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Eight cadinane-type sesquiterpenes, including a new cadinane-type sesquiterpene, named as mappianiodene ( 1 ), and seven known analogues ( 2 - 8 ), were isolated and identified from the stems and leaves of Mappianthus iodoides . The chemical structure and absolute configurations of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectral methods and the known compounds were identified by comparing their experimental spectral data with the reported spectral data in the literature. The anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV activities of those isolated cadinane-type sesquiterpenes were tested. As a result, cadinane-type sesquiterpenes 1 - 8 displayed notable inhibitory effects on NO (nitric oxide) production with IC 50 values equivalent to that of the hydrocortisone. Moreover, compounds 1 - 8 exhibited pronounced anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activities with the EC 50 values in range of 0.17 to 9.28 µM.

A phytochemical investigation on the fruits of Artocarpus heterophyllus led to the isolation and characterisation of a new prenylated coumarin, artoheteronin ( 1 ), together with six known analogues ( 2 - 7 ). The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated using extensive spectral methods and the known compounds ( 2 - 7 ) were identified by comparing their spectral data with those reported in the literature. All known compounds ( 2 - 7 ) were isolated from the genus Artocarpus for the first time. The anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV activities of all isolated prenylated coumarins (1-7) were assessed in vitro. As a result, compounds 1 - 7 displayed notable inhibitory effects against nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in vitro with the IC 50 values in range of 0.58 ± 0.06 to 6.29 ± 0.12 μM. Meanwhile, compounds 1 - 7 exhibited notable anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activities possessing EC 50 values in the range of 0.18 to 9.12 µM.

A phytochemical study on the fruits of Artocarpus heterophyllus caused the isolation of a previously undescribed steroid, artoheterophoid ( 1 ), together with seven known analogues ( 2 - 8 ). The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds ( 2 - 8 ) were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literatures. All known compounds ( 2 - 8 ) were separated from A. heterophyllus for the first time. All isolated compounds ( 1 - 8 ) were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro by measuring the inhibitory effect against nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 1 - 8 displayed remarkable inhibitory effects against NO production with the IC 50 values in the range of 0.72 ± 0.07 to 5.93 ± 0.12 μM.