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Zemljišta obrazovana na krečnjacima zauzimaju veliku površinu u Srbiji, ali veoma malo podataka ima o njihovim osobinama. U ovom radu su prikazane fizičke i hemijske osobine posmeđenog kalkomelanosola i srednje dubokog kalkokambisola na planini Ozren. Na prevoju Vlasina odabran je lokalitet sa posmeđenim kalkomelanosolom pod prirodnom travnom vegetacijoma, a u blizini Ozrenskih livada odabran je lokalitet s kalkokambisolom pod prirodnom mešovitom šumom. Na navedenim lokalitetima iskopani su profili do matičnog supstrata iz kojih su po genetičkim horizontima uzeti uzorci u narušenom i nenarušenom stanju za laboratorijske analize. Određen je mehanički sastav, agregatni sastav i vodootpornost strukturnih agregata, gustina suvog zemljišta, ukupna poroznost, vazdušni kapacitet, vododrživa sposobnost, vodopropustljivost, pH vrednosti, sadržaj humusa, sadržaj fiziološki aktivnog fosfora (P2O5) i kalijuma (K2O), hidrolitička kiselost, kapacitet adsorpcije katjona (CEC), suma razmenljivih baznih katjona, te stepen zasićenosti razmenljivim baznim katjonima. Humusno akumulativni horizont, Amo, posmeđenog kalkomelanosola je praškasto glinaste teksture. Kambični (B)rz horizont oba zemljišta je glinovite teksture. Amo horizont kalkomelanosola odlukuje se mrvičastom strukturom (0,5–5 mm) veoma visoke vodootpornosti. Ukupna poroznost, vazdušni kapacitet i vodopropustljivost oba zemljišta je visoka. Njihova vododrživa sposobnost je visoka. Amo horizont kalkomelanosola se odlikuje visokim sadržajem humusa (>10%). Hemijska reakcija (pH u H2O) Amo horizonta je neutralna, dok je u (B)rz horizontima oba zemljišta umereno kisela. Oba zemljišta imaju visoke vrednosti CEC (>58 cmol kg–1) i veoma su zasićena baznim katjonima (>95%). Posmeđeni kalkomelanosol je srednje do visoko obezbeđen K2O, a kalkokambisol je srednje obezbeđen; dok su oba zemljišta veoma siromašna P2O5. Budući da ovo istraživanje pokazuje prilično povoljne fizičke i hemijske osobine istraženih zemljišta na ovom području zb

The eutrophication of groundwater through widespread diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilization and excessive farm fertilizer is one of the major problems in European agriculture. Organomineral microgranular fertilizers that have a reduced phosphorus (P) content, alone or in combination with biostimulants, offer promising alternatives to DAP fertilization. We conducted a field experiment with maize (Zea mays) on a marshland soil site in order to compare the yield increase and the phosphorus balance of DAP and microgranular fertilizer variants. P content of the soil on the study site is 3.9 g P per 100 g soil. Treatments involved a combination of two fertilizers, namely DAP or a P-reduced microgranular slow-release organomineral fertilizer (Startec) and the biostimulants mycorrhiza, humic substances and soil bacteria, applied individually or along with two of the above biostimulants. Fertilizer variants were also tested individually without additional biostimulants. One in four plots was used as a control, treated only with biogas slurry, to identify site-specific spatial variability and to implement correction factors to process raw data using standardized methods. Startec performed as well as DAP in terms of both the yield and corn cob ratio, while the P excess was lower in plots treated with Startec (av. = 4.5 kg P2O5 ha-1) compared to DAP (av. = 43.7 kg P2O5 ha-1). The latter differences are of statistical significance. Individual biostimulants and a combination of multiple biostimulants rarely resulted in significantly higher yields, with the exception of some combinations with humic substances and mycorrhiza in individual years. The influence of the climatic conditions in each of the years was higher than the influence of the biostimulants. However, average increases in yield over three years would be economically beneficial for farmers in the case of the applied humic substances product and mycorrhiza. An adequate alternative to DAP was found in the form of a Pr

Climate change in Europe will lead to new precipitation patterns over the coming years and the annual temperature will increase significantly. These changes in climate variables and the resulting effects on agricultural productivity must be differentiated regionally. Plant production depends on sufficient rainfall in summer and, in some regions, on the amount of rainfall in winter. In Central Europe, the amount of precipitation in summer will decrease in the coming decades due to climate change, while in some regions, the amount of winter precipitation will increase significantly. Agricultural production is likely to suffer severely as a result of rising summer temperatures and low water retention capacities in the soil. The effects of reduced summer precipitation and increased air temperatures are partially offset by the expected increased CO2 concentration. Therefore, the effects that changed climatic conditions have on crop production are sometimes less drastic in terms of crop yields. The greatest impact of climate change on land use is expected from increasing evapotranspiration and lower amounts of precipitation in the production of leachate. In addition to the expected mean changes, the occurrence of extreme weather conditions is key. Periods of drought in the growing season and heavy flooding as a result of extreme rainfall are to be expected. However, these events are very difficult or even impossible to predict. In addition to the effects that climate change will have on regional crop production, global changes will have a strong impact on world markets for agricultural products. Another consequence of climate change and population growth is a higher demand for agricultural products on world markets. This will lead to dramatic local land use changes and an intensification of agriculture that will transform existing crop production systems. The intensification caused by rising land and lease prices will primarily affect the maximization of the use of fertil

Knowledge of hydro-physical properties is an essential prerequisite for assessing the suitability and quality of growing media. The method used for sample preparation is important for the measurement results. Three different sample preparation methods were compared. The methods differed in terms of the way the 250°cm3 steel cylinder was filled and the height of preloading. Measurements on loosely filled cylinders were included. The comparison was carried out on 15 growing media using the HYPROP device. HYPROP enables a complex analysis of the hydro-physical properties with high accuracy and reproducibility. The water retention curve, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function, the dry bulk density, the shrinkage and the rewetting properties can be measured simultaneously. The air capacity and the amount of plant-available water in pots depend on the height of the pot. In the field, it is related to the field capacity. The quality assessment was carried out both for flowerpots of different height and for field conditions with free drainage. Loosely filled samples consolidated hydraulically shortly after the start of the measurement. These geometric changes can be taken into account with the HYPROP. The sample preparation method – preloading or loose filling – yielded significantly different results for the pore volume, dry bulk density, plant available water and air capacity. The total pore volume of the loosely filled cylinders varied between 86.8 and 95.2°% by vol. (preloaded 81.3 and 87.7°% by vol.). The most critical factor was the air capacity. Loosely filled substrate samples achieved the highest air capacities, but also did not reach the critical value of 10°% by volume in shallow flowerpots, e.g. in 10 cm pots with 5.8°% by volume. The sample preparation method, measurement and quality assessment of the hydro-physical properties of growing media should be adapted to the conditions of use – whether they are used in a field with free drainage or in pots or

Surface soil hydrological properties like water infiltration and hydraulic conductivity have important consequences for hydrological properties of soils in river basins and their knowledge is needed for sound land management, as well as flood risk prevention. They are very dynamic properties due to varying land use management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two land uses (native meadow and arable) on surface (0–30 cm) infiltration characteristics of a silty clay loam and sandy loam soils at three sites in the Kolubara river valley and the Nišava river valley, respectivelly, with temperate climate, Serbia. A site consisted of two adjacent but different land uses on the same soil types. For each land use, water infiltration rates were measured in triplicate using double ring infiltrometer. Particle size distribution, bulk density and soil organic matter content of the surface soil were determined. Experimental measurements in the field indicated that treatments significantly influenced water infiltration characteristics on both locations. At both site the infiltration rates showed a decrease as a function of elapsed time. Steady state infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration of sandy loam-textured soils under the meadows were much lower than that for the arable soils. By contrast, the infiltration capacity and cumulative infiltration of silty clay loam soils under the meadows was significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to arable soils. Increase in infiltration capacity of arable soils were related to decrease in bulk density. In addition, in tilled sandy loam soil infiltration was much higher than in silty clay loam soil. However, infiltration in a silty clay loam under meadow was lower compared with sandy loam soil. According to the results of our study it could be concluded that the land use change infiltration properties of surface soil and consequently may alter the water balance of the area by changing the amount of sur

According to soil classification system used in Serbia (Škorić, Ćirić and Filipovski, 1985) Rendzina is a soil type within the order of automorphic soils and the class of humus-accumulative soils with an Amo-AmoC-C-R profile, which is developed on parent rock containing more than 20% of calcareous material. Rendzinas are divided onto subtypes - according to the parent material: (i) marl, marly limestone and soft limestone, (ii) loess and loess like sediments, (iii) dolomite sand, (iv) moraine; on varieties - according to stadium of evolution: (i) calcareous, (ii) decarbonated, (iii) brunified, (iv) colluvial, and forms - according to texture and coarse fragments content. Throughout the world, the term Rendzina (and Pararendzina) is used to denote soils formed on different calcareous parent material and it generally corresponds with Rendzic Leptosol of the WRB soil classification system. Rendzinas on marl, marly limestone and soft limestone is the most widespread subtype in Serbia, and the aim of this study was to precisely classify it according to the WRB 2015 system. Total of 29 Rendzina soil profiles from different parts of Serbia were studied. Field and laboratory investigations (soil depth, colour, coarse fragments, texture, structure, pH, soil organic carbon, base saturation) were determined using methods recommended by the WRB system (except for base saturation, where BaCl2, pH 8.1, was used instead of NH4OAc, pH 7). According to soil classification system used in Serbia, from total of 21 soil profiles on soft limestone, 16 were calcareous variety (form: 8 loamy, low or medium skeletal and 1 clay, medium skeletal); 13 decarbonated variety (loamy, low skeletal); and 2 colluvial variety (loamy, low skeletal); and 8 profiles on marl of which 7 were calcareous variety (loamy, low or medium skeletal), and 1 profile was decarbonated variety (loamy, low skeletal). According to WRB 2015 system, investigated Rendzinas were classificated to RSG of Leptosols (12 profiles