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In present day, most of the automobile manufacturers depend on active safety systems to prevent collisions because collisions and accidents increase day by day in automobiles. Research statistics reported that 20% of collision occurs due to driver’s fault in the event of driving. It also points out that the causes of fatality rate in vehicles are not only due to fault of the vehicles. The causes of accidents are mainly due to drivers faults in automobile such as health-related issues which are the foremost reason for the accidents. In this study, the proposed system is used to analyze the condition of the driver in the event of health issues while driving tends to warn the driver. The sensor is mounted in the steering wheel for sensing the pulse of the driver during driving. The driver positioning of hands or palm in steering wheel is sensed by the pulse sensor fitted on steering wheel and at the time of abnormality in driver’s pulse rate. The sensor alerts the driver and co-passenger by displaying warning signal in dashboard. The research is carried out especially for the taxi drivers prolong time and for the low-cost vehicles to prevent the fatality rate, injury and damage to the vehicle.

Two wheelers are cheap and most efficient way of transportation; however, it still requires a rider (human) to balance a vehicle at low speeds and traffic conditions to complete the process of moving from point to point. Although a bike is a relative advantage, it still possesses a greater threat in form of accidents. Newspapers in daily basis report such motorcycle accident like skidding to be a major spoiler of a much-enjoyed mode of travel. It requires great deal of physical strength. Consider an aged person who is suffering from diabetes requires heavy relaxation for a duration after prolonged riding, thereby causing a great deal of fatigue. Therefore, it is necessary to bring about modifications to the existing vehicle because they make the riding a lot safer under low speed travel on dry sand surfaces which are common on Indian roads. The motorcycle by itself is self-balancing using their side legs at low speeds and traffics thereby facing many problems like joint pain, fracture, in the worst cases even ligament fracture, etc. The end result is about bringing up the supporting wheel concept on two wheelers is that the two-wheeler would balance itself and can be stabilized against any impact as well as zero velocity equally. Increased maintenance as well as the reduction in fuel economy in four wheels are on the ground all the time and also increases confidence in riding the vehicle entirely for a long period of time. Also, it would not demand much of leg reflexes to act upon the road or the brake foot pedal.

Drilling is one of the important machining operations in polymer matrix composites, which is used to join the polymer composites temporarily. The fiber reinforced polymer composites are widely used in automobile and aerospace fields in which the polymer composites are to be joined with similar or dissimilar materials. The present work focuses on the effects drilling parameters (speed and drill diameter) on kenaf fiber/steel wire mesh hybrid epoxy composites. To obtain the better mechanical properties, the hybrid composites are designed in such way that two layers of kenaf fiber and one layer of steel wire mesh reinforced in epoxy resin matrix. Delaminations, fiber pullout, and cracks are observed in microscopic examinations. Two different parameters of drilling speed and drill diameters are varied to cognizance the mechanism of delamination. The acceptable quality level of drilled holes was measured using toolmakers microscope through by calculating the circularity of drilled holes.

The purpose of engine oil lubrication is to reduce the wear and tear of the engine parts due to friction, corrosion, and to dissipate some amount of heat from the engine. The engine oil quality directly influences the service life and performance of the engine. The part manufacturers specify and list down the oil replacement period depending on the capacity of the engine at the standard test conditions. Conveniently, it is very difficult to determine the condition of the engine lubricating oil in normal operating condition. In this work, a coaxial capacitance sensor is developed to monitor the quality of the engine-lubricating oil. The quality of the oil is monitored by the sensor which will provide suitable capacitance value for the different oil conditions. The obtained capacitance values are monitored with the help of the LCR meter. The capacitance and the dielectric constant increase when the quality of the oil decreases. The different oil samples are tested to predict the parameters such as capacitance and dielectric constant. Finally, the obtained values are compared with the fresh oil to estimate the quality of the oil.

In the present research, the different simultaneous reductions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) as well as smoke are compared. The methods are gasoline fumigation (GF), exhaust gas after treatment using water scrubbing (EGAT) method and gasoline fumigation along with nanoadditive. Gasoline fumigation was achieved by controlling the electronic injector fitted at the intake manifold using the open ECU software. An exhaust management set-up is invented, which is attached to the tailpipe of the engine. This precedes the exhaust and injects water in the tailpipe and sends it over the silica gel chamber. The aluminium oxide nanoliquid was blended with diesel in mass fractions of 50 ppm. The features of a single direct injection (DI) diesel engine are studied for GF, EGAT and gasoline fumigation along with 50 ppm nanodiesel blend (50AONP – D +GF). EGAT shows higher NOx and smoke emission reductions compared than diesel, gasoline fumigation and gasoline fumigation with nanoadditives. The simultaneous reduction in NOx and smoke, increase in BTE at high power and reduction in CO and HC when nanoadditive is used, shows gasoline fumigation as the effective method for diesel engines.