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The early excitement of industrialization during the twentieth century and unprecedented population rise have now compelled us to think about developing environmental remediation strategies on a priority basis to save the basic essential components of life. Understanding the impact of dyes and dye intermediates which have been the major component of industrial pollutants in the environment is the prime need, to reclaim the pristine environment. Physical and chemical environmental cleanup technologies developed for dye and textile effluents are proven to be expensive and energy consuming, often generate toxic by-products, and more importantly are faced with limited success in a narrower scope. Consequently, the need for an alternate approach has led to the development of self-sustainable, greener biological methods (i.e., bioremediation). It offers a great advantage of astonishing catabolic diversity of the innate microbial population inhabiting the polluted environment. Factors like geological aspects, climate, soil and water characteristics, waste and disposal facilities, etc. play a vital role in the success of different technologies (including bioremediation). Besides chemical structure, degree of recalcitrance, toxicity, and bioavailability of dye molecules are considered significant parameters for their treatments. In this review, an attempt has been made to understand the complexities and constraints of existing technologies and few optimistic scenarios to improve and develop new methodologies for treatment of industrial effluents from dye and textile industries.