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This paper deals with the analysis of the artificial hip joint implant (AHI) for the activity like sit-to-stand and the standing position. The simulation was completed in one of the simulation software packages like ABAQUS. For simulation, first step is to create a CAD model, define material properties and then create mesh of the complete model, and apply boundary and load conditions. The artificial hip joint consists of the femoral head which is spherical in shape, backing cup which is of cup shape and acetabular cup which is situated between femoral head and backing cup. The target of the simulation was to perform the analysis and to compute the parameters such as maximum von Mises stress, deflection, sliding distance and contact stress. The contact between acetabular cup and the outer part of femoral head; and the contact between backing cup and the outer part of acetabular cup are very important to study. The contact stress was computed for activities like sit-to-stand and standing in these contacts. The study of different weight patients was done by applying different actual loads corresponding to body weights. After analysis, the comparison of results was done. This can help in evaluating the effect of the increase in body weight on contact stress, total deformation, von Mises stress and sliding distance.

In this work, Tungsten Inert Gas Welding process was used to analyze the effect of input process parameters on reinforcement height of the weld. The input process parameters were used as current, voltage, speed of welding, and the feed rate. Low carbon steel AISI 1010 plates of dimensions 75 mm × 50 mm × 5 mm were used to obtain the weld. Total of 16 pairs of plates was welded to obtain 16 welds using the tungsten inert gas welding process. At first current, voltage, and speed of welding were kept at constant values and the feed rate was varied one by one as 2.12 mm/s, 4.23 mm/s, 6.35 mm/s, and 8.47 mm/s, respectively, for 4 welds. In each case, the reinforcement height was measured. This was used to investigate the effect of feed rate on reinforcement height. In a similar manner other 3 sets, each having 4 welds were used to investigate the effect of welding speed, welding voltage, and welding current on reinforcement height respectively by keeping other variables at some fixed values. The results were tabulated and were expressed in 4 diagrams to investigate the effect of feed rate, welding speed: welding voltage and welding current on reinforcement height in each case. Generally, the reinforcement height increased with increase of current, voltage, and feed rate and decreased with welding speed in the present work.

The worldwide increase in population joined with urbanization and a more appeal for versatility has pressurized the railroad systems of the world. The solution to this problem is to develop the infrastructure or enhancing the software with the integration of the internet for providing better services to the passengers. The combination of these three aspects of a railway system formed the Artificial Intelligence (AI). The objective of this work is to explore the role of AI in railway Transportation. The overview concludes by addressing the challenges and limitations of AI applications in railway transportation.

The shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is one among the most common welding processes that is generally used in the fabrication process in industries to join components, as its operation is easy. Shielded metal arc welding is a prominent process of metal fabrication which finds its best usage in shipbuilding operations, construction, and metal structure industries. This paper investigates the descriptions and findings of different researchers. Several researchers performed experiments on SMAW and investigated the effect of rate of welding heat input on the structure and properties of the materials. The heat rate is the function of welding speed, welding current, and welding voltage. The properties of the materials are affected by welding current, welding voltage, and welding speed. This review research paper includes the selected important research papers which describe the effect of current, voltage, and speed of welding on the effect of mechanical and microstructural properties. The joints produced by shielded metal arc welding process have enough strength, and when these joints are compared with any other joints, the cost is relatively low.

In every industry, some types of machines are used, and generally, the parts of machines are connected to each other with joints. The joints should be strong enough to bear the applied load to the structure. Welding is an important method of joining. In any welding process, the mechanical properties of the weld are closely related to the dimensions of the bead. In this investigation, the real experiments were performed with tungsten inert gas welding process to analyze the effect of feed rate on the dimensions of the bead. The input variables except the feed rate were fixed, as the current at 200 A, voltage at 10.5 V, travel speed or welding speed at 4.19 mm/s for whole the experimentation period. Only the rate of feed of electrode wire was varied, and the effect of this variation on weld width, depth of penetration, and reinforcement height was studied. Total 6 pairs of mild steel plates of dimensions 75 mm × 50 mm × 5 mm were welded for six variations of feed rate. The results were tabulated and were expressed in three diagrams one for depth of penetration, one for reinforcement height, and one for weld width. This study explains the sensitivity analysis of the effect of the feed rate on the three dimensions of the weld bead.

Human activity is always a reflection of its external environmental conditions. If a group of people is in some emergency, then their activities and behaviour will be different as compared to normal conditions. To detect an emergency, Human Activity Recognition (HAR) can play an important role. Human activities such as shouting, running here and there, crying, searching for an exit door can be taken into consideration as an emergency indicator. By detecting the emergency and its degree, the Emergency Management System (EMS) can manage the situation efficiently. In this work, we use machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), IBK, Bagging, J48 and MLP on WISDM Smartphone and Smartwatch Activity and Biometric Dataset for human activity recognition and RF is found to be the best algorithm with classification accuracy 87.1977% among all other considered techniques.

The use of technology in the field of medical sciences has increased a lot since the last decade. Nowadays, you can see many technologies like computers and cameras used in medical sciences. They not only help in detecting the disease or the cause but also help in the curing process by maintaining records. The use of computers for image processing has provided an upper hand to the physicians. By using this technique, anybody can tell if there is a fracture in the bone or not. Fractures are common these days, so fracture detection is a crucial part of orthopedic X-ray image analysis. The automatic fracture detection technique helps the doctor to start medical care immediately. We propose a new technique using machine learning and digital geometry. The method can detect bone fractures by bone contours by removing discontinuity processed by segmentation. It overcomes the shortcoming of the previous method which only works on texture analysis. In this, several digital X-ray images are taken as input, and the machine will give the output whether there is a fracture or not based on particular algorithms.

In this paper, analytical studies of unit cube with different macroscopic rupture criteria have shown that stress triaxiality is a key parameter on which the magnitude of rupture strain depends. Numerical simulations of tensile test were performed using commercial finite element code ABAQUS on unit cube element. Post-process data of the simulation of tensile test of unit cube element was taken for computation of rupture strain and stress triaxiality. The relation between the strains at rupture versus the stress triaxiality was quantified.

The performance of simulated annealing (SA)-based task scheduling algorithms is evaluated. First, various parameters of SA are varied, and it is seen how it affects the schedule length (SL). The parameters that are varied are initial temperature, number of iterations, initial clustering, and cooling schedule. Then, one SA-based task scheduling algorithm is selected and compared with other task scheduling algorithms. The algorithms selected for comparison are cluster pair priority scheduling (CPPS), dominant sequence clustering (DSC), edge zeroing (EZ), and linear clustering (LC). Random task graphs are used for comparison.

In recent times the need for automation has grown many folds. The need of the hour is to control and display the working of systems utilized in everyday life with a click of a button. This paper presents the designing and implementation of the parking management system (PMS) as a part of a building management system (BMS). Also, the paper suggests the methodology for the effective working of the building management system. The implementation of the communication protocol will be both wired and wireless for effective working. The user will be able to see the display of the status of occupancy immediately as the data will be updated through the Internet periodically. The objective is to reduce the search time required to search for any vacant slot for parking and indicating it, using red or green LED indicators and thus sending all the real-time information to a master server for monitoring purposes or to a display at the entrance. The ultrasonic parking system has been successfully checked and its design has been verified which successfully detects the presence or absence of vehicles under it and indicates it by blinking red/green LED, respectively. PMS is planned and strategised for interconnection using internet/intranet connectivity.

Owing to changing environment and erratic and sedentary lifestyle of people, the whole world is suffering from various non-communicable diseases (NCD) like heart disease, cancer, hypertension, thyroidism, rheumatic arthritis, IBS, etc. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is likely to become the commonest and greatest epidemic in human history. Type-2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is treated with many anti-hyperglycemic medicines, but the condition is still challenging for us. Now, there is growing interest and acceptability for Ayurveda and other alternative medical systems, especially in management of NCD. Yagyopathy has been detailed mentioned in Ayurveda and Veda as ‘DevvyapashrayaChikitsa,’ also mentioned by many researchers as (divine or mantra therapy) and ‘BhaishjyaYagya’ (treatment of ailments by doing Yagya with some medicinal herbs). It has multidimensional benefits on physical, mental, social and spiritual health so that Yagyopathy schedule easily relieved T2DM symptoms effectively and progressively. The present study is done while taking care of these facts and shows the significant benefits in cure of different diseases. The mathematical model has been presented for same, and the results are analyzed which were obtained after experiments on several subjects.

Open space cleaning is one of the important routine works in any place. In this work, a prototype model of robot for cleaning is developed for open spaces. The frame, body, and parts of prototype model of robot are created and assembled using CAD software. The specifications of the parts required to construct the real-life model are mentioned in various sections and subsections of this work. It is designed fully automated and able to sense the waste and remove it with the help of its cleaning mechanism. The basic advantage of this prototype model of robot is that it will be cost-effective with no human enrollment.

Nonuniform distribution of heat flux over the circumference of the receiver tube affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the solar parabolic trough collector system. Nonuniform heat flux over the circumference of the receiver tube causes circumferential temperature difference (CTD) that cause thermal stresses in the receiver tube and reduce the reliability of the receiver tube. To make the receiver tube more reliable, it is necessary to reduce CTD in the receiver tube by making some arrangement that can reflect heat flux at the top surface of the receiver also. In this study, theoretical design aspects for parabolic and triangular secondary reflectors and experimental performance analysis is represented. From the experimental analysis, the maximum temperature rise of 10.9, 9.6, and 7.4 ℃ is observed in case of parabolic trough collector with parabolic secondary reflector, with triangular secondary reflector and without a secondary reflector.

In today’s rapid production scenario, scheduling plays a dynamic role in planning. In this work, open shop scheduling problem related to a copper flexible braids manufacturing company is considered. In a scheduling problem, the purpose is to find the orders of jobs on specific machines with an objective to optimize the makespan. Scheduling can be either manual or automatic. Manual scheduling of operations is a difficult task. Hence, computational methods are used to automate and simplify the process. In this work, integer programming and constraint programming-based mathematical models are developed to tackle this problem. The branch-and-bound (B&B) algorithm is applied for integer programming model, and branch-and-cut (B&C) algorithm is applied for constraint programming model in order to get optimized makespan. A comparison of results obtained from both mathematical models is done for selection of optimized makespan and identification of model.

The object detection using radar mounted on quadcopter is achieved by a mobile radar which can be taken to any place or location with the help of quadcopter and can be used to detect if there is any unidentified object in its protected area. The quadcopter used is made with Arduino Uno controller and it has a RC (Remote control) remote which works of radio frequency for controlling its direction of motion. The radar has been developed by an ultrasonic sensor which uses ultrasonic waves to detect objects and a servo motor is used to rotate the ultrasonic sensor to cover the entire protected area. The radar has been made wireless with the help of RF (radio frequency) transmitter and receiver module which sends the data on the PC (Personal computer) wirelessly. There are two circuits for the radar namely transmitter and receiver circuits. The transmitter circuit has been mounted on a quadcopter, which can take the radar to any location in its coverage area which makes the radar mobile.

Most photovoltaic modules which comes for power extraction is flat and subsequently, investigate on board or plate design for photovoltaic frameworks regularly utilizes flat boards or plate. Notwithstanding, the expanded accessibility of thin-film photovoltaic modules opens up potential outcomes for the use of flexible solar cell on curve board or surfaces, including the joining of photovoltaic boards on building rooftops with twofold arch. This paper acquaints a method to analyze the power output for flexible photovoltaic modules on bended surfaces or plate and additionally an idea to organize various such modules on a surface or plate. This mix of geometry arc angle of cell and sun-based investigation gives information that is vital for area design of photovoltaic flexible curve solar panel and analyzation of power output. The calculation of the techniques which is presented is outlined with analysis, for which several parameters have been investigated in an optimized way. Maximum power generation for flexible curve panel are depends on optimal design of field area configuration where flexible curve panels will be installed and collector parameters. The power generation from the field for flexible curve solar panel has been calculated at a different curve angles. The parameter of field area design has been calculated analytically and validated in genetic algorithm (MATLAB).

Security of multimedia data is a major concern due to its widespread transmission over various communication channels. Hence, design and study of good image encryption schemes has become a major research topic. During the last few decades, there has been an increase in chaos-based cryptography. This paper proposes an attack on a recently proposed chaos-based image encryption scheme. The cryptosystem under study proceeded by first shuffling the original image to disturb the arrangement of pixels by applying a chaotic map several times. Second, a key stream is generated using Chen’s chaotic system to mix it with the shuffled pixels to finally obtain the cipher image. A chosen-ciphertext attack can be done to recover the system without any knowledge of the key. It simply demands two pairs of plaintext–ciphertext to completely break the cryptosystem.

Estimation of friction factor is essential for the analysis of flow conditions in pipes. Exact solution of the friction factor can be obtained from Moody diagram. The best approximation to Darcy friction factor for turbulent flow is given by Colebrook–White equation. In past few decades, a number of correlations have been proposed for the determination of friction factors in order to avoid iterations. The efficiency and applicability of these formulae should be estimated. In this research, the experimental results are compared with 27 different equations. The comparison of predicted with observed value has been expressed through Nash–Sutcliff efficiency coefficient, correlation coefficient R 2, slope, average discrepancy ratio, and standard deviation. For smooth pipes, Zigrang and Sylvester formulae are more efficient, to avoid cumbersome calculations. Barr, Avci and Karagoz equations can be suggested. For rough pipes, round equation is precision enough.

An extended visual cryptography scheme (EVCS) is a category of visual cryptography scheme (VCS) in which secret image is encoded into multiple shares of meaningful images. It has two additional images which are covering shares by the end of the encoding process. These meaningful shares are created by different approaches. The purpose of cover images (meaningful images) is to hide the secret image under it. In this paper, we propose an extended visual cryptography scheme with cover images using halftoning method. The halftoning method we designed for conversion of gray level image into binary image is based on dithering. The obtained halftoned image is transformed into multiple shares that are distributed to the participants. These shares are finally covered with some cover images to obtain meaningful shares. The experimental results and analysis show that the proposed scheme has satisfactory results.