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This study examines land use transformations and their impact on groundwater quality fluctuations in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. Chengalpattu is a rapidly urbanizing coastal region in South India. Landsat 5 and 9 satellite imagery were utilized to create land use land cover (LULC) maps for 2011 and 2021, with overall accuracies of 82.20% and 85.71%, respectively. The analysis showed significant growth in built-up and fallow lands due to urbanization, which has altered LULC. Groundwater Quality Index (GQI) was generated using seven groundwater quality parameters, adhering to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The mean GQI showed slight fluctuations during pre- and post-monsoon periods, with a declining trend in pre-monsoon seasons. The study area predominantly experiences moderate groundwater quality, with fewer areas of low and high quality. The findings indicate that land use transformation significantly impacts groundwater quality, emphasizing the need for sustainable urban planning and water resource management in the region.