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Abstract Digital transformation is a growth strategy that has attracted a significant amount investment and is projected to boost the global economy by 2030. However, organizations face challenges in their efforts to develop effective approaches to digital transformation because of the constant need for new strategic choices. Dynamic capabilities and change management are vital with respect to organizations’ ability to maintain competitiveness in the changing environment established by digital technologies. The effective management of these changes is crucial, and failure is often the result of the absence of a suitable change management model. This study examines the significance of dynamic capabilities in digital transformation and explores the mediating role of a well-defined approach to change management in the context of digital projects. A quantitative research approach is used to investigate a population of 902 managers and team leaders working in the telecommunications sector in Yemen. A questionnaire is developed and administered to a sample of 350 participants, and the data collected were analyzed via SmartPLS. The findings reveal a positive relationship between dynamic capabilities and the successful implementation of digital transformation initiatives. Effective change management techniques facilitate digital transformation by playing a mediating role in the abovementioned relationship. The results of this research provide valuable insights into the theoretical framework underlying this topic by integrating dynamic capabilities, change management, and digital transformation. This information can help decision-makers in the telecommunications sector develop a roadmap for successful digital transformation projects in their organizations.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers and drivers of digitalization in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, the study aimed to identify the key factors influencing the adoption and implementation of digital technologies in SMEs, understand the challenges faced by these organizations in their digital transformation journey. In this study, a fuzzy logic methodology was employed to assess the digitalization process of 4531 SMEs. Additionally, an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to determine the weights of the dimensions in the fuzzy analysis. This allowed for a more accurate and precise assessment of the digitalization levels in SMEs. Furthermore, statistical analysis techniques were utilized to analyze the data and draw meaningful conclusions. The study revealed that insufficient financial resources, high investment costs, resistance from workers, a shortage of well-qualified staff, lack of knowledge about technology providers, high IT security requirements, the absence of a digital transformation-oriented business culture, and the application of fuzzy logic as a methodology were the key findings in the digitalization process of SMEs. These findings highlight the complex challenges faced by SMEs and emphasize the need to address these barriers to facilitate successful digital transformation.

Abstract This systematic literature review (SLR) identifies and ranks the decisions that can be considered critical for entrepreneurs at the early stage of the start-up process. The sample (N = 56) derived from the SLR contained primary publications from the A + and A journals of the VHB-Journal ranking. Deductive and inductive approaches were used to define the critical decision domains. Then, the relevance of the domains was evaluated using the frequency of the selected studies. A key implication for founders is to understand that not all decisions that could be taken in the early stage may be critical for success. Most critical seems to invest time and effort in the, what we label the internal business and human core (Core People and Product Definition) and the external business and human core (Market segment selection and Partnerships). This study depicts an integrated view of the fragmented field of critical decisions in the context of early-stage start-ups by using a SLR. Thus, it creates value for theory-building and practitioners in entrepreneurship and innovation.

Abstract Employee innovative behaviour shapes the core competitiveness of an enterprise. Leadership style has been shown to influence employee innovative behaviour significantly. This research paper fills the gap by exploring the relationship between distributed leadership as an emerging leadership style and employee innovative behaviour along with psychological empowerment as mediator and organizational innovation climate as a moderator. 567 responses were collected from 29 different regions in China based on their availability through an adapted questionnaire. The data were analyzed using statistical software Mplus 6.0 and SPSS 19.0. The research results show that distributed leadership not only positively affects the innovative behaviour of employees but also has a positive impact on psychological empowerment and such empowerment positively influences employee innovative behaviour. The results also confirm that psychological empowerment mediates the relationship between the innovative behaviour of employees and distributed leadership. In addition, the organizational innovation climate moderates the relationship between psychological empowerment and the innovative behaviour of employees. The study not only contributed by confirming the moderating effect of organizational innovation climate on the relationship between psychological empowerment and employee innovative behaviour but also added directions for future researchers to explore more about the relationship between psychological empowerment and employee innovative behaviour along with theoretical research on enterprise leadership and management.

Abstract This study examined the influence of climate change vulnerability on the external debt vulnerability of Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on the Vulnerable Twenties (V20s), utilizing panel data spanning from 2015 to 2020. The climate readiness, climate vulnerability, and external debt vulnerability indices were derived via principal component analysis (PCA). The results from the system GMM analysis indicate that climate readiness exhibits a negative and significant impact across short- and long-term periods for the overall sample. However, for the V20s, the negative effect of climate readiness shifts to a positive and significant one over both short and long terms, with the long-term effect being more notable. These findings highlight a vicious cycle between debt and climate crises within the V20s. Thus, prioritizing debt relief over climate finance loans, decarbonizing greenhouse gas emissions, redirecting funds for climate goals, improving debt practices, and investing in public services would break nations’ vicious cycle of debt and climate vulnerability.

Abstract Successful investment in early-stage companies has high uncertainty. More specifically, the tools available to investors need to be more robust to reduce the risk and manage the uncertainty of startups. This research aims to use machine learning methods to design a prediction solution to identify successful startups for investors. In order to design the predicting solution and provide policies, classification, and clustering algorithms have been utilized to predict the success of startups and perform feature importance analysis based on the SHAP and permutation methods. Subsequently, the performance of four classification algorithms, such as Random Forest, Gradient Boost, Multilayer Perceptron, Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine, are compared to predict business success. Meanwhile, Random Forest and Gradient Boosting algorithms showed the best accuracy, which was equal to 82% and 80%, respectively. Based on the feature importance of Random Forest and Gradient Boosting, which is obtained from the SHAP method, indicated that the higher values of “Number of followers on LinkedIn”, “Number of employees on LinkedIn”, “Number of followers on Twitter”, and “Last raised amount” have higher SHAP values and a more significant impact on the model output. Three clustering algorithms including hierarchy, K-means, and DBSCAN were also compared. Among them, the K-means algorithm performs best with 72% silhouette, and K-means was employed to explain each cluster’s characteristics. Finally, an effective artificial intelligence-based prediction solution has been proposed to show the way for investors to apply machine learning concepts to predict the success of startups.

Abstract Providing quality service is the major concern of many public organizations. However, the way to provide immediate service (responsiveness), the capacity to deliver on promises of accurate and consistent service (reliability), the degree of trust and confidence of students in the service provided by the college (assurance), the physical appearances of the service that the college offers (tangibility) and understanding the needs of students in the college are not as such potential. Thus, the study aims to investigate the effect of a quality service system on student satisfaction in Business and Economics College, University of Gondar. An explanatory research design with a quantitative research approach was employed to address the specified objectives. The population of the study was 6323 and out of these, 376 samples were drawn through stratified random sampling technique. Of 376 self-administer questionnaires, 263 were valuable for this analysis. One of the objectives of the study was to understand the dominant service quality dimension. The finding of the mean score of SERVQUAL dimensions portrays that students are less satisfied with dimension responsiveness (M = 2.31), which implies that the way students get an immediate response for their need showed very low followed by dimension empathy (M = 2.63) i.e., the willingness of staff to support or help students, spontaneous care and concern of staff to student’s needs, is lower, whereas with tangibles, assurance, and reliability are better. The PLS-SEM analysis result confirmed that tangibility and assurance has a significant effect but other service quality dimensions are not.

Abstract This study aims at assessing business landscape and growth determinants of micro- and small enterprises working in WASH sector. The study also investigates the effect of determinant factors on enterprise growth. The study population comprised 6000 enterprises working in six cities. The study used varieties of data collection instruments including questionnaire administered with randomly selected enterprises and collected valid data from a total of 300 enterprises; conducted 24 Key informant interviews with different officials in the Cities who are concerned with WASH products and services including private WASH goods and service suppliers; conducted 12 FGDs with utility officers; community representatives; enterprise owners to triangulate the data come up with the questionnaire result. The WASH business landscape in Ethiopia faced several challenges that hinder its ability to create demand for WASH products and services among enterprises. These challenges include inadequate and ineffective demand creation efforts, low capacity of private commercial operators, limited financial services available to both the private sector and households, inadequate business support services at the local level, and inadequate workspace for WASH enterprises. However, there are also several drivers of WASH sector development in the city, such as increased government commitment to supporting access to WASH services through policies and budget support, support from development partners like the World Bank, and an increase in the city’s population. The structural equation modeling result revealed that finance resources, administrative skills, marketing competence, and technical support were found to be significant. However, infrastructure facility was found insignificant. The study recommended that the government and stakeholders come together to support enterprises and play their roles in the growth of enterprises in Ethiopia.

Abstract Research and innovation (R&I) institutions must commercialize their innovations to remain competitive in a knowledge-based economy. While R&I institutions in Uganda have the potential to drive socioeconomic development, a clear understanding of the commercialization pathway is lacking. This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the systemic, infrastructural, and financial factors that drive and hinder the commercialization of innovations at R&I institutions in Uganda. This study offers the first comprehensive examination of the systemic, infrastructural, and financial dimensions influencing innovation commercialization within Uganda's R&I ecosystem, presenting new empirical evidence on the prioritized barriers and drivers as perceived by key stakeholders. Employing a mixed-method approach, this study uniquely combines quantitative surveys with qualitative case studies and key informant interviews, enabling a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted drivers of and barriers to innovation commercialization in Uganda. The study employed the Delphi technique to identify consensus among key informants. The findings highlight the urgent barriers to address, including fragmented R&I ecosystems, inadequate support infrastructure, such as technology transfer offices, and significant gaps in innovation financing. These issues underscore the urgent need for targeted policy interventions. Based on our findings, we recommend the establishment of a national innovation fund, enhancement of public private partnerships for R&D infrastructure development, and formulation of a cohesive national policy framework to streamline commercialization processes at R&I institutions. This study provides policymakers with a data-driven foundation to craft targeted interventions aimed at removing the identified barriers, thereby catalyzing the commercialization of innovations in Uganda's R&I institutions.

Abstract With much of the literature declaring little role for financial systems in boosting a nation's share of innovative entrepreneurs, this study argues that financial systems play an important role when other parts of the national business systems —skills and government— are weak. This argument is supported by an analysis of a panel data set comprising 283 country-year data over five years. Overall, this research contributes to a stream of research about the context for entrepreneurial aspirations or entrepreneurship quality. The study empirically confirms an idea seldom tested: the interplay required between systems components, such as institutions, to increase national innovative capacity.

Abstract This study investigates the mediating effect of regulatory compliance mechanisms on the association between environmental knowledge and environmental sustainability practices of manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Uganda. This study was cross-sectional and correlational. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 254 manufacturing SMEs and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), following Baron and Kenny, as well as bootstrap guidelines, to establish the association between the study variables and the mediating effect of regulatory compliance mechanisms. The study results indicate the following: (1) environmental knowledge and regulatory compliance mechanisms significantly explain the environmental sustainability practices of manufacturing SMEs; (2) environmental knowledge is significantly related to regulatory compliance mechanisms; (3) regulatory compliance mechanisms partially mediate the environmental knowledge and environmental sustainability practices of manufacturing SMEs. This study contributes to the existing literature on environmental sustainability practices as it offers initial empirical evidence on the mediating effect of regulatory compliance mechanisms in the association between environmental knowledge and environmental sustainability practices of manufacturing SMEs.

Abstract This study proposes a comprehensive MedTech product innovation development framework tailored for university research commercialization within emerging markets. The MediGate framework, built on the Augmented Stage-Gate model, addresses the unique challenges of MedTech innovation, including regulatory compliance, stakeholder engagement, and market dynamics. The framework integrates critical decision-making criteria for different types of inventions to drive academic research toward commercialization in clinical settings. Through detailed case studies, including innovations like albumin strip test, 3D-printed patient-specific implant, COVID-19 nasal spray, and AI platform for depression detection, and iterative refinement, the framework provides actionable guidelines for navigating the complexities of product development. These guidelines ensure alignment with clinical needs, regulatory requirements, and market strategies. The research highlights the importance of early-stage valuation, reimbursement strategies, legal and IP considerations, and manufacturing and quality management. By offering a structured pathway, this research contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of MedTech commercialization, aiming to enhance innovation success and healthcare impact in emerging markets.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of various dynamic capabilities (Innovation (IN), entrepreneurial leadership (EL), Social media (SM), and digital technology (DT)) on Business performance (BP). This study also analysis the mediating impact of talent management(TM), and Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) between EL, and Business performance. The reason for this is that in the handicraft industry SM, DT TM, and SR impact on business performance are still not fully understood. We have adopted a survey-based methodology from 410 handicraft artisans or entrepreneurs. Data was empirically analyzed to test the theoretical model of mediation through Smart partial least square method (SMART PLS-SEM) software. The study's findings prove entrepreneurial EL improves Business performance whereas the association between Social media (SM) and BP is insignificant. The mediating impact of Talent management, EO, and strategic resilience was statistically positive and significant and proved that bridging between BP and all three mediators supports and makes stronger EL for boosting business performance. Innovation, and digital technology, positively affect Business performance. This study explores artisans' formal entrepreneurial EL style. This study is unique because the Dynamic capability theory (DCT) as an extension of the resource-based view (RBV) has been used for critical business factors like EL, strategic resilience, Business performance, digital technology, innovation, and talent management in the handicraft sector will be extended. This study also proposes a new Digital capability view (DCV) for future study. This study will explore the theoretical and practical understating of (DCT) with managerial use of EL, Innovation, and TM for boosting Business performance.

Abstract Through empirical investigations into university spin-offs (USOs), we discovered innovativeness benefits derived from maintaining both academia and business partners at a distance. Distance should not be misconstrued as isolation; rather, it emphasises specific attributes where partners are maintained at arm’s length, affecting co-creation. Consequently, this paper explores how distance impacts the co-creation and innovativeness of USOs. It presents a longitudinal case study of a Swedish USO and conceptualises various types of distances, including actor-type, industry, supply-chain, geographical and knowledge-related distances. We explore the interplay between these different distance types as antecedents to USOs’ innovativeness and co-creation activities. The paper contributes to the existing literature by introducing the concept of distance as a critical characteristic affecting innovativeness and co-creation. By delineating various types of distances, it refines previous research on the characteristics of firm connections within university and business ecosystems.

Abstract This study investigates the substantial influence of digital transformation (DT) on enhancing organisational resilience by examining the contributions of organisational learning and innovation—dimensions frequently overlooked in prior research. By addressing this gap, the study not only empirically validates these associations, but also conducts a rigorous examination using a sample of 376 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Andalusia region of Spain, selected through purposive sampling to include 259 respondents. The findings from regression analysis reveal how digital technologies facilitate organisational learning and innovation, thereby augmenting the resilience of SMEs. Empirical evidence indicates that these technologies enhance SMEs' learning capacity and stimulate innovation, ultimately improving their adaptability. This increased flexibility enables SMEs to respond adeptly to market fluctuations and capitalise on emerging opportunities.

Abstract A number of empirical studies have underscored the significance of entrepreneurial orientation in understanding the dynamic business environment driven by entrepreneurial actions. However, the notion of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) has received less attention in scholarly literature. It’s widely acknowledged that entrepreneurial education (EE) makes a substantial contribution to a country’s economy. It’s believed that EE can empower individuals and thus play a crucial role in addressing various societal challenges faced by countries globally. Nonetheless, the influence of EE on the IEO of university students, and whether it effectively guides them towards an entrepreneurial career, hasn’t been thoroughly examined. This study aimed to explore the influence of EE on the IEO of university students. This study focuses on two distinct economies—a developing one (South Africa) and a developed one (Scotland), the latter being recognized for its high-quality EE and a high proportion of individuals opting for entrepreneurial careers. A quantitative research approach was followed making use of an adapted questionnaire, which was analysed with SPSS and EQS 6.4 using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance and path model analysis. A total of 2841 questionnaires were distributed online, yielding 575 valid responses. Findings indicate that EE significantly influences the IEO of university students in South Africa, but to a lesser extent in Scotland. The study expands the existing body of knowledge on IEO of university students. In addition, it provides insight for policymakers in the respective countries.

Abstract Science, technology, and innovation (STI) systems are fundamental to the economic development of any nation. However, their high hierarchy and centralization create inequities for the more dispersed regions to access their benefits. Traditional approaches to STI system decentralization have been through public control and investment policies, posing a challenge for emerging economies. Given these conditions, it is necessary to explore alternative approaches such as open innovation (OI), which can facilitate bringing the STI system to the regions by breaking its hierarchical structure; and organizational ecology (OE), which can contribute to the construction of ecosystemic appropriation of STI in the regions. The objective of this research is to propose a conceptual model that addresses the need to decentralize Colombia's STI system through an alternative approach to public policy governance, utilizing OI and OE. The methodology used for this research is Design Science Research (DSR), which allows for the creation of an artifact-type model, validated through the representational validation technique, supported by a cross-impact analysis matrix completed by 67% members of the subregional STI committees in the department of Caldas. The result is a conceptual model that integrates the components of Colombia's STI system, decentralizes them through OI factors, and ensures the ecosystemic appropriation of STI in the regions through OE factors. Model criteria, such as organizational readiness, collaborative capacity, absorptive capacities, intellectual capital, technological capital, and local niche, are presented as key elements in the decentralization of the STI system and the ecosystemic appropriation in the co-creation of a mutualistic STI system in Colombia's regions. The findings of the model represent an integrated model that unfolds sequentially; the first phase develops the decentralization through OI factors, and the second phase develops the ecosystemic appropriation from OE factors. This research contributes an integrated OI and OE model as an alternative to the traditional STI system decentralization approach from public policy governance and nation-region control, overcoming the hierarchical barrier of the system and granting ecosystemic appropriation of science, technology, and innovation in the regions.

Abstract This article aims to investigate the effect of customer empowerment on their engagement on sharing platform in the retailing sector via the mediating role of service innovation and customer trust. This study utilized a quantitative design emphasizing mature theory research. The research sample consisted of 457 customers of sharing platform for the retailing sector, using a partial least square-structural equation model (PLS-SEM) for hypothesis testing. The result reveals that customer empowerment positively and significantly affects customer engagement directly and via service innovation as a mediating mechanism on the sharing platform. However, trust in the platform does not mediate this relationship. It is advisable to retailers on sharing platform to create a leading position in this market by enhancing customer engagement and promoting service innovation via customer empowerment. This paper develops a conceptual framework for customer engagement on sharing platform in the sharing economy via service innovation based on giving empowerment to customers.

Abstract Entrepreneurship educators (EEs) are critical in fostering entrepreneurship and innovation in emerging economies, as they play a vital part in developing talent, which further contributes to a knowledge-based economy. The value of EEs is in promoting entrepreneurship education and highlighting the significance of developing an entrepreneurial mindset among students. Primary data was collected by conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews involving educators affiliated with public and private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the UAE. Participants were selected by adopting random sampling and snowballing techniques. Our findings not only shed light on the challenges faced by EEs but also underscore the urgent need for better support from institutions. This support is crucial for EEs to make an effective contribution to developing a professional workforce that can significantly impact students and the community. We also advocate strategies for fostering experiential learning, which include giving EEs more autonomy and support by establishing dedicated entrepreneurship centers. This work is a call to action, contributing to the further development of the literature on EE, which has received much lesser academic attention than it deserves. It also lays a foundation for further cross-country studies.

Abstract Understanding labor market dynamics remains a pivotal aspect within contemporary economic discourse, as necessitates the pursuit of effective employment models to ensure steady progress in the conditions of changes in the economic structure. The aim of the research is to examine the dynamics of the labor market in developing countries, with particular emphasis on China and Kazakhstan, taking into account economic, social, and technological trends. The methodology includes the analytic and comparison of trends in the labor market in developing countries, such as China and Kazakhstan over the past 20 years, and also monitoring the socio-economic nature of the labor process. The study identified changes in the labor market and provided empirical evidence for new forms of employment, utilizing comparative analysis and data visualization of the sectoral structure of the economy and global labor market trends up to 2027. The obtained results provide three main conclusions: a decrease in demand for low-skilled workers and an increase in demand for highly qualified individuals; the emergence of jobs with low levels of social protection; new forms of employment-oriented towards workers outside the social security system, domestic workers, and self-employed individuals. These types of employment can fill jobs in platform and piecework economies, cooperativism, and the sharing economy, which allows employers in developing markets to optimize employment. The findings of the study can contribute to understanding the functioning of the labor market in developing countries including the development of small and medium-sized businesses, startups, and innovative projects, and may be applicable in the development of economic and social policies for sustainable economic growth and social stability.

Abstract The study investigates how microfinance interventions and the entrepreneurial engagement of Self-Help Group (SHGs) members impact women’s social and economic empowerment in rural communities. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis and qualitative insights gathered through surveys, interviews, and case studies. The study’s findings demonstrated a notably positive and moderately significant impact of microfinance and entrepreneurial engagement on the social, economic, and psychological dimensions of women’s empowerment. Furthermore, the inclusion of case studies provided evidence that microfinance activities and entrepreneurship involvement have substantially empowered women across various domains, such as increasing financial independence, enhancing participation in decision-making processes, fostering social networks and support, and boosting their overall self-confidence and well-being. These insights emphasise the transformative potential of microfinance initiatives in advancing gender equality and women’s empowerment in diverse socio-economic contexts.

Abstract We draw intuitions from the systemic perspective of innovation to develop and test a conceptual model aimed at examining the various factors capable of influencing the novelty of innovations within firms in Visegrad countries. The empirical results based on the analyses of about 2,132 firms revealed that organisational strategies, external collaborations, engaging in research and development, and the legal status of firms marginally influence innovation novelties. Contrary to our expectations, we found that intellectual property rights and bureaucratic ties do not significantly influence innovation novelties. Business cities are also positively correlated with firms’ innovation novelties whilst legal status is not. The main practical implication of the research is that firm managers in the Visegrad Group aiming to improve and sustain the novelty of innovations should consider strengthening their external collaborations as well as having business strategies that must include innovations as well as research and development (R&D). We discuss some implications for theory and policy.

Abstract Agriculture is the major source of income and employment creation for majority of least developed countries. Ethiopia as one of least developed countries of sub-Saharan Africa, majority of its citizen’s livelihood is predominantly dependent on agricultural products, more specifically on the production of cereal crops (Alemayehu et al. in Adv Crop Sci Technol 6(1):1–9, 2018). This study is conducted to identify the determinants of household to adopt and use improved maize seed, one of highly cultivated cereal crops in Eastern Amhara of Ethiopia. The data used in this study are secondary data collected by the agriculture office of Amhara regional state from 3864 household farmers living in the study area in 2022 fiscal year. To address the objective of the study, both descriptive and econometric methods of data analysis are applied. Because of the binary nature of adoption to be either adaptor or non-adaptor, probit regression model is applied. The probit model result shows that being male-headed household, rural credit provision, access to irrigation and the use of fertilizers affect the tendency of adopting improved maize seeds are positively related, while total arable land size owned by farmers negatively affects adoption status. Based on this result, the researcher recommends that government and other institutions should be invited to facilitate and directly involve in providing credit, irrigation, and fertilizers in the study area.

Abstract Exploring the constituent elements of teacher leadership is an important research direction for bringing innovation and entrepreneurship within teacher leadership research. However, there are very few studies on the components of teacher leadership based on the perspective of innovative teacher behaviour. This paper uses the method of grounded theory and the three-level coding technology of the qualitative analysis software Nvivo12.0 to code and analyse 33 Chinese core journal texts about teacher leadership in the CNKI database. In these texts, teaching students in an innovative and entrepreneurial way is the fundamental element, leading colleagues and assisting leaders to represent higher-level relationship elements, serving society is the highest-level element, and developing oneself is the driving force that runs through the entire process. A deep understanding of the constituent elements and structural dimensions of teacher leadership can help promote innovation and entrepreneurship through teachers’ independent development, mutual assistance, and cooperation, improve teachers’ leadership performance, and promote the development of students and schools.

Abstract Since the seminal work of MM irrelevance theory, there has been a long history of controversy among academicians both in developed and developing nations regarding the determinants of capital structure. To this end, the main aim of this study was to investigate firm-specific and country-level determinants of the capital structure of Ethiopian commercial banks. The study adopted an explanatory research design with a quantitative research approach. A panel dataset was obtained from 14 commercial banks, which range from 2010 to 2022. A random effect panel regression result revealed that tangibility, non-debt tax shields, growth, and interest rate had a positive and significant effect, while the gross domestic product had a negative and significant effect on leverage which is used as a measure of capital structure. Among the independent variables tested, ROA, liquidity, effective tax rate, risk, and inflation have an insignificant effect on the capital structure of the selected commercial banks. The study will have implications for managers of commercial banks, legislators, regulators, and other interested parties that can use the study's conclusions to help them make well-informed capital decisions and implement the necessary measures to enhance the financial performance of Ethiopian banks with an optimal ratio of debt to equity.

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced a significant increase in its application in the educational field worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the acceptance of AI and its effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of international trade university students in Peru and Ecuador. With a quantitative approach and a non-experimental applied design, an online survey was administered to international trade students from Peru and Ecuador. Amos version 24 software was used to obtain model fit indices and perform gender-based invariance tests. Additionally, SmartPLS statistical software, based on the partial least squares (PLS) technique, was employed to test the hypotheses of the structural equation model (SEM). The measurement model presented acceptable fit indices. When calculating invariance, the configural, metric, and scalar models were satisfactory, although the residual model was not confirmed. It was found that hedonic motivation, habit, and performance expectations influenced international trade students’ intention to use AI. Likewise, it was discovered that the intention to use AI tools has an effect on entrepreneurial intention. Gender and age did not moderate the effect of AI usage intention on entrepreneurial intention. The study provides empirical evidence on the acceptance of AI and its influence on students’ entrepreneurial intentions, offering valuable information for educators, policymakers, and technology developers in the educational field.

Abstract Muslim modest fashion is experiencing unprecedented growth in the fashion industry, driven by young Muslim women consumers worldwide expressing interest in this market segment. Yet, few scholars have examined women entrepreneurs who created modest Islamic fashion brands and their experiences launching and sustaining their businesses, particularly how their intersectional identities inform their business practices and outcomes. Therefore, we asked, (1) Why and how did Muslim women entrepreneurs start their modest fashion brands? (2) What are their experiences starting and sustaining their modest fashion brands; and (3) How do agency, intersectionality, and oppression intersect with these women’s experiences? To understand the lived experiences of these entrepreneurs, we conducted oral histories with three Muslim women entrepreneurs. Following thematic analysis using open, axial, and selective coding, we identified numerous themes that help explain their entrepreneurial experiences. Overall, the women started their businesses to create the much-needed space for Muslim women in the fashion system as modest fashion was largely non-existent. The women started with a few products and largely one target market in mind, yet expanded to other religions that embody modesty values. In sustaining their businesses, the owners were highly controlling and involved in every aspect of their business. They expressed starting and sustaining their business was difficult due to their lack of experience, the time intensity of running their business, and difficulty in finding funding. Additionally, they had added layers of White supremacy in these experiences as women of color business owners. Yet, they expressed numerous successful strategies including centering the nuanced Muslim woman identity in product design and marketing. Their consumers expressed much ambivalence in that they loved and criticized the brands for various reasons. The entrepreneurs certainly focused their business on Muslim identities, but also had heightened awareness and attention to environmental justice given the state of the fashion system and its negative contributions to the environment. Overall, through this research, we demonstrate how these entrepreneurs navigate the complexities of starting and sustaining their niche businesses amidst the oppressive cultural environment for American Muslim women in a post-9/11 context within a capitalist framework. Individuals looking to develop businesses catering to marginalized communities can utilize our findings to educate themselves on oppressive environments they may encounter in the future and navigate the tightrope of criticism and love from marginalized consumers looking to buy their products.

Abstract This research presents a systematic review and approximation, from 2018 to 2023, of how Artificial Intelligence can support decision-making processes when business managers have to resolve between multiple alternatives for the development of new businesses using Agile Frameworks; and as well, will be addressed from the genesis concepts such as VUCA, Agile Mindset, Infinite Game Theory, Agile Frameworks, Innovation, Artificial Intelligence among others with the aim of identifying research gaps in the decision-making process under changing environments. Most of the analyzed studies are focused on Infinity Games theory to better understand innovation processes linked from early stages to deployment phases of products. Furthermore, this paper analyzes AI techniques for decision-making under volatile circumstances and raises 5 research questions that from a logical and chronological perspective in development are resolved during the research. It is important to highlight that AI-related solutions are typically used to make informed decisions; however, few studies adopt AI to support the decision-making process in unstable environments.

Abstract This paper aims to design the optimal structure of an innovation intermediary organization and its open innovation platform to facilitate the process of commercialization of inventions as well as establish effective communications between industrialists and researchers and inventors. Even though the issue of creating an open innovation platform and its design was raised in other research, the optimal structure that was extracted from the experience of working in the field of commercialization of inventions in a long-term period has not been done. Using the case study research methodology for seven years (from 2012 to 2018) in seven phases, we studied the obstacles in the way of, and strategies for, the development of the innovation intermediary organization in Iran, and proposed a model for the open innovation platform belonging to this innovation intermediary organization at the end of the 7th phase. The tool for gathering information is the review of open innovation organization documents and semi-structured interviews with 15 experts and managers of this open innovation organization. By categorizing the obtained codes, the intended themes were extracted. Then, Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the obtained codes, the value of which was equal to 0.85, indicating the high reliability of this research. Also, to strengthen the credibility of this qualitative research, environmental observations and analyzed data were used to provide respondents with their opinions. The obtained findings indicate an appropriate structure for the innovation intermediary organization and its open innovation platform to accelerate the identification of the needs of industries, creating solutions for these needs, as well as supporting patents and entrepreneurial plans. In this structure, various components of the innovation ecosystem interact with each other, including universities, research centers, experts, start-ups, investors, entrepreneurs, science and technology parks, and accelerators. The results of the study show that by collaborating with this platform, universities can provide job opportunities for students in various fields. By joining this platform, industries will be able to meet some of their technological needs. Furthermore, entrepreneurs can use this platform to finance their entrepreneurial projects using investors and acquire their required experts.

Abstract Local economic development is becoming an increasingly important activity as it addresses the economic and employment challenges faced by all developing countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the entrepreneurial skills of university students for the promotion of local economic development. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and interpretative causal approach was adopted for the research. The sample consisted of 240 students chosen through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Questionnaires were used as a tool for data collection, validated by expert judgment in the field, with a reliability of 98.2% determined by the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the survey was employed as a technique. Inference results provided by ordinal logistic regression, using the model goodness-of-fit test, χ 2 = 203.902, allowed demonstrating the explanatory variable. The goodness of fit for deviation was p = 0.099, determining the presence of an effect corresponding to the Nagelkerke predictor = 64.4% of the explained variability in the dependent variable. It was concluded that improving the entrepreneurial skills of university students has a significant positive effect on enhancing local economic development. Therefore, harnessing the entrepreneurial skills of university students requires a combination of educational approaches, financial support, networks, and specific policies. Collaboration among different stakeholders, including government, the private sector, and academic institutions, is essential to achieve a significant impact on local economic development.

Abstract Public and private organizations are striving to achieve excellence in their performance and services provided. Innovation has been at the forefront to provide new and creative ways to help public organizations achieve this. Despite the reported success, there are wide discrepancies in the planning and management of innovative programs in developing countries such as United Arab Emirates (UAE) public sector. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of innovation management systems (IMS) in UAE public organizations and provide recommendations for improvement. The main research tools used are interviews and surveys targeting innovation subject matter experts and practitioners to identify challenges and opportunities of innovation management. Based on the response of 200 respondents involved in innovation management, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and a structural equation model was developed. The results of the model suggest that infrastructure, process owners, and employee participation have significant direct impact on innovation management system (IMS) performance. However, other factors such as innovation have a significant indirect impact through ideation and infrastructure on IMS performance. In addition, management support has a significant indirect impact through infrastructure on performance. This implies that investing in innovation infrastructure, empowering process owners, and encouraging employees to participate to maximize the benefits of innovation systems.

Abstract The existing literature on withdrawal from foreign markets leaves several questions unanswered. We propose alignment between cohesive learning from failure and the intrinsic motivation to reemerge after failure. The study contends that failure is not considered an ultimate demise but as a precursor to new birth. Interviews with eight firms that faced withdrawal from international markets demonstrate the importance of failure as rivaling that of success and as cultivating self-efficacy. We conclude that learning from failure enhances the perceived ability to reemerge in international markets, and entrepreneurs recommit themselves to businesses with new perspectives.

Abstract Highland bamboo has been traditionally used in building construction, wall partitioning, ceiling, doors, windows, and roofs and has contributed in people’s livelihoods. This paper focuses on pinpointing bamboo value chain, its opportunities, and challenges. Site selection and observation, review of existing knowledge, key informant interview and market assessment in the value chain, stakeholders’ consultation workshop, processors workspace visit, and group discussion were performed. We found that highland bamboo is a raw material, semi-processed and processed product and sold at different locations passing through different routes based on the request and demand of the customers in the value chain. We identified different bamboo landraces in the studied areas. However, there are knowledge gaps by processors on the use of the different races for different purposes. Traders buy bamboo culms based on their sizes by giving different grades. The price of the product varied from product to product depending on the quality of bamboo raw material/culm used and the time (man-days) required to make the finished product. Local processors’ capacity to produce well-finished products is affected due to lack of important machineries and tools. Therefore, introducing and promoting modern processing tools and machines through credit support systems are crucial to make processors more competitive in the value chain. Moreover, the study identified major challenges faced by bamboo growers, culm traders, and processors that have effects on bamboo value chain development. Therefore, it is important to work towards alleviating/minimizing the major challenges in the bamboo value chain considering all actors to strive towards improving the value chain.

Abstract Wide-spread research demonstrates that firms which promote entrepreneurship are dynamic, flexible organisations which tend to realise greater innovation. The entrepreneurial orientation (EO)–firm performance relationship and its contingency factors remain an unresolved area of research in the literature. Recognising the centrality of knowledge and resource-based rationales within EO–performance theorising, we investigate the role of resources and capabilities in terms of bricolage capability, absorptive capacity, and organisational identity as potential moderators to the EO–performance–environment relationship. Primary data are sourced from firms in the South African construction and materials industry sector. After establishing validity and reliability through confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), hierarchical multiple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses. Results reveal that in the context of environmental hostility, the EO–performance relationship is positively moderated by the bricolage capability–organisational identity interaction. Moreover, absorptive capacity is positively moderated by organisational identity. Managers need to appreciate how various internal resources and capabilities could be orchestrated for optimum performance and how these could be complementary and consistent with EO–performance outcomes. The study findings provide novel research implications by increasing the theoretical and empirical reach of bricolage capability, absorptive capacity, and organisational identity as moderators in the EO–performance–environment relationship.

Abstract Youth social enterprises have become a significant component of the global economy since the late twentieth century. With the changing world and the emergence of new economies, there is a growing demand for expanding markets and reaching new customers, making it an opportune time for young entrepreneurs to utilize their unique characteristics of creativity and drive. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on youth social entrepreneurship through the application of bibliometric tools and methods in order to identify needs and challenges in this field. The literature was explored using the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases from 2010 to 2022. The findings were analyzed using Bibliometrix and R-Studio tools, which facilitated two methodological stages: scientific mapping and network analysis. Based on the tree metaphor, the collected documents were categorized into the root, trunk, and leaves groups. The results unveiled several research clusters, including business strategies, social entrepreneurship and capitalism, and social change and innovation, were identified. In general, the above-mentioned clusters introduce fresh approaches, suggest solutions, advocate for societal change, and enrich comprehension regarding youth-driven social enterprises. Finally, this study concludes by presenting an agenda for future research in the field.

Abstract Digital transformation is a pivotal strategic pillar for companies. Despite its relevance, incumbent companies still face challenges in implementation due to the complex character of transformation processes. We provide a framework serving as guidance for leaders of digital transformations. Based on an explorative research design, we conducted 33 semi-structured interviews with experts of digital transformations of incumbent companies. Our findings indicate that leaders need to understand the terminologies related to exploration, exploitation, and digital transformation, and the complex interaction between all three areas. This includes digital literacy and being aware of differentiated treatment of exploration and exploitation in innovations and the relevance of both. Leaders must acknowledge that industry and organizational characteristics influence organizations’ tendencies towards exploration or exploitation in innovations. Exploration in digital transformation is about using digital technologies to rethink business models. Using digital technologies to optimize existing processes, products, and IT infrastructure is associated with exploitation. In sum, we need different target settings and approaches for the required activities.

Abstract The study investigates the relationship between digital technology (DT) and the degree of internationalisation of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The theoretical model is further extended by reviewing the mediating effects of business model innovation (BMI). The study employed partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses based on the cross-sectional data from 495 SMEs in Vietnam. The findings provide a novel perspective on the vital role of DT in BMI. However, DT poses challenges for SMEs in the degree of the internationalisation process. This study combines the internationalisation theory, particularly the Uppsala model and the resource-based view to examine the impact of DT on the internationalisation of SMEs through the mediating role of BMI.

Abstract The motivation behind this paper and the underlying research is to shed light on how companies deal with interdisciplinary innovation activities, especially looking at the development of radical and potentially disruptive innovations. This includes the analysis of methods, processes, and organizational structures applied to support interdisciplinary innovation activities as well as challenges faced. Whereas this thematic field has been widely investigated for academic institutions and, in companies on a team level, there is only a little information on industrial companies’ current state. This understanding is especially important as shortening development cycles, and technological convergence combined with intersectoral innovations might lead to increases in radical and potentially disruptive innovations and thereby create the need for improved methods and structures throughout the innovation process. To gain insights into challenges and current practices of interdisciplinary collaboration in innovation activities, semi-structured exploratory interviews were carried out with representatives from seven industrial companies. Among others, the results of the study revealed that whereas many methodologies are said to support interdisciplinary innovation activities, a wide majority of these methodologies are applied for other reasons which make supporting interdisciplinarity seem like a kind of byproduct.

Abstract Advancements in the online food delivery market in China have resulted from the rapid development and popularity of mobile communications and smartphones, which are currently applied by mobile and online application developers to restaurants and food delivery services for high sales revenue and fulfilment of Chinese consumers at home. The current work aims to thoroughly examine the four information quality dimensions (i.e. intrinsic quality, contextual quality, representational quality and accessibility quality), perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived convenience and their subsequent implications on user satisfaction and reuse intention of online food delivery applications. By analysing the roles of these factors, we underscore how innovative technology and entrepreneurial strategies can drive customer engagement and satisfaction in the rapidly evolving online food delivery market. The theoretical model proposed in this study was tested through partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Resultantly, intrinsic quality, contextual quality, representational quality, accessibility quality, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use showed a positive and statistically significant effect on user satisfaction, whereas contextual, representational, and accessibility quality, perceived usefulness, perceived convenience, and customer satisfaction positively and significantly affected users’ intention to reuse the online food delivery applications. The key determinant of reuse intention was customers’ personal satisfaction. In order to improve the continuous usage intention of online food delivery applications, application developers and the food industry should therefore focus on providing accurate and up-to-date information, which is expected to boost user satisfaction and reuse intentions.

Abstract Recent studies have explored the role of firm dynamics and the connection to job reallocation. However, limited attention has been devoted to the role of micro and small firms in this process, particularly about the quality of the jobs generated. Therefore, this article aims to measure the impact of micro and small firm dynamics on occupation diversification in Brazil, with specific emphasis on job quality. The study used data from 558 microregions within the Brazilian industrial sector between 2003 and 2015. Panel data were applied to three econometric models: Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), Driscoll–Kraay (DK) and Instrumental Variable (IV) models for robustness analysis, including Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS), Limited Information Maximum Likelihood (LIML), and the Generalized Method of Moments with Continuously Updating Estimators (GMM-CUE). Our main finding reveals that the dynamics of micro and small firms positively impact occupation diversity in Brazil, leading to the creation of a wider range of job types. Furthermore, the frequency of change of firms from microenterprises to small businesses increases the occupation diversity in the Brazilian industrial sector. Our findings are significant in providing policy recommendations for developing countries to achieve a more diverse labor market.

Abstract Studies about entrepreneurial marketing linked with competitive advantage and sustainability in SMEs are limited in the existing literature. This study therefore aimed to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing dimensions, focusing on the mediating role of competitive advantage, in ensuring the sustainability of firm performance. Descriptive research design combined with explanatory research to examine the relationships; and stratified sampling with simple random sampling techniques to select the enterprises were used. Data from 387 SMEs in Oromia, Ethiopia were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings indicated significant connections among entrepreneurial marketing practices, competitive advantage, and sustainability of firm performance, with competitive advantage partially mediating the relationships. The finding also underlined SMEs that are entrepreneurial, strategic, and socially responsible are best positioned for long-term success. Practical implications suggested aligning marketing practices with overall strategies, optimizing resource usage, and enhancing innovation to improve competitive advantage and sustain firm performance. From a social perspective, embracing sustainable practices could positively impact, employment, environmental responsibility, economic stability, and consumer perception. The study offers valuable insights for academia, policymakers, and practitioners.

Abstract The study’s primary goal was to analyse the driving forces behind street vending operations and the difficulties they face in the targeted area. The research was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods, utilizing explanatory and descriptive designs in the technique. There was use of both primary and secondary data sources. Four government officials and 222 street businesses were chosen for the study using purposive sampling procedures. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. The study findings clearly display that economic and social factors have a significant influence on street vending in the study area. The study went on to look into the difficulties that street sellers in the study area deal with, including things like a lack of funding, a space to work, and credit availability. In conclusion, the study recommends that governments should develop a policy for street vending, fortify stakeholder interactions, and expand the capacity of street sellers when contemplating legalizing the practice and selecting a suitable place in urban centres.

Abstract University–Industry Collaborations (UIC) are increasingly recognized as crucial drivers of economic growth and development. While numerous studies have been conducted on this topic, this paper specifically focuses on UIC in the Arab World. The aim of this study is to explore the establishment of successful UIC by conducting a review of existing literature to identify and synthesize key factors that enable collaborative innovation between industry and universities. The findings are summarized into six main themes: the importance of UIC, barriers to UIC, gaps between universities and industry in the Arab World, partnerships and sustainable growth, current trends and perspectives, and future agenda for Arab countries. These themes are elaborated on and used to summarize results from the reviewed studies regarding facilitators of collaborative innovation. The contribution of this work lies in enhancing the existing body of literature and knowledge regarding collaboration between higher education and industry in the Arab World. This research presents specific measures that can be implemented to ensure successful UIC in the future. Its outcomes are significant for policymakers, academics, and industry experts in the Arab region, who aspire to form productive UIC partnerships that encourage economic development and innovation.

Abstract This study examines the supply chain management of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Africa, aiming to demonstrate the patterns of publication in this field. An extensive examination of bibliometric analysis has been conducted using 338 published works obtained from the Dimensions database over the last 20 years. The study was conducted based on publications, sources, authors, and institutions as the primary units of analysis. The study determined the leading journals, prolific authors, partnering countries, and organizations involved in research on supply chain management specifically focused on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Africa. Furthermore, it has been uncovered that the investigation of supply chain management in MSMEs in Africa needs to be revised in comparison to that of larger organizations. Moreover, publications in the field are not only insufficiently accessible, but also authored by scholars who are not of African descent. Given the crucial role of MSMEs in the African economy, scholars in this field are encouraged to prioritize research on the supply chain management of MSMEs as a critical issue for the twenty-first century. Furthermore, researchers are recommended to do additional analyses utilizing alternative databases such as Web of Sciences and Scopus.

Abstract Digital technology has already permeated the production and operations of organizations, with many incorporating it into employee performance evaluations. However, there remains a research gap in identifying effective approaches to achieving digital performance. Furthermore, while scholars have often mentioned the differences in employee attitudes, and employee dynamic capability (EDC) in the dynamic digital market, empirical evidence supporting this notion is scarce. This paper investigates the influence of high-involvement human resource management practices (HI-HRMPs) on employee digital performance (EDP) within Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), focusing on specific cultural regions in China. Using purposive sampling, four representative regions (Guangzhou, Shanghai, Guizhou, and Anhui) were selected for Survey. Structural equation modeling (AMOS) was employed to examine the relationships between HI-HRMPs as the independent variable and employee competitive attitudes, employee competitive behaviors, and employee dynamic capabilities as mediating variables, with a focus on their impact on employee digital performance. Contrary to direct effects, the study reveals that HI-HRMPs do not directly influence employee digital performance. Instead, employee competitive attitudes and behaviors, along with their dynamic capabilities, emerge as significant mediating variables in this relationship. Specifically, employee competitive attitudes and behaviors, as well as employee dynamic capabilities, play crucial roles in mediating the relationship between HI-HRMPs and employee digital performance. Furthermore, the findings indicate that employee dynamic capabilities exhibit greater influence on employee digital performance compared to employee competitive attitudes and behaviors, particularly in the context of a rapidly evolving digital marketplace. These results underscore the importance of fostering employee dynamic capabilities within SMEs to enhance digital performance in the ever-changing business landscape.

Abstract The current work highlights the evolution in knowledge management for sustainable entrepreneurship research by analyzing the key trends and major concepts. Additionally, the knowledge structures of such research themes were analyzed and mapped. Moreover, this paper seeks to present a research agenda concerning the study subject. It employed an integrated bibliometric approach and systematic review of knowledge management and sustainable entrepreneurship research by conducting two main procedures, namely domain analysis (i.e., key trends and evolution) and knowledge structures analysis (i.e., intellectual, social, and conceptual structure). A total of 233 documents were obtained from Scopus and Web of Science datasets and analyzed using both R 4.1.2 and VOSviewer software. The findings demonstrated that the contributors (i.e., the authors, nations, journals, and institutions) produced a discernible evolution in the body of knowledge on the themes of knowledge management and sustainable business within the designated period. Furthermore, science mapping approaches deeply grasp the social, conceptual, and intellectual structures of such research themes. This current work is considered one of the first attempts to systematically review, analyze, and visualize the scientific productions on knowledge management and sustainable entrepreneurship. The findings of the current work also offer a solid understanding and insights into the potential directions for the research agenda in these disciplines.

Abstract This research aims to explore the interplay among entrepreneurial education, role models, and gender on students' entrepreneurial competence and mindset. Using purposive sampling, 306 participants enrolled in entrepreneurship and innovation-related courses at UAEU completed an online survey. The research used statistical analyses, including Spearman's Rank Correlations, Cramer's V correlation, Mann–Whitney U, and multiple linear regression, to explore variable relationships. Findings indicate that access to entrepreneurial role models is associated with higher competence, emphasizing resource mobilization and fostering a growth mindset. Active engagement in entrepreneurship courses correlates with enhanced innovative thinking and networking. Despite gender-based disparities, statistical analysis indicates minimal impact on students' ability to generate novel business ideas. This study contributes insights to entrepreneurship education literature, offering practical implications for educators and institutions.

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Entrepreneurship Curriculum Programme (ECP) on students' entrepreneurial attitudes, perception of social norms and entrepreneurial intentions. This programme was implemented in upper-secondary level classes in Cabo Verde. The study also assesses if the programme has different impacts in different years of schooling and the mediating role of personal factors (gender and family models), teaching factors (differences between general and vocational education) and contextual factors (different island). The research was conducted on six islands in 4 vocational schools and 8 schools of general studies. The research compared the results of two groups: one with 947 students who attended ECP and the other with 1140 students who did not. The findings reveal that ECP impacts all the dimensions considered, the effect is differentiated throughout schooling and that other factors affect students' entrepreneurial attitudes, beliefs and intentions. From the theoretical point of view, the study reinforces the knowledge about the impact of education in entrepreneurship in contexts where there are still few studies—the context of developing countries and the context of secondary education. From a practical point of view, the study provides indications for deepening/improving the design and implementation of entrepreneurship education programmes.

Abstract The advent of Industry 4.0 presents a spectrum of challenges for entrepreneurs in India, demanding specific skills and resources. Within this transformative landscape, engineering disciplines assume a pivotal role in navigating the complexities of the new industrial revolution yet pose challenges in instilling entrepreneurial skills. While universities are recognised for fostering entrepreneurial skills, a gap persists in comprehending students’ intentions to pursue entrepreneurship after completing their studies, especially within technical education systems. This emphasises the necessity for a comprehensive examination of variations in entrepreneurial orientation among diverse engineering disciplines. The study employed cross-sectional research and surveyed 370 final-year engineering students from leading engineering colleges in Karnataka, India. The data analysis included Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings demonstrate a significant propensity for entrepreneurship among engineering students, highlighting attributes such as innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness. However, contrary to expectations, the study does not discern distinct entrepreneurial orientations across different engineering disciplines. Importantly, it unveils that college education has minimal influence on students’ entrepreneurial intentions.

Abstract This study aims to examine the budget deficit–inflation relationship, considering financial sector development and broad money supply as moderating and mediating variables. For this purpose, a panel data set ranging from polled mean group, mean group, and dynamic fixed effect estimation techniques are employed. Hence, the pooled mean group estimation result reveals that the budget deficit is inflationary. In addition, GDP per capita, the effective exchange rate, financial sector development, regulatory quality, and the interaction term of the budget deficit and financial sector development are significant determinants of inflation. The study further examines the role of the broad money supply as a mediating variable in the budget deficit–inflation relationship. The structural equation model results and the mediation effect tests confirmed a partial mediation effect of the broad money supply on the budget deficit–inflation relationship. Based on the findings, it is recommended to strengthen regulatory quality, reduce broad money supply, and improve financial sector development. By doing so, we can create a more stable and efficient economy that benefits everyone in the long run.