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Purpose: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) into Hausa and assess its psychometric properties., Materials and Methods: The NPQ was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Hausa using recommended guidelines. A consecutive sample of 92 Hausa-speaking patients with non-specific neck pain recruited from three tertiary hospitals in north-western Nigeria, completed the questionnaire to assess factorial validity (using confirmatory factor analysis), convergent validity (by correlating the Hausa-NPQ with the Numerical Pain Rating Scale [NPRS]), and internal consistency (using Cronbach's α). A subsample of 50 patients completed the questionnaire again 3 days after the first administration to assess relative reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and absolute reliability using standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change (SDC), and 95% limits of agreement (LOA)., Results: The factor analysis confirmed a single-factor structure with excellent internal consistency (α = 0.94). The questionnaire showed a strong positive correlation with the NPRS ( rho  = 0.68). The ICC was 0.86, with SEM and SDC of 6.32 and 17.5, respectively. The LOA was - 29.3 to + 37.1 with no evidence of proportional bias., Conclusions: The Hausa-NPQ is a valid and reliable measure of disability due to neck pain.

Background : Traditionally, stroke rehabilitation outcomes are based on indicators of physical function, such measures may underrate the all-inclusive impact of stroke such as oral health. Objectives : To investigate the relationship between upper extremity motor function and oral hygiene status as well as the impact of stroke on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Methods : Sixty stroke survivors were included in this cross-sectional survey. Spasticity and motor function/mobility of the affected upper extremity were assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale and Action Research Arm Test, respectively. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and oral health impact was assessed using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile. Pearson's moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between oral hygiene and upper extremity motor function variables. Results : There were significant relationships between the oral hygiene index and Shoulder muscles spasticity (r = 0.374, p = .01), wrist muscles spasticity (r = 0.352, p = .01), as well as basic mobility (r = 0.423, p = .01). An estimated 8% (n = 5) of study participants have their QoL strongly impacted by their oral health. Conclusions : Upper extremity motor function variables such as spasticity and basic mobility matters in determining oral hygiene status after stroke. Stroke has little impact on oral health-related quality of life.

Background : Social factors modulating stroke outcomes are found to be culturally and gender inclined. We examined social support and social constraints in Hausa women stroke survivors. Aim : To determine social support and social constraints in Hausa women after stroke. Materials and methods : Seventy-four (74) Hausa women stroke survivors were conveniently recruited from three tertiary health centers to participate in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and stroke-related attributes of the participants were obtained. Perceived social support and social constraints were assessed using multidimentional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and the social problem questionnaire (SPQ), respectively. The relationship and association between different variables were assessed using Pearson's correlation and chi-square test, respectively. Results : Majority of the participants (60.8%) reported adequate level of social support. Similarly, most participants reported fairly low level of social constraints in total family stress (91.9%) and nonchild-related stress (90.5%). None of the participants' sociodemographic features had a significant relationship with either social support or social constraints ( p > .05). Findings indicated an inverse relationship between social support and social constraint. Conclusion : Findings of this study suggest that adequate social support potentially limits the level of social constraint encountered by women who suffered stroke. The Hausa culture seems to be impressive in characteristically demonstrating high level of social support as found in this study. It is recommended that physiotherapist should assist by providing educative programs that would increase caregiver's knowledge of social support and how to develop it and cultural values that emphasize positive social interaction should be encouraged.

Purpose: An important focus of poststroke rehabilitation is the attainment of community participation. However, several factors may influence participation some of which vary from setting to setting. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing community participation among community-dwelling stroke survivors in the Western Cape, South Africa. Materials and methods: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) and the Social Support Questionnaire 6 (SSQ6) were the instruments used to collect data. Participant demographics, clinical features and domain-specific scores of the WHODAS 2.0 were used as potential predictors. Correlation analysis and multiple regression models were used to examine determinants of community participation. All assessments were conducted using face-to-face interviews. Results: One hundred and six stroke survivors enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Risk factors, cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along with people, household activities and total WHODAS 2.0 score were associated with participation. Four predictors of community participation were identified from multiple regression, namely mobility (38%), cognition (11%), life activities (4%) and stroke risk factors (1%). Determinants varied by gender and age group. Mobility predominated in males and younger adults, while cognition was more pronounced in females and the elderly. Lastly, the influence of social support on community participation was largely defined by the gender and age of stroke survivors. Conclusion: The findings suggest focusing stroke rehabilitation on important factors such as mobility, cognition, life activities and risk factors to advance patients' participation. It also emphasizes giving specific consideration to key factors specific for gender and age of stroke survivors. Implications for Rehabilitation Community participation in the general population of stroke survivors' is largely determined by their mobility function. Determinants of community participation among stroke survivors essentially vary according to age and gender. Clinically, this study suggests that focusing on specific determinants of improved community participation according to stroke patients' demographic categories (gender and age) may be an important impetus to enhance rehabilitation outcome.