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The increase in need of connecting devices gave a path to the Internet of things (IoT). The heterogeneous nature of connecting with different devices through seamless connectivity aids IoT to connect and acquire needed information. The demand for machine-type communications (MTC) has provided way for modern algorithms, diverse services, technology to meet modern IoT needs. Cellular standards also creating a space to incorporate IoT along the sideline of regular network with low-power and long-range specifications. 3GPP release 13 introduced narrow band IoT (NB-IoT) along with LET-advance standard. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of the IoT application requirements in the 3GPP cellular-based low-power wide area solutions for massive to critical IoT is discussed. The need for changes in technology in occurrence to the sensor nodes and transmit information is also focused in this paper with SoC for NB-IoT.

Internet of things (IoT) systems are designed to monitor environmental parameters which are accessible either directly or indirectly through applications via Internet as a global platform. IoT devices are often equipped with limited resources requiring energy-efficient and bandwidth-efficient lightweight protocols for data transmission. Traditional protocols are not suitable for communication in IoT-based applications due to high overhead and complex architecture. The selection of effective messaging protocol highly depends on the type of application and its messaging requirements. This paper presents a broad comparison and practical assessment of the most prominent protocols such as HTTP, MQTT, CoAP, AMQP and WebSocket for IoT. A real test bed has been developed for the experimental evaluation of these protocols based on the major key performance metrics such as overhead and latency. The experimental results reveal that CoAP is the most suitable protocol for the applications having constrained resources as it introduces the least overhead. However, WebSocket is the most suitable for the time critical applications as it takes the least time for communication. The relative analysis of these protocols can help the user to choose an appropriate protocol for their application requirements and suitability.

Automobile theft is a worldwide immense problem. A vehicle of top-notch security features is usually higher in the cost, and it cannot be afforded by middle-class people. By considering all these parameters, we aimed to design a low-cost, real-time, robust security system for vehicles. The main purpose of this project is to notify the vehicle owner, when the vehicle is moved/theft from the parking area and to monitor the movement of the vehicle in real time. Raspberry Pi 3 board connected with SIM908 GPS module will be placed in the vehicle. GPS module receives the signal and provides the data in NMEA format. Out of several messages, GPRMC message will be sent from the board to the cloud. GPRMC message type has much information like latitude, longitude, speed, time, etc. Raspberry Pi 3 which is connected to mobile hotspot will communicate with the cloud using MQTT protocol. MQTT protocol is a lightweight protocol which comes on top of TCP/IP. The web application will be connected to the cloud by providing configuration details. Once the web application is subscribed to the GPS topic, it starts getting the GPS data which will be displayed on the web page.

Wireless sensor networks are used to monitor various environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, pollution level, humidity, wind and so on. Therefore, fast and secure authentication is important and requires a lightweight protocol that is secure. AmirHosein et al. proposed a 3-factor protocol in wireless sensor networks, but we found that the protocol in the wireless sensor network had some weaknesses. Firstly, it is a weakness in smart card deodorization. And it is also vulnerable to user impersonation. Moreover, it is possible to attack the session key. In this paper, we describe this weakness and prove AmirHosein et al.’s scheme is insecure.

DRM provides a secure solution for the illegal distribution of digital content through communication networks. We propose a Secure and lightweight protocol for mobile DRM based on DRM community cloud (DCC) and banking community cloud (BCC). Non-repudiation property is a very important property that needs to be ensured for DRM. Non-repudiation property in this protocol is achieved using wireless public key infrastructure (WPKI), universal integrated circuit card (UICC) at the client side, DRM community cloud (DCC) at the cloud provider (CP) and banking community cloud (BCC) at the Issuing Bank. BCC and DCC are a Cloud of Secure Elements (CSE). Our proposed protocol achieves end-to-end security from the client to DCC and BCC.