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ObjectiveTo validate the factor structure and establish internal consistency reliability of the French-Canadian version of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4), using a Canadian sample of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) receiving post-acute rehabilitation services.DesignPsychometric analysis of prospectively collected French-Canadian MPAI-4 data.SettingInpatient and outpatient TBI rehabilitation programs.ParticipantsAdults (N = 1012) with a mild, moderate or severe TBI who received inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation interventions and for whom a first French-Canadian MPAI-4 measure was completed between 2016 and 2020.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasureFrench-Canadian MPAI-4 questionnaire.ResultsTo evaluate the factor structure of the French-Canadian MPAI-4, an exploratory factor analysis using a varimax rotation method was conducted on z-scores for all items. The final and best solution was a three-factor solution, which accounted for 48.68% of the variance. The internal consistency of the French-Canadian MPAI-4 was determined using Cronbach’s alpha and all three subscales showed good internal consistency (all .70 ≤ α ≤ .89). Reference norms for the TBI sample are provided in the form of T scores for subscales and total score, as well as descriptive raw data according to sex, age, TBI severity and rehabilitation setting.ConclusionsThe three factors extracted using data from the French-Canadian MPAI-4 are similar, but not entirely identical to the three subscales of the original MPAI-4. Overall, the French-Canadian MPAI-4 factor structure is validated. The questionnaire shows good psychometric properties and represents a suitable tool to measure functional evolution and social participation of TBI adults receiving rehabilitation services in a French-Canadian context. The provided reference norms will also help guide the clinical use of the MPAI-4 in French-Canadian TBI populations.