between their crossing equations. By introducing gap assumptions breaking the $SO(N_f^2-1)$ symmetry, the $SU(N_f)$ adjoint bootstrap bounds with large $N_f$ converge to the $1/N_f$ perturbative results of QED$_3$. Our results provide strong evidence that the $SO(5)$ DQCP is not continuous and the critical flavor number of QED$_3$ is slightly above $2$: $N_f^*\in(2,4)$. Bootstrap results near $N_f^*$ are well consistent with the merger and annihilation mechanism for the loss of conformality in QED$_3$., v1: 6 pages, 3 figures; v2: 4+9 pages, 4+3 figures, quality of figures improved, lattice and perturbative results for DQCP added, more results for QED$_3$ from bootstrap with $SO(N)$-symmetry breaking gaps, discussions improved according to new results

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection is the most commonly performed procedure in cosmetic surgery. However, blind injection is unable to take individual anatomical variations into consideration, which is the main contributing factor to complications. Ultrasound (US) imaging was introduced to reduce complications and improve effects. This article will review uses of US in aesthetic BoNT injection. A systematic electronic search was performed using the PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of science. Search terms were set to focus on aesthetic BoNT injection. Two independent reviewers subsequently reviewed the resultant articles based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected manuscripts were analysed and grouped by procedure categories. Clinical cases were all performed by one plastic surgeon in our department. The search finally retained 24 articles. Five procedural categories were identified, including masseter (n = 16), frontalis (n = 2), glabella complex (n = 2), trapezius (n=1), and gastrocnemius (n = 3). US imaging is practical and instructive for pre-operative assessments as in needle-type selection, injection point localization and depth setting, as well as post-operative follow-ups regarding injection feedback (for instance, the extent of muscle volume decreases). What's more, ultrasound-guided injection makes needle trajectory visualized so as for the needle to reach the target muscle in avoidance of potential damage to neurovascular bundle, gland or adjacent muscle. Muscles, such as masseter, frontalis, glabella complex, trapezius and gastrocnemius, and their adjacent structures can be well visualized using US, and as such, US can be a useful tool for a variety of pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative procedures. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Three-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) with slightly broken higher spin symmetry provide an interesting laboratory to study general properties of CFTs and their roles in the AdS/CFT correspondence. In this work we compute the planar four-point functions at arbitrary ’t Hooft coupling λ in the CFTs with slightly broken higher spin symmetry. We use a bootstrap approach based on the approximate higher spin Ward identity. We show that the bootstrap equation is separated into two parts with opposite parity charges, and it leads to a recursion relation for the λ expansions of the correlation functions. The λ expansions terminate at order λ2 and the solutions are exact in λ. Our work generalizes the approach proposed by Maldacena and Zhiboedov to four-point correlators, and it amounts to an on-shell study for the 3D Chern-Simons vector models and their holographic duals in AdS4. Besides, we show that the same results can also be obtained rather simply from bosonization duality of 3D Chern-Simons vector models. The odd term at order O(λ) in the spinning four-point function relates to the free boson correlator through a Legendre transformation. This provides new evidence on the 3D bosonization duality at the spinning four-point function level. We expect this work can be generalized to a complete classification of general four-point functions of single trace currents.

Atmospheric chemistry models usually perform badly in forecasting wintertime air pollution because of their uncertainties. Generally, such uncertainties can be decreased effectively by techniques such as data assimilation (DA) and model output statistics (MOS). However, the relative importance and combined effects of the two techniques have not been clarified. Here, a one-month air quality forecast with the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model was carried out in a virtually operational setup focusing on Hebei Province, China. Meanwhile, three-dimensional variational (3DVar) DA and MOS based on one-dimensional Kalman filtering were implemented separately and simultaneously to investigate their performance in improving the model forecast. Comparison with observations shows that the chemistry forecast with MOS outperforms that with 3DVar DA, which could be seen in all the species tested over the whole 72 forecast hours. Combined use of both techniques does not guarantee a better forecast than MOS only, with the improvements and degradations being small and appearing rather randomly. Results indicate that the implementation of MOS is more suitable than 3DVar DA in improving the operational forecasting ability of WRF-Chem.

A new flavonoid glycoside, named tricin-7-O-(β-glucuronide-6″-butyl ester) (1), together with ten known compounds, including five flavonoids (2–6), three triterpenoids (7–9), one iridoid glycoside (10), and one phytosterol (11), were isolated from the whole herb of Dodartia orientalis L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence including 1D and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC) and ESI-MS, and by comparison with literature data. The antitumor activity of these compounds was evaluated by means of MTT assay with human tumor cell lines HepG2 and HeLa.

A three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is established for the South China Sea (SCS). A set of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are performed to evaluate the performance of this data assimilation system and investigate the impacts of different types of observations on representation of three-dimensional large-scale circulations and meso-scale eddies in the SCS. The pseudo-observations that are examined include sea surface temperatures (SSTs), sea surface heights (SSHs), sparse temperature/salinity (T/S) profiles, sea surface velocities (SSVs), and sea surface salinities (SSSs). The results show that SSHs can extend their impacts into the subsurface or even the deep ocean while other surface observations only have impacts within surface mixed layer. SSVs have similar impacts though confined to their spatial coverage, suggesting that SSVs could be a substitute of SSHs nearshore where SSHs are of poor quality. Despite their sparseness, the T/S profiles improve the representation of the temperature and salinity structures below the mixed layer, and a combination of T/S profiles with surface observations leads to a better representation of the meso-scale eddies. Based on the OSSE results, an affordable observing network for the SCS in the near future is proposed.

Background error covariance (BEC) is crucial in data assimilation. This paper addresses the multivariate BEC associated with black carbon, organic carbon, nitrates, sulfates, and other con- stituents of aerosol species. These aerosol species are modeled and predicted using the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry scheme (MOSAIC) in the Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry (WRF/Chem) model at a resolution of 4 km in Southern California. The BEC is estimated from the differences between the 36-hour and 12-hour forecasts using the NMC method. The results indicated that the maximum background error standard deviation is associated with nitrate and is larger than that of black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate. The horizontal and vertical scale of the correlation of nitrate is much smaller than that of other species. A significant cross-correlation is found between the species of black carbon and organic carbon. The cross-correlations between nitrate and other variables are relatively smaller and exhibit a relatively smaller length scale. Single observation data assimilation experiments are performed to illustrate the effect of the BEC on analysis increments.

We use the conformal bootstrap approach to explore $5D$ CFTs with $O(N)$ global symmetry, which contain $N$ scalars $\phi_i$ transforming as $O(N)$ vector. Specifically, we study multiple four-point correlators of the leading $O(N)$ vector $\phi_i$ and the $O(N)$ singlet $\sigma$. The crossing symmetry of the four-point functions and the unitarity condition provide nontrivial constraints on the scaling dimensions ($\Delta_\phi$, $\Delta_\sigma$) of $\phi_i$ and $\sigma$. With reasonable assumptions on the gaps between scaling dimensions of $\phi_i$ ($\sigma$) and the next $O(N)$ vector (singlet) scalar, we are able to isolate the scaling dimensions $(\Delta_\phi$, $\Delta_\sigma)$ in small islands. In particular, for large $N=500$, the isolated region is highly consistent with the result obtained from large $N$ expansion. We also study the interacting $O(N)$ CFTs for $1\leqslant N\leqslant100$. Isolated regions on $(\Delta_\phi,\Delta_\sigma)$ plane are obtained using conformal bootstrap program with lower order of derivatives $\Lambda$; however, they disappear after increasing $\Lambda$. We think these islands are corresponding to interacting but nonunitary $O(N)$ CFTs. Our results provide a lower bound on the critical value $N_c>100$, below which the interacting $O(N)$ CFTs turn into nonunitary. The critical value is unexpectedly large comparing with previous estimations., Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures

We compute the most general superconformal blocks for scalar operators in 4 $$ \mathcal{D} $$ $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 superconformal field theories. Specifically we employ the supershadow formalism to study the four-point correlator 〈Φ1Φ2Φ3Φ4〉, in which the four scalars, Φ i , have arbitrary scaling dimensions and R-charges. The only constraint on the R-charges is from R-symmetry invariance of the four-point correlator and the exchanged operators can have arbitrary R-charges. Our results extend previous studies on 4 $$ \mathcal{D} $$ $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 superconformal blocks to the most general case, which are the essential ingredient for bootstrapping mixed correlators of scalars with independent scaling dimensions and R-charges.

We show that a new class of helical phase inflation models can be simply realized in minimal supergravity, wherein the inflaton is the phase component of a complex field and its potential admits a deformed helicoid structure. We find a new unique complex-valued index $\chi$ that characterizes almost the entire region of the $n_s-r$ plane favored by new Planck observations. Continuously varying the index $\chi$, predictions interpolate from quadratic/natural inflation parameterized by a phase/axion decay constant to Starobinsky-like inflation parameterized by the $\alpha$-parameter. We demonstrate that the simple supergravity construction realizing Starobinsky-like inflation can be obtained from a more microscopic model by integrating out heavy fields, and that the flat phase direction for slow-roll inflation is protected by a mildly broken global $U(1)$ symmetry. %, which is mildly broken at the inflation energy scale. We study the geometrical origin of the index $\chi$, and find that it corresponds to a linear constraint relating \kah moduli. We argue that such a linear constraint is a natural result of moduli stabilization in Type \MyRoman{2} orientifold compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds with geometric and non-geometric fluxes. Possible choices for the index $\chi$ are discrete points on the complex plane that relate to the distribution of supersymmetric Minkowski vacua on moduli space. More precise observations of the inflationary epoch in the future may provide a better estimation of the index $\chi$. Since $\chi$ is determined by the fluxes and vacuum expectation values of complex structure moduli, such observations would characterize the geometry of the internal space as well., Comment: 26 pages, 4 figures; 4+1 figure, discussion on several energy scales added, references added, to appear in JHEP

The concept of optimal sensitivity perturbation (OSP) is developed based on adjoint sensitivity analysis theory. The persistent anomalous features in East Asian summer monsoon system, including the Ural blocking, the Okhotsk Sea dipole blocking and the variations of subtropical high are analyzed and the OSP for each of them evaluated. The results provide us with some new insight into the most significant influential factors for these features. It also demonstrates the great potential for further applications of this method in diagnostics of atmospheric processes.