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181 results on '"Rat brain"'

12. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Lipids in the Ischemic Rat Brain Section: A Practical Approach

Author

Hay-Yan J Wang

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Materials science, 010401 analytical chemistry, Tissue Processing, Rat brain, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, digestive system diseases, Mass spectrometry imaging, 0104 chemical sciences, Matrix (chemical analysis), 03 medical and health sciences, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, Ischemic stroke, Brain section, 030304 developmental biology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) of lipids is considered one of the shotgun lipidomic techniques that explores the in situ distribution of lipids in tissue sections. To successfully perform this task, knowledge and experience in the conventional cryosection, tissue section collection and handling, and mass spectrometry data analysis and signal processing are needed. A MALDI-MSI protocol covering from the fresh organ collection, cryosection and tissue processing, matrix application, MSI data acquisition, to the final MSI display of lipid distribution in the brain section of an ischemic stroke rat is described to exemplify this technique. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of this approach, plenty of preparation, practice, and familiarization to several critical steps ahead of the engagement with actual biological samples are needed to ensure a successful MALDI-MSI presentation of lipids in situ.

Published
2021
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13. Preparation of Rat Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures Using the Membrane-Interface Method

Author

Matthew G. Gold and Timothy W Church

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Chemistry, Hippocampal slice, Hippocampus, Brain tissue, Hippocampal formation, Rat brain, 03 medical and health sciences, Electrophysiology, Vibratome, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Slice preparation, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Cultured hippocampal slices from rodents, in which the architecture and functional properties of the hippocampal network are largely preserved, have proved to be a powerful substrate for studying healthy and pathological neuronal mechanisms. Here, we delineate the membrane-interface method for maintaining organotypic slices in culture for several weeks. The protocol includes procedures for dissecting hippocampus from rat brain, and collecting slices using a vibratome. This method provides the experimenter with easy access to both the brain tissue and culture medium, which facilitates genetic and pharmacological manipulations and enables experiments that incorporate imaging and electrophysiology. The method is generally applicable to rats of different ages, and to different brain regions, and can be modified for culture of slices from other species including mice.

Published
2020
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14. Immunohistochemical Detection of Modified Cytosine Bases in Rodent Brain

Author

Marcus D Wallis and Rebecca C. Trueman

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Rodent, Central nervous system, Biology, Rat brain, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.animal, DNA methylation, medicine, Immunohistochemistry, Epigenetics, Cytosine
Abstract

The modified cytosine base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is abundantly present in the central nervous system (CNS), and visualization of global 5hmC levels is possible through use of immunohistochemistry. In this chapter we describe an adaptable method of brain tissue collection and immunohistochemical staining that allows for detection of 5hmC in mouse or rat brain, meaning that the method can be applied to many rodent models of CNS diseases and disorders.

Published
2020
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27. Effect of Some Psychoactive Drugs Used as ‘Legal Highs’ on Brain Neurotransmitters

Author

Katarzyna Kamińska, Karolina Noworyta-Sokołowska, Alexandra Jurczak, Anna Górska, and Krystyna Gołembiowska

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microdialysis, Serotonin, MDMA, DA, medicine.drug_class, Neuroscience(all), Dopamine, 5-HT, Striatum, Pharmacology, Nucleus accumbens, Rat brain, Toxicology, Methamphetamine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Amphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine, PMA, Psychotropic Drugs, Mephedrone, Chemistry, General Neuroscience, Amphetamines, Brain, PMMA, Corpus Striatum, Frontal Lobe, Rats, Designer drug, 030104 developmental biology, Original Article, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

New psychoactive “designer drugs” are synthetic compounds developed to provide similar effects to illicit drugs of abuse, but not subjected to legal control. The rapidly changing legal status of novel psychoactive drugs triggers the development of new compounds, analogs of well-known amphetamine or mescaline. New designer drugs used as substitutes in ecstasy pills are the least investigated and can cause life-threatening effects on users. The aim of our research was to examine the effects of acute administration of 4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA, 5 and 10 mg/kg), 4-methoxy-N-methylamphetamine (PMMA, 5 and 10 mg/kg), and mephedrone (MEPH, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) on extracellular and tissue level of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and their metabolites in rat brain, by microdialysis method in freely moving animals and HPLC. Similarly to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 5 and 10 mg/kg) PMA, PMMA and MEPH enhanced the release of DA and 5-HT in rat striatum, nucleus accumbens, and frontal cortex. DA tissue content was increased by MEPH and PMMA in striatum, by MEPH, PMA, and PMMA in nucleus accumbens, and by PMA in frontal cortex. Instead, cortical DA level was decreased by MEPH and PMMA. MEPH did not influence 5-HT tissue level in striatum and nucleus accumbens, but decreased its level in frontal cortex. PMMA increased 5-HT content in striatum, while PMA enhanced it in nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex. Observed changes in brain monoamines and their metabolites by new psychoactive drugs suggest that these drugs may be capable of development of dependence. Further experiments are needed to fully investigate the neurotoxic and abuse potential of those drugs.

Published
2015

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