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Background: Highly polymorphic autosomal STR loci are useful for understanding population structure better and for forensic application, however the non-CODIS STR loci in the Han population of Shandong, located in Northern China, are not well-characterised., Aim: To investigate population genetic polymorphism and forensic efficiency of 21 autosomal STR loci from the Shandong Han population in Northern China and reveal the genetic relationships with other populations both at home and abroad., Subjects and Methods: In this study, population genetic data of 21 autosomal STR loci included in the Goldeneye DNA ID 22NC Kit that includes four CODIS loci and 17 non-CODIS loci were determined for 523 unrelated Han individuals in Shandong., Results: Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were not observed. A total of 233 alleles were detected with allele frequencies ranging from 0.0010 to 0.3728. The combined power of discrimination was 0.99999999999999999999999990011134, and the combined power of exclusion was 0.99999999788131. Furthermore, in an analysis of population differentiation Nei's standard genetic distance and multidimensional scaling analysis, which were conducted based on the overlapping 15 STR loci, revealed that the Shandong Han population was most closely related to populations in close geographic proximity., Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the 21 autosomal STR loci included in the Goldeneye TM DNA ID 22NC system are highly polymorphic and suitable for forensic identification and paternity testing in the Shandong Han population. Additionally, the present results enrich the population genetic database.

Background: Short tandem repeats (STRs) are important as common genetic markers in forensic identification and population genetics due to their highly polymorphic nature., Aims: To explore genetic polymorphisms of the Chinese Hunan Han population and further dissect genetic relationships among the Hunan Han and other populations from China., Subjects and Methods: In this study, samples of 394 unrelated healthy individuals from the Chinese Hunan Han population were analysed using 46 autosomal-STRs (A-STRs). Thirteen previously reported populations (6378 individuals) from China were subsequently collected for population genetic analyses based on 23 shared A-STRs., Results: In the Hunan Han population, a total of 452 alleles were detected in 46 A-STRs with allelic frequencies spanning from 0.0013 to 0.5571. Except for the Penta D locus in linkage disequilibrium, the combined power of discrimination and the combined power of exclusion for 45 A-STRs in the Hunan Han population were 0.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999510314 and 0.999999999999999726596, respectively. Results of interpopulation differentiation, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic relationship analyses uniformly showed that the Hunan Han have closer genetic affinities with Han populations from different Chinese regions and a geographically close ethnic minority group, namely the Hubei Tujia., Conclusion: To summarise, these 46 A-STRs showed high polymorphism in the Chinese Hunan Han population for forensic practice.

Background: Many countries have developed their core set of STR loci for forensic application and database generation, which India lacks., Aim: To assess the usefulness of various combinations of autosomal STR marker sets for their superior use in the central Indian population for forensic and paternity applications., Subjects and Methods: 19 STR marker sets were analysed on 200 central Indian populations and 20 paternity cases to assess their usefulness., Results: Two marker sets each comprising 19 STR markers are found to be superior to 20 expanded CODIS loci in the studied population. These marker sets also showed their effectiveness in 20 paternity cases having CPI values of 7.62 × 10 11 and 7.16 × 10 11 . Three non-CODIS STR markers Penta E, Penta D, and SE33 showed amplification in 50 challenging samples with >0.80 heterozygosity., Conclusion: Population-specific STR marker sets are useful in forensic and paternity applications, as well as database generation, and it is envisioned that Penta E, Penta D, and SE33 markers will be included in the list of core STR loci in the central Indian population.