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Purpose: To report the 60-month safety and effectiveness results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing the ZILVER PTX paclitaxel-eluting stent to prosthetic above-the-knee bypass for the treatment of symptomatic TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) C and D femoropopliteal lesions., Materials and Methods: Patients were enrolled between October 2013 and July 2017. One of the secondary outcomes was primary patency at 60 months, defined as no evidence of binary restenosis or occlusion within the target lesion or bypass graft based on a duplex ultrasound peak systolic velocity ratio < 2.4 and no clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) in endovascular cases or reintervention to restore flow in the bypass at 60 months. Survival rates after 5 years were also analyzed., Results: 220 patients (mean age 68.6 ± 10.5 years; 159 men) were included and randomized to ZILVER PTX (n = 113, 51.40%) or BYPASS group (n = 107, 48.60%). The 60-month primary patency rate was 49.3% for the ZILVER PTX group versus 40.7% for the bypass group (p = 0.6915). Freedom from TLR was 63.8% for the ZILVER PTX group versus 52.8% for the bypass group (p = 0.2637). At 5 years, no significant difference in survival rate could be seen between the ZILVER PTX and the bypass group (69.1% vs. 71% respectively, p = 0.5503)., Conclusion: Even at 5 years, non-inferior safety and effectiveness results of the ZILVER PTX could be seen. These findings confirmed that the use of ZILVER PTX stents can be considered as a valid alternative for bypass surgery when treating long and complex femoropopliteal lesions., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Although effectiveness and safety of many different paclitaxel coated balloons in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are extensively studied, there is a lack of direct head-to-head comparison studies. To meet this need and to avoid potential "class-effects", the BIOPACT was set up. The purpose is to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the Passeo-18 Lux DCB (Biotronik) for treatment of patients with symptomatic PAD due to femoropopliteal lesions., Methods: 302 patients are randomized in a 1:1 manner to treatment with either the Passeo-18 Lux DCB or the IN.PACT Admiral DCB (Medtronic) for testing of a formal non-inferiority hypothesis. The participants will be followed for 5 years. The primary efficacy endpoint is freedom from clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) at 12 months, defined as any re-intervention at the target lesion due to symptoms, drop of ankle brachial index (ABI) > 20% or > 0.15 compared to post-procedural ABI. Primary safety endpoint is a composite of freedom from device/procedure-related death through 30 days post-index procedure, freedom from major target limb amputation and clinically-driven target vessel revascularization (CD-TVR) through 12 months post-index procedure. Secondary endpoints can be found at clinicaltrials.gov, ID NCT03884257., Discussion: As full enrolment was reached by the beginning of September, the investigators expect complete analysis of the primary endpoints by the end of 2022; Meanwhile preliminary results will be disclosed during 2022. As in terms of randomized head-to-head efficacy and safety analysis, this study on paclitaxel coated balloons may provide additional information to clinicians and healthcare providers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03884257 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2, Randomized trial., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE).)

Purpose: After promising small randomized trials, the aim of BIOLUX P-III was to further investigate the safety and performance of the Passeo-18 lx drug-coated balloon in infrainguinal arteries under real-world conditions., Methods: BIOLUX P-III is a global prospective single-arm study with follow-up at 6, 12 and 24 months. The primary safety endpoint was freedom from major adverse events (MAE) within 6 months. The primary performance endpoint was freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) within 12 months., Results: 877 patients/1084 lesions were enrolled. Diabetes mellitus was present in 47.7%, and 42.1% had critical limb ischemia (CLI). The mean lesion length was 89.0 mm with 76.1% of calcified lesions, and 24.9% occluded. At 24 months, freedom from MAE was 83.1% in the full cohort; 84.9% in the femoropopliteal population (592 patients, 691 lesions); 77.7% for long lesions (187 subjects/192 lesions); and 72.5% in the in-stent restenosis (ISR) subgroup (103 subjects/116 lesions). Twenty-four-month freedom from clinically driven TLR was 88.1% in the full cohort; 88.9% in the femoropopliteal population; 80.3% for the long lesions; and 78.4% for ISR. Twenty-four-month all-cause mortality was 12.0% in the full cohort, 10.2% in the femoropopliteal population, 14.8% for the long lesions and 12.0% for ISR. There was no device- or procedure-related death up to 24-month follow-up., Conclusion: The BIOLUX P-III 24-month outcomes confirm the safety and performance of Passeo-18 lx in infrainguinal arteries in a large population treated under real-world conditions with low complication rates and good clinical outcomes (NCT02276313).

Purpose: The BIOLUX P-III registry was initiated to further assess the safety and efficacy of the Passeo-18 Lux drug-coated balloon (DCB) in infrainguinal lesions in a real-world environment and in prespecified risk groups., Materials and Methods: BIOLUX P-III is a prospective, global, all-comers registry with patients treated under real-world conditions. We herein report 24-month results of the prespecified subgroup of 151 patients with 185 below-the-knee (BTK) lesions. The primary safety and efficacy endpoints were freedom from major adverse events (a composite of freedom from device and procedure mortality through 30 days, major target limb amputation and clinically driven target lesion revascularization) at 6 months and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (FfTLR) at 12 months., Results: At baseline, 76.0% of patients had critical limb ischemia and 48.9% of lesions were TASC C or D lesions. Technical success was achieved in 97.8%, and bailout stenting was required in 1.1%. Freedom from major adverse events was 86.2% [95% CI 79.4; 90.8] at 6 months, and FfTLR was 90.9% [95% CI 85.2; 94.4] at 12 months. At 24 months, FfTLR was 90.9% [95% CI 85.2; 94.4], freedom from major amputation was 90.1% [95% CI 83.9, 94.0], and overall survival was 79.2% [70.7, 85.5]. There was a significant clinical improvement (mean Rutherford class improvement of - 2.9 ± 1.9, p < 0.0001) and an improvement in pain (mean improvement on Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale of - 2.7 ± 2.9, p < 0.0001)., Conclusions: In this real-world DCB registry, 24-month outcomes of Passeo-18 Lux demonstrated safety and efficacy in BTK lesions with high patency rates and sustained clinical improvements at 24 months., Trial Registration: NCT02276313.

Purpose: To report the 3-year results of the MAJESTIC first-in-human study of the Eluvia Drug-Eluting Vascular Stent System for treating femoropopliteal artery lesions., Methods: The prospective, single-arm, multicenter clinical trial enrolled 57 patients with symptomatic lower limb ischemia (Rutherford category 2, 3, or 4) and lesions in the superficial femoral artery or proximal popliteal artery. Mean lesion length was 70.8 ± 28.1 mm, and 46% of lesions were occluded. Efficacy measures at 2 years included primary patency, defined as duplex ultrasound peak systolic velocity ratio of ≤2.5 and the absence of target lesion revascularization (TLR) or bypass. Safety monitoring through 3 years included adverse events and TLR., Results: Primary patency was estimated as 83.5% (Kaplan-Meier analysis) at 24 months, and 90.6% (48/53) of patients maintained an improvement in Rutherford class. At 36 months, the Kaplan-Meier estimate of freedom from TLR was 85.3%. No stent fractures were identified, and no major target limb amputations occurred., Conclusion: MAJESTIC results demonstrated long-term treatment durability among patients whose femoropopliteal arteries were treated with the paclitaxel-eluting Eluvia stent., Level of Evidence: Level 2b, cohort study.