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The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of the European Union accession and financial crisis to convergence and integration of the bond yields and bond markets. The results show the deepening of bond market convergence after the European Union accession and the integration has continued until the end of the observed period. The chosen indicators are monthly mid-term bond yields (10-year bond yields). The period of 1/2000 to 12/2016 was chosen in order to show the impacts of the changes. The time period was divided into periods 1/2000 - 4/2004 (before the European Union accession), 5/2004 - 7/2007 (after the accession and before financial crisis), 8/2007 - 3/2009 (period of the deepest financial crisis), 4/2009 - 12/2016 (period after the financial crisis). Used methods are 1) spread between the 10-year bond yields of countries of Visegrad group (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary) and German 10-year bond yield, 2) analysis of alignment, 3) β-convergence. These findings can be beneficial for the financial market observers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the labor market for young people include to most flagrant problem not only in Europe but worldwide as well. The strategy Europe 2020 has different options for solving the problem of low young people employment at the macro level. In our paper, we have strived to contribute to the expansion of a general view of the unemployment in general and employment of men and women aged 15 to 24 years old. We focused on the current unemployment problem, especially for young people in the European area. Based on panel regression analysis, author illustrates his findings through a comparison of outcomes for young population group. In order to eliminate the current state of youth unemployment in the European area, the EU Member States must to reduce the taxes on labor markets, eliminate differences in the legislation on employment protection between employment contracts and adopt targeted measures pursuant to stimulate youth employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21st century EU is one of the super-power of the World while the definition of the union has been produced since the Middle Ages, more than this it is known that the definition of Europe has been produced since the Antique regarding to the economic, sociological, cultural and politic conditions. Although the idea of the united Europe had existed since the Middle Ages, till the 19th century, it is known that the idea could not turned into the reality. Unless after the 19th century and the early 20th century, the ideal construction of the united Europe had found a place in economic and sociological senses and in the build environment, as well. In the mid-20th century, after the two World wars, which affected Europe both physically and sociologically, the idea of Europe was finally institutionalized. The cities are the meeting points of policies and the citizens and the architecture is the tangible reflections of the ideologies and the organizations, due to these characteristics they become the biggest domain of the European Union. Architecture also has been used, as an important tool to achieve legitimacy and it is a proof of the existence of the governments during the pre-modern and modern eras. Chronologically, since 1980's it is known that under the effects of the new form of capitalism, parallel to the Keynesian theories and in 2010's under the effects of Crounch's non-death of capitalism as in the identity of neo-liberal economies, searching of the theme is born on the praxis of the architecture. Thus, the aim of the paper will be analyzing of the capitals of European Union in both the architectural and urban aspects, with respect to the problematic of representation and the concepts of Umberto Eco's Soft Capital vs. Rem Koolhaas's Hard Capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]