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Background. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing. The disease is known to be an important risk factor for cognitive decline. Given the importance of diagnosing and controlling cognitive disorders such as memory impairment in diabetic patients and the difference of cognitive impairments in different populations, we decided to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes with memory and executive function . Methods. This case-control study was performed on 30 type 2 diabetic patients (case group) and 30 nondiabetic patients (control group) referred to Sheikh ol-Rayis Clinic in Tabriz during 1997. Demographic information questionnaires and Persian Cognitive Assessment Package (PCAP) were administered to all subjects in both groups. Results. pPatients with diabetes achieved lower scores in working memory tests and concentration tests compared to controls (healthy controls). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding executive function (P