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The article discusses the scroll titled "Three Gorges Dam Migration" by artist Yun-Fei Ji, which depicts the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangzi River in China. Aspects of the artwork are explored including the use of calligraphic colophon, interpersonal contact among the piece's subjects, and the depiction of families moving away from the Badong area of China. Materials used in the creation of the scroll are presented including ink, bamboo, and silk. The article also presents a translation of the colophon text of the work, originally written in Chinese.

The operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) affects the evolution of the interactions between the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake in China and water diversions from the river, which are essential to water resources management in this large river–lake system. Due to the lack of up-to-date and detailed channel topographic/bathymetric data, a simplified flow model based on rating curves was developed to simulate discharges in the river system, and to further quantify and differentiate the contributions of river erosion and flow regulation of the TGR at a seasonal scale. The results indicate that the effect of channel alteration counteracts the effect of reservoir regulation in the high-flow periods. The impacts of TGR regulation on water diversions for both pre- and post-flood seasons were significant, but no obvious changes in the discharge diversion ratios were observed on an annual time scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A typhoon is one of the most dangerous natural disasters in the Yangtze River Delta of China. Based on an integrated assessment of the disaster risk elements, including hazard factor, exposure, and vulnerability, the risk level of a typhoon disaster for the Yangtze River Delta as a county-level unit was ultimately determined. The result shows that the risk levels of typhoon hazard factor are gradually weakened from the southeastern coastal areas to the northwest, and the highest-risk areas are located in the southeastern coastal regions. Due to many towns, dense population, a developed economy, and a huge disaster-bearing body in the north of the Yangtze River Delta, which is also located on the plain for a high susceptibility to a disaster-breeding environment, the exposure risk level in the northern areas is higher than in the south. The most vulnerable counties are Chun'an, Xianju, Tiantai, and Sanmen in Zhejiang Province, and Baoying and Xinghua in Jiangsu Province. The highest-risk areas for a typhoon disaster are primarily located in the southeastern coastal areas of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Bay, and Shanghai near the Yangtze River Estuary, while the lowest-risk areas are distributed in the western portion of Hangzhou and the northern area of the Yangtze River Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yangtze drainage basin is the most densely populated and prosperous area of China; however, it is frequently threatened by floods. The Holocene flood lines of the Yangtze River have been preserved on Mt. Mufu and Swallow Cliff in north-eastern Nanjing, and they are characterised by the presence of particular colour tones and the horizontal arrangement of erosional pits and holes. Four major paleo-flood lines at altitudes of 8.51, 9.43, 10.47, and 12.84 m were identified via a field survey along the river bank. Historical literature and instrumental flood records extend the paleo-flood stage to the contemporary era and indicate that the highest flood line of 12.84 m represents a maximum limit for future floods. Besides, the flood line at 10.47 m can be regarded as a foreseeable extreme flood risk level with a recurrence interval of 100–200 years, especially considering the current circumstances of rising sea levels and decreasing flood storage capacities caused by human activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and its impact on hydrological processes are overarching issues that have brought challenges for sustainable water resources management. In this study, surface water resources in typical regions of China are projected in the context of climate change. A water balance model based on the Fu rational function equation is established to quantify future natural runoff. The model is calibrated using data from 13 hydrological stations in 10 first-class water resources zones of China. The future precipitation and temperature series come from the ISI-MIP (Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project) climate dataset. Taking natural runoff for 1961–1990 as a baseline, the impacts of climate change on natural runoff are studied under three emissions scenarios: RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Simulated results indicate that the arid and semi-arid region in the northern part of China is more sensitive to climate change compared to the humid and semi-humid region in the south. In the near future (2011–2050), surface water resources will decrease in most parts of China (except for the Liaozhong and Daojieba catchments), especially in the Haihe River Basin and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. The decrement of surface water resources in the northern part of China is more than that in the southern part. For the periods 2011–2030 and 2031–2050, surface water resources are expected to decrease by 12–13% in the northern part of China, while those in the southern part will decrease by 7–10%.EDITOR D. KoutsoyiannisASSOCIATE EDITOR R. Hirsch [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Under natural conditions, the evolution of lake trophic status is not only influenced by climatic and hydrological factors but also by the biological interactions and feedbacks occurring within the lake ecosystem. To envision long-term changes of lake trophic status in several shallow lakes from the Yangtze River basin, we focused on variations in nutrient level and attempted to use both hydrologic- and ecodynamic-based physical models. One was an equivalent-hydrology model with external driving forces from catchment climate and hydrology changes (Model 1), the other was a dynamic model with internal driving forces from the biological interactions within the lake ecosystem (Model 2). Two models were employed in order to distinguish the effects of climate change (by Model 1) from ecosystem feedbacks (by Model 2) on the long-term lake nutrients changes and to further determine which driver was the primary cause for the changes. Variations in lake producer biomass and total phosphorus (TP) were simulated for a historic 200-yr period (1640–1840 AD) in Lake Taihu and seven other similar lakes from the Yangtze River basin after calibration and validation of the control runs (1950–2000 AD). Results showed that (1) TP simulations by Model 1 and Model 2 were mostly consistent with the reconstructed nutrient records from lake sediment cores; (2) the long-term variations of lake nutrients were primarily affected by precipitation under the influence of climate change and the decreases in lake nutrients were more likely to respond to the dry climate; and (3) approximately 49% of the variability in nutrient concentrations were contributed by the feedback of biological interactions in the lake ecosystem. The study results provide a scientific basis for long-term control of nutrients in lakes along the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ancherythroculter wangi, is a unique freshwater fish and mainly distributed in the upper stream of Yangtze River and its tributary. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of A. wangi was first determined. The total length of the complete mitochondrial genome is 16,622 bp, contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, one D-loop locus, and an origin of replication on the light-strand (OL). The overall nucleotide composition was 31.19% A, 24.84% T, 27.79% C, 16.18% G, with 56.03% AT, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis both highly supported that A. wangi showed a close relationship with Culter mongolicus and A. kurematsui. These data would contribute to elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms and biogeography of Ancherythroculter and is useful for the conservation of genetics and stock evaluation for A. wangi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis is endemic to the Upper Yangtze River in China. In this study, we first determined the complete mitochondrial genome of S. szechuanensis. The circular mitogenome was 16,565 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 main noncoding regions. Most mitochondrial genes were encoded on the H-strand, except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes. The overall nucleotides composition was 30.38% A, 25.26% T, 27.74% C, and 16.62% G, with AT bias of 55.64%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated nucleotide sequences of the 13 PCGs with two different methods (ML and NJ) both highly supported that S. szechuanensis showed a close relationship with S. puliensis and S. sichangensis. These data would be useful for further studies on genetic diversity and molecular phylogenetic relationship of the family Homalopteridae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]