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Environmental policy is a relatively young science that originated in the late 60's and early 70's. The term environmental policy is used not only to describe national, international, global, regional or local environmental policy. Today, environmental policy is formulated by a number of other entities, primarily political parties, but also entities of the business sphere or the public sector. The Industrial Revolution is considered to be a fundamental milestone in the dynamics of human society's development, scope and manner of use and disruption of the environment and its functions. The extent of the use of the environment has been steadily growing rapidly. All company activities always affect the environment in some way. Activities related to industry, trade, transport and agriculture can be a source of high pressure on the environment. Considerate and responsible behavior with respect to the environment can be expected for companies due to legislative regulations requiring such behavior or this behavior is in line with the goal of making a profit. The aim of this paper is the environmental policy of the municipal company and its outputs, which are applied in the company's practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste management is a public service, the provision of which is the responsibility of local authorities. The area of waste management is currently very strongly regulated in the national and European and at the same time monitored by the civil public with a strong context in public election processes. Expenditures on waste management make up a relatively substantial part of municipal expenditures not only in the Czech Republic but also in developed countries, which is why a number of economists are paying attention to them. This emphasis is related, on the one hand, to the fact that they are interpreted from public sources and belong to the categories of environmental expenditure. Significant influences influencing the above factors include the standard of living of the population in each region and their consumption patterns, population density, geographical conditions, transport services, methods of collection and transport of commodities, availability and equipment of waste management technologies, competition of companies handling waste, the method of setting the price for the service and more. Green competition in waste management is very important, because environmental issues, the principle of circular economy, etc. and a properly set strategy based on results, will support and improve management and social thinking about waste companies. The aim of this paper is to present the results of waste management in the city of Havířov in terms of time and money. The results are old so that the consistency of the data obtained is maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal waste is defined as waste from households and other sources, such as retail, administration, education, health, accommodation and food services and other services and activities, which is similar in nature and composition to household waste. Municipal waste should therefore include, inter alia, waste from park and garden maintenance, such as leaves, grass and tree clippings, and waste from market and street cleaning, such as the contents of rubbish bins and rubbish, with the exception of materials such as sand, stones, mud or dust. The rules and guidelines for municipal waste management are, of course, set by the relevant legal regulations, first of all the regulations and directives of the European Union, then the laws, government regulations and decrees. The Czech Republic is obliged to implement all EU regulations. The number of regulations adopted at the level of the European Union has been so great in recent years that they no longer even "roll over" into Czech Act No. 1852001 Coll. on waste, but only references to the relevant EU standards are inserted. The aim of the presented article is to define the procedures for waste treatment of a selected municipal company operating in the city of Havířov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste management is currently a priority for everyone. Everyone today focuses on reducing, reusing and recycling our waste. Nevertheless, the best solution is to recover energy from the rest of the waste. The reason is that this part is a sustainable part of the waste management chain, which makes it possible to produce valuable and renewable energy. This sector is among the cleanest in Europe by reducing emissions of pollutants from operations, which convert waste into energy, which is subject to the strictest regulations in the world. The aim of the proposed article is to evaluate the use of waste for energy use in the Czech Republic. Thermal decomposition of waste, the aim of which is to obtain energy, can be carried out in several ways. The facilities for energy utilization of solid alternative fuels from municipal waste include so-called multi-fuel boilers, cement plants, heating plants and power plants using co-firing together with coal or equipment directly intended for energy utilization of these fuels. The use of alternative fuels in large energy installations is still rather rare. The article presents the results and confirms the results of studies that capacity facilities for energy recovery of waste are insufficient in the conditions of the Czech Republic, both in terms of capacity and technology. In addition to its own facilities, the necessary infrastructure for waste transport was also assessed from a conceptual point of view. One third to half of the waste is transported over a distance of 10 to 20 km. This is related to the supply of heat to the central heat supply, where the facility for energy recovery of waste is located at the place of waste production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste treatment is considered one of the critical environmental issues. Waste should be understood not only as a source of pollution but as a raw material. Nevertheless, we need well-sorted waste for recovery. Separate collection of municipal waste is an activity in which components of municipal waste are separated. It is based on the conscious activity of citizens, who primarily sort the relevant raw materials. At present, the citizen is obliged to sort waste by law in Slovakia, and the municipality is obliged to create conditions for separation by a suitable system. By obtaining current data, it will be possible to anticipate the development of waste management and propose modifications so that as much waste as possible is separated. This paper is focused on the analysis of the development of selected types of municipal waste, for analysis was selected locality in Slovakia with different types of urbanization. Specifically, we will focus on plastics, paper, metals, and glass. By comparing the obtained data, we will determine the scheme of the probability of waste development for the following years. The obtained data will also serve to analyze further the waste management framework in Slovakia and the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste is not only an environmental problem, but an economic loss because Romania recycles only a small part of municipal waste. The use of atmospheric pollutant dispersion models has become necessary due to costefficiency reasons, given the limitation of fixed measuring points/stations for these pollutants. The paper studies the dispersion of PM10 dust particle pollution in the landfill’s area of influence, depending on wind direction and speed. Simulations are based on measurements of suspended particles, carried out each season, in the perimeter of the analysed ecological landfill. Based on these simulations, the landfill’s area of influence can be established and measures to reduce PM10 dust pollution can be established. Two monitoring points were selected, located in the NE, respectively SE, sides of the landfill. The months of the year in which the monitoring was carried out were chosen to cover each season, namely: February, May, August and November. The area-specific climatological data needed for the program were measured during the same period in which samples were taken. Based on these simulations, we established the area of influence for PM10 dust that is generated by activities carried out within the municipal waste deposit. We found out that this area doesn’t extend beyond the waste treatment and storage unit’s limits. Due to great distance from the village in immediate vicinity of the warehouse, the inhabited areas register no pollution with PM10 particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waste management is a key factor for sustainable regional and local development. It affects directly to environment – soil, water, air and etc., which are one of pillars of quality of life and living conditions. The article presents an approach for more easy understanding of the set of statistical data that monitored environment and in particular waste management. The waste management has been analyzed at national, regional and local levels. A share of treated municipal waste of total municipal waste generated in Bulgaria, by type of treatment method, has been studied at national level for the period from 1999 to 2016 year. The waste management at regional and local level was analysed by designing of two indexes – the Regional waste management index (RWMI) and the Municipal waste management index (MWMI). The index includes a set of the most important indicators selected based on criteria such as relevance, significant, representativeness and etc. The ranking lists by the RWMI and by the MWMI were created for 2015, 2016 and 2017 year and the changes in places of studied territorial units were identified. The results showed the adequacy of the applied methodology. The problems during process of indicators selection were described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volume of generated municipal waste increases proportionally with the rise in population and higher personal consumption by individuals. Municipal waste management requires considerable financial resources and, because all of us generate waste, we all have to contribute our share. In the Slovak Republic, the fees for municipal waste are laid down by Act No. 582/2004 Coll. on local taxes and local fees for municipal waste and minor construction waste. Pursuant to this Act, municipalities issue their generally binding regulations on local taxes and local fees for municipal waste and minor construction waste in which they determine their fees for municipal waste and minor construction waste. The fee may also include the costs of waste containers for mixed municipal waste. Based on the results of a multi-year research undertaken by the authors, the average fee for municipal waste and minor construction waste is gradually increasing as we move from the eastern Slovak districts towards the west. At the same time, the fee amount not only depends on whether it is paid in a municipality or in a city, its population count or the company which collects the waste, but also on the region in which the municipality is situated. Based on the obtained results the formula for the calculation of municipal waste costs was created, i.e. through the process control it is possible to influence the costs of waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the implementation of the characterization, i.e. the determination of the relevant mechanical and physical characteristics of the municipal waste landfill, it is necessary to define the optimal scope of the investigative works. The criterion of an optimum is determined by the minimum volume of planned actions with maximizing their performance. Generally, exploratory drillings give the so-called dotted data, with a regularly questionable quality of undisturbed and even disturbed samples. At the same time, they are economically disadvantageous given the usual unit cost of their implementation. Consequently, a number of relevant examples show that the application of geophysical methods is an optimal process for obtaining relevant information regarding the solution of various engineering tasks. For example, in determining physical-mechanical and geometrical properties of municipal waste a wide range of geophysical methods is used. The paper presents examples of geophysical methods for determining the necessary characteristics of municipal waste landfill in the northwestern part of Croatia. It has been shown that the volume and quality of the data obtained fully meet the requirements of the designer and the investor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In article results of researches in the field of development of information and analytical management waste systems are provided. Functionality and the fields of use of modern information technologies and the relevant software solutions in the considered sphere are analysed, feasibility of use for the solution of tasks of waste management of geoinformation technologies is shown. For the purpose of operational detection of the unauthorized dumps which are formed on the urban area the Internet resource realizing GIS-technology is developed. In article are considered the author's evaluation method of danger of unauthorized dumps based on data of on-site investigations of the urban area and the special software developed on its basis. The directions of further development of the project as a part of a complex information management system by logistics of municipal waste are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of modern technology affects all spheres of life. The use of such advanced technologies in urban management of individual processes and services is a concept of smart cities. The use of these innovative means leads to the efficient functioning of cities, reduce costs and often improve the quality of life of residents. Smart cities are a concept aimed at introducing information and communication technologies and tools for the effective management of sites and integrating citizens into his work. Smart cities create plans for future investments using information technology, with the participation and support of all stakeholders operating in the territory. Develop the new ideas and services that will benefit the population, local economy and the wider public. One such area where it is possible to apply this advanced technology is an area of waste management and disposal of municipal waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second half of the twentieth century the problems related to waste disposal have become a serious civilization challenge. Economic and technical development led to increased production of waste. The most important objective of the Waste Framework Directive (Directive 2008/98/EC on waste) is to break the link between economic growth and waste generation. The principles of sustainable development and the European Union regulations for sustainable waste management are the main guidelines for municipal waste management policy in Poland. According to the Directive, sustainable treatment of waste must follow the hierarchy which is listed in order of priority: prevention, preparing for reuse, recycling, other recovery e.g. energy recovery and disposal. A number of reforms were introduced in Poland according to the EU guidelines. New regulations organizing a new waste management system in the country were introduced in 2013. The local governments were responsible for the implementation of the new policy. Also, the local government of the city of Krakow had to reform municipal waste management. The paper presents issues related to the municipal waste management in Krakow. Analysis presented in the article shows municipal waste collection system and main installations for the waste management and processing. Installations for composting biodegradable waste, segregation of recyclable materials, alternative fuel processing and waste storage in the landfill are described as well as the municipal waste incineration plant - the largest of the investments in the municipal waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]