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GM crops, as a widely researched and applied biotechnology, hold significant strategic and practical implications for promoting the commercialization of GM crops in China, driving agricultural industry upgrading, and fostering economic and social development. However, despite their potential benefits, the commercialization of GM crops in China has been consistently delayed. Therefore, this study aims to explore the trust relationship between the government and the public in the field of genetically modified organisms and the heterogeneous impacts generated at the production and consumption ends. We primarily focus on insect-resistant cotton and genetically modified papaya as representatives and base our research on survey data from Xinjiang and Guangdong. By employing factor analysis and establishing multiple Probit models with government trust, crop purposes, and farmer expectations as independent variables, and the commercialization of GM crops as the dependent variable, we conduct two sets of empirical analyses. The study finds that government trust has a more significant impact on consumer concerns about whether to consume GM products than on producers, who prioritize farmers' desire for agricultural product profitability. Age and education levels also influence the public's acceptance of planting GM crops, but the effects are not as significant as the core variables mentioned earlier. Based on this, we conclude that consumers and farmers have different positions and contradictions in the specific scenario of delayed GM commercialization in China. In this context, this paper argues that diversified strategies should be adopted to address the issue of commercialization of GM crops in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring and estimating potential snow disasters in pastoral areas of northern Xinjiang Province are important for decision-making in hazard reduction and prevention. In this paper, four scenes of NOAA/AVHHR (Advanced Very high Resolution Radiometer) images were combined with ground observation data in the north of Xinjiang Province to establish a model for monitoring snow depth. Using a linear spectral decomposition method, the pixel-based snow coverage and snow classification were studied. The spatial characteristics of snow, grassland, animal and climate factors were used to develop two new quantified indices for estimating the potential snow hazard grade and for integrated evaluation of snow disasters to grassland animal husbandry. The criteria for snow hazard grade and snow disaster evaluation were established. Results indicated that: (i) a pixel-based index K1, based on grassland yield, animal capacity, utilisable grassland area coefficient and seasonal grazing utilisation scenarios, can be quantitatively integrated to reflect the grassland capability of resisting snow disasters; (ii) the snow hazard index (K) systematically expresses the spatial and temporal changes of grassland and snow cover, and analyses, and predicts and evaluates the snow hazard grade under conditions where climatic and animal husbandry information may be unavailable during snow disasters. This index plays an important role in studies on early warning of snow hazard in pastoral areas; (iii) the integrated snow disaster evaluation index (E) and related classification criteria reflect the details of snow disaster magnitude in temporal and spatial scales, which provide the basic information for dynamic monitoring and integrated evaluation on snow disasters in pastoral areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of snow depth based on temperature brightness with passive microwave sensing is still achallenging problem. Snow depth for the snow cover hydrological model and climate model is asignificant input parameter. Hence, this study concentrates on Inversion Model Assisted Vector Analysis (IMAV) for estimating snow depth in north Xinjiang based on the brightness of temperature. Further, the estimated set of IMAV has been hybridized to address the problem. The results suggested that for both horizontal and vertically polarized PMW radiation the IMAV outperforms SVM at 11.05, 19.6, and 38.4 GHz. If the root mean square error (RMSE) in the IMAV performance is 8 K or below, compared with anormal SVM calculation, then the average over the nine-year study period across the North Xinjiang region of China, the failure correlation coefficient is 7 or greater. Compared with SVM tests, the RMSE was decreased by more than 17% for any of the six frequencies and polarization combinations evaluated, while the anomaly coefficient was raised by more than 50%.Such results suggest that the IMAV is asuperior alternative to the SVM for subsequent use in adata assimilation system as acalculating operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detailed information pertaining to soil erosion is required to ensure eco-environment protection and economic development for Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and remote sensing and geographical information system technologies are adopted to obtain an accurate distribution of soil erosion. An improved estimation method for wind erosion is developed, which proves to be effective with an overall precision of 87.24%. The proposed model uses six critical factors: number of snow cover days, soil erodibility, aridity index, vegetation fraction, soil crust index, and wind field intensity. Results show that soil wind erosion is widely distributed throughout the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The average erosion intensity is 0.50, which is determined to be a moderate erosion level. The wind erosion intensity increases from a slight level in the western part to a severe level in the mid-eastern part. The mean intensity of soil wind erosion for varying land use types is ranked in descending magnitude of barren or sparse vegetation, open shrubland, grassland, cropland, evergreen coniferous forest, and mixed forest. There are large differences in soil wind erosion intensities among soil types; grassland has severe wind erosion and Luvic Arenosols has the lowest erosion intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China appears to be many things at once: it has wealthy cities and poor villages; the futuristic cityscape of Shanghai exists alongside ancient traditional temples; it is a Communist state and a booming capitalist economy; it shows a Han Chinese face to the world as it struggles with multinational diversity; it ranks well on governance for its economic development index but still confronts enormous governance challenges. How well China deals with its governance challenges will impact not only all of Asia but also the entire world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a web-GIS based support system for rural residential land consolidation in China was designed to evaluate the potential and objectives for rural land consolidation. It was developed using ASP.NET. ArclMS, ArcSDE and SQL Server technologies. The results show: (I) that according to the potential evaluation, the major rural consolidation areas are concentrated in the north-east of China, east China, north China and Inner Mongolia. These account for 65% of the total potential area in 2010; (2) that based on the rural consolidation objectives analysis, the major rural consolidation areas are concentrated in north-east China, east China, north China, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang province. These account for 75% of the total consolidation objective area in 2020; (3) that the data can be shared and transported by the system on the internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the internal and external challenges of Uyghur separatism and Islamic radicalism to Chinese rule om Xinjiang, China. Commonly held perceptions on the situation in Xinjiang; Historical background of Uyghur separatism; Real separatist conflicts; Role played by communications media in the Xinjiang situation.

The article reports on developments related to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China. Xinjiang is the largest administrative unit in China. It covers a vast area of 1.6 million square kilometers, or 16.7 percent of China's territory. Politically, Xinjiang is advantageous for two reasons, being an autonomous region, the Regional People's Congress in Urumqi has the authority to devise local laws and regulations that reflect its peculiar characteristics, and second, Xinjian is eligible for special assistance from the central government.