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A simple sensor was developed for the colorimetric determination of captopril (CPT). Herein, hierarchical hollow MnO 2 microspheres (HH-MnO 2 ) were applied as nanozymes with peroxidase-mimetic activity. Free cation radicals with a strong absorption signal (λ max at 653 nm) were generated via a redox reaction between 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and HH-MnO 2 . Captopril could successfully prevent the generation of blue-colored free cation radicals. The influence of CPT concentration on the absorption of the generated radicals was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The corresponding linear concentration range was from 1.0 to 30.0 μg mL -1 (4.6-138.1 μmol L -1 ), and the detection limit was found to be 0.26 μg mL -1 (1.2 μmol L -1 ). As a practical usage, the developed sensor was effectively utilized to measure the content of CPT in pharmaceutical formulations., (© 2021. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A field-applicable colorimetric assay for fast detection of notorious explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP) has been developed through the selective irreversible oxidation of 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine by hydrogen peroxide (HP) liberated during the acidic hydrolysis/degradation of TATP in the presence of MnO 2 nanozymes. The generated HP was detected by probing the absorbance of the product (indamine polymer) of the 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) oxidation reaction at 460.0 nm. The UV-Vis measurements provided a linear range from 1.57 to 10.50 mg L -1 TATP with a detection limit of 0.34 mg L -1 . The oxidation of DAB cannot proceed by molecular oxygen, thus it is selectively oxidized by H 2 O 2 ; this prevents false-positive results from laundry detergents (containing O 2 -releasing substances). Moreover, a naked-eye field test was developed, and a fast spot test analyzing time of 5 s was achieved. The selectivity of the assay was checked by analyzing some synthetic samples prepared with a laundry detergent as camouflage. The results of the developed assay revealed quantitative recoveries for TATP whereas the standard nanozyme-based method showed significant false-positive results. Graphical abstract.

A nanobiocomposite was prepared from multiwalled carbon nanotubes and zein nanoparticles. It was dispersed in water/ethanol and drop cast onto a glassy carbon electrode. The modified electrode can be used for electroreduction of H 2 O 2 (typically at a working potential of -0.71 V vs. Ag/AgCl). The electrochemical properties of the electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Response to H 2 O 2 is linear in the 0.049 to 22 μM concentration range, and the detection limit is 35 nM at pH 7.0. The sensor was successfully utilized for the measurement of H 2 O 2 in a synthetic urine sample, and for monitoring the release of H 2 O 2 from human dermal fibroblasts and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of a novel metal- and enzyme-free electrochemical nanosensor. A glassy carbon electrode was modified with a nanocomposite prepared from multiwalled carbon nanotubes and zein nanoparticles. It was applied to the identification of liver cancer cells via sensing of H2O2 and has a very low detection limit.

A carbon electrode modified with the ionic liquid octylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate and copper hydroxide nanoparticles was employed in an electrochemical assay for simultaneous determination of captopril (CPT) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT). The electrode showed two well-defined oxidation peaks for CPT (at 0.22 V) and HCT (at 0.73 V, both vs. Ag/AgCl) at pH 8.0 using square wave voltammetry. Calibration plots are linear in the concentration ranges of 0.7-70 µM (CPT) and 3-600 μM (HCT), with detection limits of 12 and 60 nM, respectively. The electrode was repeatedly applied to simultaneous determination of CPT and HCT in pharmaceutical formulation without showing any fouling. Graphical abstract Application of carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) modified with Cu(OH) 2 nanoparticles (Cu(OH) 2 NP/CILE) for the simultaneous determination of captopril (CPT) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in pharmaceutical formulation is presented.

In this paper, nanoparticles of Fe3O4 as well as their modified forms with different ionic liquids (IL-Fe3O4) were prepared and used for adsorption of lysozyme. The mean size and the surface morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, XRD and FTIR techniques. Adsorption studies of lysozyme were performed under different experimental conditions in batch system on different modified magnetic nanoparticles such as, lysozyme concentration, pH of the solution, and contact time. Experimental results were obtained under the optimum operational conditions of pH 9.0 and a contact time of 10 min when initial protein concentrations of 0.05-2.0 mg mL(-1) were used. The isotherm evaluations revealed that the Langmuir model attained better fits to the equilibrium data than the Freundlich model. The maximum obtained adsorption capacities were 370.4, 400.0 500.0 and 526.3 mg of lysozyme for adsorption onto Fe3O4 and modified magnetic nanoparticles by [C4MIM][Br], [C6MIM][Br] and [C8MIM][Br] per gram of adsorbent, respectively. The Langmuir adsorption constants were 0.004, 0.019, 0.024 and 0.012 L mg(-1) for adsorptions of lysozyme onto Fe3O4 and modified magnetic nanoparticles by [C4MIM][Br], [C6MIM][Br] and [C8MIM][Br], respectively. The adsorption capacity of lysozyme was found to be dependent on its chemical structure, pH of the solution, temperature and type of ionic liquid as modifier. The applicability of two kinetic models including pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order model was estimated. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Protein could desorb from IL-Fe3O4 nanoparticles by using NaCl solution at pH 9.5 and was reused.

In this paper, adsorption behaviors of typical neutral (alanine), acidic (glutamic acid) and basic (lysine) amino acids onto the surfaces of neutral as well as positively and negatively charged silver chloride nanoparticles were examined. Silver chloride nanoparticles with different charges and different water content were synthesized by reverse micelle method. The adsorptions of the above mentioned amino acids onto the surfaces of differently charged silver chloride nanoparticles were found to depend strongly on various parameters including pH of the aqueous solution, type of amino acid, water to surfactant mole ratio, and type of charges on the surfaces of silver chloride nanoparticles. It was found that the interaction of -NH(3) (+) groups of the amino acids with silver ion could be a driving force for adsorption of amino acids. Alanine and Glutamic acid showed almost similar trend for being adsorbed on the surface of silver chloride nanoparticles. Electrostatic interaction, hydrophobicity of both nanoparticle and amino acid, complex formation between amine group and silver ion, interaction between protonated amine and silver ion as well as the number of nanoparticles per unit volume of solution were considered for interpreting the observed results.

In this paper, partitioning behaviors of typical neutral (Alanine), acidic (Glutamic acid) and basic (Lysine) amino acids into imidazolium-based ionic liquids [C(4)mim][PF(6)], [C(6)mim][PF(6)], [C(8)mim][PF(6)], [C(6)mim][BF(4)] and [C(8)mim][BF(4)] as extracting solvents were examined. [C(6)mim][BF(4)] showed the best efficiency for partitioning of amino acids. The partition coefficients of amino acids in ionic liquids were found to depend strongly on pH of the aqueous solution, amino acid and ionic liquid chemical structures. Different chemical forms of amino acids in aqueous solutions were pH dependent, so the pH value of the aqueous phase was a determining factor for extraction of amino acids into ionic liquid phase. Both water content of ionic liquids and charge densities of their anionic and cationic parts were important factors for partitioning of cationic and anionic forms of amino acids into ionic liquid phase. Extracted amino acids were back extracted into phosphate buffer solutions adjusted on appropriate pH values. The results showed that ionic liquids could be used as suitable modifiers on the stationary phase of an HPLC column for efficient separation of acidic, basic, and neutral amino acids.