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Energy demand post independence has faced a consistent pace with the growth of Indian economy. To maintain the national energy balance with sustainable development, it is time for various alternative energy resources with advanced devices like smart meters, smart grid model, etc., are implemented through different pilot projects only while the household is often underestimated it. India has aim to produce 175 GW energy through renewable energy power mix to reach the electricity to the all households at cheaper cost, and decentralization of smart grid-based system is needed to implement nationwide. This article represents a comprehensive study of present energy scenario in India, different energy policies which are associated with electricity generation, prospect of nationwide smart grid development.

In this study the structural features of dinucleotide sequences are quantitatively described in terms of the important orientation parameters of the bases and Watson-Crick base pairs using quantum chemical calculations. Variation of twist parameter in DNA and canonical RNA reveals the most probable value for each sequence. However, all the dinucleotide steps do not show the minima corresponding to specific twist value. All the quantum chemical calculations are done using DFT-D with ωB97X-D functional and 6-31G (2d,2p) basis set. In order to completely understand behavior of the base paired dinucleotide step, we have adopted Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation in 18 dimensional phase space using classical force-field. The results agree in general with the results obtained from DFT-D studies as well as experimental observations. We believe that Monte Carlo simulation with energy from DFT-D would better predict structural features of non-canonical base pairs, which appear frequently in RNA and lacks experimental details.