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Abstract Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less, self-motivated, arbitrary, self-configuring, rapidly changing, multi-hop network that is self-possessing wireless bandwidth-conscious links without centrally managed router support. In such a network, wireless media is easy to snoop. It is firm to the surety to access any node, easier to insertion of bad elements or attackers for malicious activities in the network. Therefore, security issues become one of the significant considerations for such kind of networks. The deployment of an effective intrusion detection system is important in order to provide protection against various attacks. In this paper, a Digitally Signed Secure Acknowledgement Method (DSSAM) with the use of the RSA digital signature has been proposed and simulated. Three different parameters are considered, namely secure acknowledgment, node authentication, and packet authentication for study. This article observes the DSSAM performance and compares it with two existing standard methods, namely Watchdog and 2-ACK under standard Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) routing environment. In the end, it is noticed that the rate of detection of malicious behaviour is better in the case of the proposed method. However, associated overheads are high. A trade-off between performance and overhead has been considered.

Abstract One of the major applications of the Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) is in the healthcare system. Deploying HetNet in healthcare systems enables patients, physicians, and other stakeholders to communicate easily with each other. Due to the large growth in the network’s subscribers, the security of the stored health data became one of the major concerns because unauthorized access to this data may lead to very serious complications, and unreliable transmission of data may lead to fatal risks to the patient’s life. Therefore, taking data integrity into consideration, user authentication has become one of the main factors. However, significant research work has been performed at HetNet’s physical layer to secure communication, but the result of this leads to an increase in hardware components. The increasing hardware components not only costs money but also power consumption. Therefore, this paper presents an alternate way of securing communication in HetNet at the network layer. However, resolving security problems at the network layer increases computational complexity. Nevertheless, earlier, some encryption techniques like identity-based encryption (IBE), symmetric key encryption (SKE), and public-key encryption (PKE) have been utilized for securing data. Due to their own disadvantages, this paper utilizes an attribute-based encryption (ABE) authentication scheme for securing health data in medical applications. With the help of this method, access to the intruders is denied which results in reduced communication overhead. This authentication scheme helps protect the essential information against attacks by the intruders. It includes a third party server that helps to authenticate and store patient’s information. The whole security technique has been written in the form of HLPSL (high-level protocol specification language) codes, and the results are then validated with the help of AVISPA (automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications) tool.

Abstract Background Wood identification is extremely important in the modern forest industry. Teak (Tectona grandis L. family verbanaceae), Black Rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia L. family Fabaceae), and Ben Teak (Lagerstroemia lanceolata L. family Lytheraceae) are significant economic timber species in tropical countries. T. grandis is one of the most expensive hardwoods. It occurs naturally in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Java, and Laos in South Asia. L. lanceolata a strong associate of T. grandis occurs in deciduous forest-adjoining states of Karnataka such as Andhra Pradesh and Telangana state in India. D. latifolia distributed in India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. The selected valuable timbers threatened illegal logging and deforestation. It is challenging for non-taxonomist to accurately recognize and identify the timber species based on the conventional methods. DNA barcoding technologies and large-scale screening of DNA variation in trees can be done routinely and much faster with higher taxonomic resolution than morphological determination methods. In this study, we selected two plastid-specific ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), maturase K (matK), and one nuclear-specific trnH-ITS (intergenic spacer region)-conserved barcoding marker to compare species inter- and intradetailed discrimination. The aim of this study was to develop an accurate species and their provenance identification to support conservation efforts of three selected species viz T. grandis, D. latifolia, and L. lanceolata in Karnataka, India. Results Among the three selected markers, only two markers (rbcL and trnH-ITS) were having potential to amplify and discriminate the intra- and interspecific regions of selected timbers and would have been used to get barcodes for each species. Additionally, rbcL (90–96%) has a higher discrimination dominance over trnH-ITS (80–86%). From the barcoding results, it was found that the T. grandis and D. latifolia samples that belong to the Institute of Wood Science and Technology Bangalore are genetically more related to Dharwad than Hassan region in Karnataka. Conclusion The present study provided a database in which DNA sequences from unknown samples could be matched as well as required sequences from which other timbers or plant species could be identified. The use of inbuilt unique properties of DNA database within a timber would serve as an important molecular element in forensic forestry to support the determination of identifying the species and their adulterants.