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1. Humans and animals are commonly exposed to indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and resveratrol (RES) via food or beverages. Moreover, these compounds have been demonstrated to potentially cause food–drug interactions. However, information about their combined effects is limited. Therefore, we investigated the effects of I3C and RES, both as single compounds and in combination, on cytochrome P450 1A and 3A activity and gene expression. 2. Using porcine microsomes, we demonstrated that RES caused non-competitive inhibition of CYP1A activity and un-competitive inhibition of CYP3A activity. Compared to the effect of single compounds, co-treatment with I3C and RES increased a degree of inhibition of CYP1A activity. 3. In porcine primary hepatocytes, treatment with I3C and RES resulted in induction of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A29 mRNA expression. 4. In conclusion, we demonstrated that both RES and I3C could cause food–drug interactions and that the combined effect could be more potent in doing so.

1. Little is known about the activities and regulation of cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) enzymes in porcine colon in response to specific feeding components. 2. We added hydrolyzable tannins to the diet of fattening boars and studied its effect on the expression of hepatic and intestinal CYP3A. 3. In total, 51 Landrace × Large White boars were assigned to the following treatment groups: control (without the addition of hydrolysable tannins), T1 (diet-containing 1% hydrolysable tannin extract), T2 (diet-containing 2% hydrolysable tannin extract) and T3 (diet-containing 3% hydrolysable tannin extract). CYP3A expression and activity were measured in microsomes prepared from liver and colon tissue. 4. CYP3A protein expression and activity were increased in the colon of pigs fed 2% and 3% tannins, while no changes were observed with lower tannin concentrations, or in the liver of any treatment groups. Also, it was demonstrated that colon mucosa possess CYP3A activity similar to that measured in the liver. 5. The present results provide the first evidence that tannin supplementation can modulate CYP3A in porcine colon mucosa in vivo. The physiological significance of this finding for the health status of the individual animal needs further investigation.