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The sphenoid sinus (SS) is one of the four paired paranasal sinuses (PNSs) within the sphenoid bone body. Isolated pathologies of sphenoid sinus are uncommon. The patient may have various presentations like headache, nasal discharge, post nasal drip, or non-specific symptoms. Although rare, potential complications of sphenoidal sinusitis can range from mucocele to skull base or cavernous sinus involvement, or cranial neuropathy. Primary tumors are rare and adjoining tumors secondarily invading the sphenoid sinus is seen. Multidetector computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the primary imaging modalities used to diagnose various forms of sphenoid sinus lesions and complications. We have compiled anatomic variants and various pathologies affecting sphenoid sinus lesions in this article., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency, locations, and dimensions of mucous retention cysts of the maxillary sinus and analyze potential associated dental pathology., Materials and Methods: A total of 156 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were included in the analysis, resulting in an evaluation of 310 maxillary sinuses. The presence of mucous retention cysts (MRC) manifesting as dome-shaped radiopacities in the sinus was diagnosed. Their locations were recorded, and dimensions (mm) were measured in coronal and sagittal/axial slices. The patients were grouped into (a) patients/sinuses with MRCs (test), and (b) patients/sinuses with healthy or any other changes (control) for further comparison and evaluation., Results: There were 40 sinuses (12.9%) with a presence of a total of 56 MRCs. The mean age of involved patients was 29.0 years. The analysis showed that gender, age, sinus side, status of dentition, endodontic status, and periodontal status did not have a significant influence on the presence of MRCs when compared between test and control groups. Age and endodontic status exhibited a significant association with cyst location., Conclusions: Most of the sinuses analyzed (79.5%) did not present any MRC, and only 28.6% of the cysts diagnosed were found on the floor of the maxillary sinus. The mean dimension of the MRCs measured 6.28 ± 2.93 mm. No influencing factors on the presence or absence of MRCs were found in the present study., Clinical Relevance: Most MRCs were not located on the floor of maxillary sinus. Future studies should assess their impact on surgical interventions in the sinus.

A 40-year-old patient presented with an orbital tumor of the right eye accompanied by visual impairment and macular folds. The diagnosis of mucocele was made through clinical and radiological investigations. The excision of the mucocele was performed immediately. As early as 8 weeks after the operation, an obvious increase in visual acuity was noticed. At this time, the macular folds were no longer detectable.

Although ultrasonography is a non-invasive, inexpensive and painless diagnostic tool for soft tissue imaging, this technique is not currently used for oral exploration. Therefore, we developed a 25-MHz high-frequency ultrasound probe, specially designed for intraoral applications. This paper aims to present clinical intraoral ultrasound images actually interpretable, in order to identify the relevant applications of this novel tool and to design future oral studies. Two independent radiologists performed ultrasound examinations on three healthy volunteers. All the teeth were explored on the lingual and buccal sides (162 samples) to evaluate the ergonomics of the system and the visualisation of anatomic structures. Osseointegrated dental implants and a mucocele were also scanned. At the gingivodental junction of the maxillary and mandibular teeth, the device clearly identifies the tooth surfaces, the alveolar bone reflection with its surrounding subepithelial connective tissue of the gingiva and the gingival epithelia. The bone level and the thickness of soft tissue around the implant are measurable on the buccal and lingual sides. Therefore, intraoral ultrasonography provides additional morphological information that is not accessible by conventional dental x-rays. We propose a novel diagnostic tool that explores the biological width and is able to define the thin or thick nature of the gums. Moreover, intraoral ultrasonography may help to monitor precancerous lesions. This promising device requires large-scale clinical studies to determine whether it should remain a research tool or be used as a diagnostic tool for daily dental practice.

Background: This paper describes an infrequent case of an intraosseous mucocele after chin augmentation using a nasal osseocartilaginous graft. Diagnostics, therapy, and clinical course of this rare complication are discussed based on our own experience and a review of the current scientific literature., Case Report: Radiological examination of a 22-year-old patient revealed an oval lucent area approximately 3x1 cm in size with sclerotic rim. Cartilaginous material directly fused to the cyst wall was detected during surgery. The results of histological examination indicated parts of a cyst wall lined with respiratory epithelium located over normally maturing cartilaginous tissue. Postoperative long-term drainage with consecutive reduction of the cyst lumen was followed by cystectomy and concurrent osteoplasty and onlay graft., Discussion: This case presented here is-as far as we know-one of three manifestations of a respiratory implantation cyst published. Its origin is most likely based on epithelium-like cells that have been incompletely removed from the resected nasal hump. Although severe complications of this technique have rarely been described, the surgeon must be aware of possible long-term side effects and should meticulously remove adherent nasal mucosa from the graft.

The clinical and radiological differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the head and neck region can be difficult. We report two cases of submandibular gland mucoceles presenting as cystic masses in the submandibular region. The imaging characteristics and differential diagnosis are discussed.

Mucocele of the petrous apex is very rare, only three cases having been reported. Since this area is inaccessible to direct examination, imaging, preferably high resolution computed tomography (HR CT) is essential. We report a case showing an eroding, non enhancing mass with sharp, lobulated contours, within the petrous apex. The presence of a large air cell on the opposite side suggested a mucocele.

We present a patient with dysphagia resulting from a pedunculated, spontaneous mucocele of the upper esophagus. We briefly discuss the radiologic, endoscopic, and pathologic findings of this unusual lesion.

A case of a congenital nasolacrimal mucocele is reported. This very uncommon finding presents usually with a diagnostic triad on CT: an intranasal cystic mass, a dilated nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac.

This paper describes the CT findings in a case of bilateral congenital lacrimal sac mucoceles in a full-term infant. The patient was also found to have a unilateral choanal stenosis.

We report the case of an infant who developed severe nasal obstruction as an unusual first presentation of cystic fibrosis (CF). Computed tomography (CT) showed homogeneous opacification of the symmetrically enlarged paranasal sinuses that gave the clue for the final diagnosis.

Computed tomography (CT) has given us a new method for examining the orbit and its contents. The technique of examination is described, and the indications for the application of computed tomography in ophthalmology are considered: suspected orbital tumors, unilateral exophthalmos, pareses of the ocular muscles, traumatic lesions and malformations in the region of the orbit. The findings in 210 cases of orbital lesions examined in this study are reported and the differential diagnosis is discussed. Considerable improvement and greater accuracy in diagnosis have been achieved in the field of ophthalmology by using computed tomography. Early tumor visualization is possible without risk or discomfort to the patient.

A case of calcified and infected mucocele of the appendix is reported. The appearance of the calcification, the presence of gas with an air fluid level on plain films, and the opacification of the lumen of the mucocele by opaque enema allowed the correct radiologic diagnosis to be made.

A subglottic mucocele caused partial obstruction of the upper airways. The radiologic findings were asymmetrical narrowing of the subglottic area with a mass arising from its posterior wall simulating a subglottic hemangioma. Surgical treatment was successfull.