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This paper presents the results of studies that analyzed eco-efficient solutions for homes adapted energy-wise to the specific demands of the mountain climate (climatic areas III and IV of Romania), which ensure meeting the standard parameters and the conservation of the building traditions in these areas. This paper presents the results of the analytic assessment of the global loss of heat for an actual house built in a mountainous area at an approximate altitude of 850m (M1), monitored for its thermo-physical properties by on site measurements in comparison with a building having an identical spatial structure with energetically efficient closing elements, studied experimentally in the laboratory. The paper presents comparative results of these studies for the examined buildings as follows: * the thermal transfer resistance of the exterior walls; * the total heat loss of the entire building; * the global heat loss for a built cubic meter; * the global heat loss through the entire surface of the opaque exterior walls; * the global heat loss for a square meter of opaque exterior wall. The final result of this study has been a Catalog of solutions for ecological and energy- efficient homes adapted to the mountain climate, which is useful in ensuring a durable development of human settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the impact of global climate change and temperature warming up on emission production during en-route flight. Consequently, analyses the effects of carbon dioxide gases production on the environment and ecology. The main aim of this article is to do research the amount of emission (CO2) production during flight in different meteorological condition and make an evaluation of how it can affect the global climate change, ecology and greenhouse effect. The theoretical part of the article focused on monitoring, analyzing and map out the global climate and emission gases production change. The practical part of the paper includes calculations, system analysis, and CO2 emission gases production modelling during the en-route flight of the selected type of aircraft. The result of the research is a response to the issue: how can the global climate change influence the fuel burn and emission gases production, and how can the emission production contribute to the greenhouse effect and Earth´s ecology and environment. The fuel consumption and emission production calculations are processed on the bases of the AFM (Aircraft Flight Manual), OM (Aircraft Operation Manual) and Dr. Christian N. Jardine research study program methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CLIMHYDEX project-"Extreme climate and the impact associated to the hydrological events from Romania"--is a Complex Project of Exploratory Research, supported by the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding. The objective of this project is to improve the knowledge on the quantification of the climate change impact on the hydrological and hydrogeological regime in extreme conditions, at river basin scale. In the paper are presented some hydrogeological considerations on the Quaternary deposits and the evolution of hydrostatic levels in correlation with the precipitation in wells that open shallow aquifer from Crisul Alb basin between Varsand and Sebis. This analysis was performed in wells belonging to the Romanian National Hydrogeological Network there is a continuous data from - wells execution date till present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In regard of the rapid decline of world oil reserves and rapidly progressing climate change, which creates an ever stronger pressure to change the orientation of energy production from fossil fuels to other types of energy sources, the increase of the importance of energy self-efficiency is evident. Energy self-efficiency is essential not only at national but also at regional and municipality level. Regions should actively plan the development of their own energy policy so they decrease their dependence on unstable global energy market. Most regions - especially rural - have enormous potential of savings and very good conditions for using their own renewable energy sources. The paper analyzes the possibilities that are available to municipalities in improving their energy self-sufficiency; specify the economic, social and environmental benefits that are associated with energy self-efficiency, as well as barriers and challenges in its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and its effects are very complex and acute problems that we are facing today. Series of extreme weather conditions in the cities of Europe and the world shed a light on the vulnerability of cities to the effects of climate change. Serbia is one of the most vulnerable areas in Europe that will be affected by climate change. On the other hand, cities are the main causes of these changes, but, at the same time, the main field of action to minimize their impact. Accordingly, growing cities are strategic places to mitigate the harmful impacts of climate change on the environment. The phenomenon of global climate change inevitably affects the structure and functioning of the landscape, altering the topography of the landscape and its complex processes. The subject of this research is a multidisciplinary understanding of the effects of climate change on urban planning and architectural design and on creating a new academic curriculum in order to preserve the environment. Consequently, the focus of research is on urban morphology, urban and landscape fabric, housing, urban and landscape infrastructure, urban environment and nature resources. The paper discusses the phenomenon of growing cities in Serbia and current strategies and models for urban development based on modern principles and best practices in cities' adoption to climate change. The result of this study presents an overview of the latest theoretical and practical activities and research in Serbia aimed at adapting cities to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, heating energy demand has become a significant estimator used during the design stage of any new building. The residential building sector consumes a significant amount of fossil fuel energy and thereby produces a large percentage of greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming and climate change. The aim of the paper is analysis of thermophysical parameters of proposed versions of exterior wall structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the climate changes of the past decades, people have become aware of the impact of pollution on the environment. As a result, the marketing activity has emphasized the protection and conservation of natural resources. This has led to the emergence of ecotourism as the form of tourism which allows for the superior knowledge, appreciation and conservation of nature. In addition, this form of tourism introduces tourists to the local cultures and traditions available at the tourist destinations. The present paper aims to identify the youth's perception of ecotourism development at the level of micro-destinations (in this particular case Romania, the Mehedinti county). This has been gauged through quantitative research intended to identify the opinions of a significant emerging market segment, that is the youth and their perceptions of ecotourism as implemented at the level of the micro-destination under analysis. The practical relevance of the approach lies in the fact that the results obtained will be employed in the development process of the ecotourist strategies of the destination under focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the interactions between the forest and local and regional climate changes on Romanian territory. This is a present-day concept which has deep roots in the past. The main roles of the forest are recognized and appreciated at a large scale. Forests provide excellent soil protection by maintaining high rates of evapotranspiration, interception and infiltration and generate only small quantities of runoff. If the forest can provide resources as timber, fuel, fruits, in terms of environmental protection the forests has an important role in keeping the biodiversity, consumption of CO2 and temperatures control. The forested belt in the neighborhood of agricultural land has direct effect on leaching nutrients consumption. At the beginning of 19th century, the forests covered about 60% of Romanian territory while in present days this surface decreased to about 27%. Deforestations have an important effect on the peak values of the hydrological cycle, droughts, heavy rains and storms. As a response to these natural phenomena, the forested surface reduces continuously. This could be an ever-changing-never-ending chain which has to be broken down. Romanian people consider the forest as a valuable natural resource, as a true splendor of the country. The forests assured the survival of the first communities and numerous citadels and monasteries were built in the forest as a protective measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With changes in Romania's development strategy, as a result of accession in the European Union, but also with climate change increasingly affecting more lives in that increased upper and lower limits of temperature and precipitation, it was necessary to develop new asphalt recipes and to employ of conditions applying new screening criteria, to aggregates in accordance with these changes. Within this context, the present paper proposes a study that relates the distance transport of aggregates from the source area, with the changes in their mechanical properties. The study was carried out using, as a reference system, aggregates a series of quality standards used in the characterization of physical-mechanical point of view of the construction materials used for terrestrial communications infrastructure development. To address this problem there have been established a number of criteria among which the most important are the distance between sampling points, the mineralogical - petrographic composition and physical-mechanical properties of aggregates. Thus we chose a standard distance of 20 km between each collection point, amounting to a total distance of 100 km. Regarding the mineralogical - petrographic analysis, we have established four classes of particle size represented by the following sorts: 4-8 mm, 8-16 mm, 16-25 mm and 40-63 mm. These classes correspond to grades used mostly in construction and maintenance of inland terrestrial communications. By their light we tried to establish a series of correlations between these properties, correlations to be summarized in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change causes disastrous floods and temperature changes. In case of floods, the deep foundation pits become standages to which water from the adjacent catchment area is discharged. The walls of such a pit are directly influenced by the weather conditions. In these conditions, the support of pits is subject to force majeure geological loads and the impact of the air environment. These loads and impacts are caused by the increase of hydrostatic pressure, worsening of physico-mechanical characteristics of the geological varieties and the sharp frosting and defrosting of the earth slopes' surface. The paper contains a case study of emergency caused by flooding of a consolidated pit in the Autumn/Winter season. The analysis of reasons and demolitions results in recommendations for the design and maintenance of consolidated foundation pits, consistent with the climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We draw the strategy for development of basic clean technologies that have to be used within national black carbon management system in the Russian Arctic. Black carbon is the significant short-lived climate forcer and it has to be under global control. The main black carbon sources (transport, energy, industry, biomass burning, wildfires) are outside the Arctic. Migration of black carbon to the Arctic from the emission areas is due to the general atmospheric circulation. Therefore, the management system of black carbon content in the Arctic must be global. Today such a system is missing. In the current geopolitical conditions, such a system should consist of national systems for national responsibility areas of the Arctic countries (Russia, Canada, USA, Denmark and Norway). These national systems should be aimed at the control of emissions of black carbon, on the operational measurements of its concentration in the atmosphere, the definition of patterns and scenarios of its penetration into the Arctic, and also on decision making support in the field of regulation at the national level. Another task is the coordination of national systems for ensuring the effective functioning of the global control system for black carbon in whole. Development and introduction in practice of these basic technologies will have a stimulating effect on the market of environmental goods and services. The Ministry of education and science of Russia provided financial support for this research with the state order 2014/166 and state contract 14.515.11.0002. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consequences of climatic changes, the first of all raising of the temperature, may result in shifting the balance of humus formation from humification to mineralization. With increasing mineralization are particularly vulnerable natural soils with high content of organic carbon. In Slovak soil monitoring, part of natural soils (Alpine and forest soils) are included, however, peatlands are missing. Slovak peatlands were mapped in detail from fauna and flora point of view but without pedological characteristics. For this reason from 2008 gradually monitoring network of peatlands has been created. This network includes all types of peatlands in Slovakia and on all localities basic chemical (pH, nutrient and heavy metals contents) characteristics with an emphasis on detailed observation of soil organic matter in 10 years interval are monitored. In this work basic pedological characteristics of five different peatlands are presented. The highest concentration of organic carbon (OC) content (48%) on locality Klenovské Blatá was found. Localization of this peat is in deep forest and it is typical trasitional mire. Klenovské Blatá is very strongly acidic peat with the highest content of nutrients (P,K) from all observed peatlands. The high concentration of OC (44%) also on bog Rudné was found. This locality is situated in the Upper Orava region near cadaster Suchá Hora village. This is also extremely acidic bog with considerable stocks of potassium and phosphorus. The lowest concentration of organic carbon content (29%) on Belianské Lúky locality was found. Belianské Lúky is Slovak last large unworked peatland in territory of Spiš region and at the same time the greatest fen in Slovakia. As this site is characterized as calcareous fen its pH is in slightly alkaline region with extremely low concentration of phosphorus. The highest concentration of nitrogen and the lowest concentration of available potassium from all observed localities on peat Šúr were determined. This inland fen is situated in the Little Carpatiens mountains in the cadastral municipality Svätý Jur and Chorvátsky Grob. Medium concentration of organic carbon content, with low pH and quite low concentration of available nutrients on locality Abrod was determined. Abrod is fen meadow and it is situated in natural reserve Záhorie. On the basis the first preliminary results it can be concluded considerable differences in organic carbon content, pH and nutrients among observed localities due to different type of peatlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme spectra are a subset of the ensemble of climatic wave spectra corresponding to severe storm conditions in a sea with the certain return period. There are at least five classes of climatic spectra in the World Ocean, namely: wind waves, swell, wind waves and young swell, matured swell and wind waves, complicated wave fields. The parameters of climatic spectra and extreme spectra are describing by means of their joint distribution. The approach to design the extreme wave spectra is developed and partly realized in the new generation of wind and wave handbooks published by Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. Particularly, for Japan, Kara, Bering and White Seas climatic directional wave spectra (for return periods up to 100 years) are calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]