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The data security and authenticity with good image quality are very much important in medical imaging applications. The goal of hardware-based watermarking techniques is to achieve low power consumption, real-time performance, reliability, and ease of integration with the existing consumer electronic devices. In this paper, the hardware architecture of reversible watermarking for medical images and its implementation in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed. The difference expansion (DE) method for watermarking in lifting-based DWT domain and channel coding is implemented in hardware to achieve the goal. The simulation result shows that the designed architecture consumes 44.66% less power and 44.67% higher operating frequency (operating speed) than the similar implementation. more...

This article presents a brief review on full-reference (FR) image quality assessment (IQA) techniques. The discussion starts with traditional Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and then gradually moves to complex IQA models based on wavelets (or its various variants) and human visual system (HVS). The techniques are discussed from mathematical perspective to theoretical viewpoint. These discussions will be very useful for relevant researchers to have an apparent understanding about the status of recent FR-IQA. Few research problems are also discussed as an outcome of the article. more...

This paper proposes a FPGA based hardware for quality access control of image based on passive data-hiding scheme in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. Host image is divided in to (8 × 8) non overlapping blocks and 2-D DCT is performed. The nonzero AC coefficients of a block are modulated based on modulation factor. The amount of quality degradation governs by modulation factor and interns perform quality access control. The modulated coefficients are Huffman coded for efficient storage and transmissions. All the necessary information are encoded and send to the decoder as a secret key along with the Huffman coded coefficient. User having the full knowledge of the key can demodulate to access full quality of image. Additionally, a low-power reliable hardware for real-time application is proposed and tested over large number of benchmark images. The experimental result shows its dominance in terms of optimized utilization of resource, very low power consumption of 71.735 mW and operates in a frequency of 113 MHz for processing of (256 × 256) sized images. more...