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Objective: Chronic pulmonary inflammation caused by long-term smoking is the core pathology of COPD. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are involved in the pulmonary inflammation of COPD. The accumulation of damaged materials caused by impaired autophagy triggers inflammatory response in macrophages. As a key transcription regulator, transcription factor EB (TFEB) activates the transcription of target genes related autophagy and lysosome by binding to promoters, whereas it is unclarified for the relationship between inflammatory response induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and TFEB-mediated autophagy. Thus, we investigated the role of TFEB-mediated autophagy in inflammatory response induced by CSE in NR8383 cells, and to explore its potential mechanism. Methods: Based on cell viability and autophagy, cells treated with 20% concentration of CSE for 24 h were selected for further studies. Cells were divided into control group, chloroquine (CQ, the autophagy inhibitor) group, CSE group, CSE + rapamycin (the autophagy inducer) group and CSE + fisetin (the TFEB inducer) group. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in supernatant were detected by ELISA kits. The protein expressions were tested by western blot. The intensity of fluorescence of Lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and TFEB was detected by immunofluorescence. Lyso-Tracker Red staining was applied to detect the lysosome environment. Results: CSE inhibited the cell viability, increased the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, the ratio of LC3II/I, and the level of P62 protein. Besides, CSE decreased the fluorescence intensity of LAMP1 protein and Lyso-Tracker Red staining, as well as the ratio of nucleus/cytosol of TFEB protein. Activating autophagy with rapamycin alleviated CSE-induced inflammatory response. The activation of TFEB via fisetin alleviated CSE-induced autophagy impairment and lysosomal dysfunction, thus alleviated inflammatory response in NR8383 cells. Conclusion: CSE-induced inflammatory response in NR8383 cells, which may be related to the inhibition of TFEB-mediated autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the complete mitochondrial genome of Bottapotamon lingchuanense for the first time, which is found to be 17,612 base pairs in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), and 1 non-coding AT-rich region known as the D-loop. In addition, the mitogenome has 17 intergenic regions ranging from 1 to 1512 bp in length. The mitochondrial genome of B. lingchuanense is the first mitochondrial genome under the genus Bottapotamon, providing DNA data for species identification, enriching the species diversity of Brachyura. The maximum-likelihood (ML) tree and Bayesian inference (BI) tree based on the 13 PCGs of mitochondrial genome of Brachyura species showed similar topologies with high confidence, and the analysis results were consistent with the current mainstream classification system. The results indicating that B. lingchuanense is closely related to Neilupotamon sinense, Sinopotamon, and Tenuilapotamon, and it is likely to be derived from them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we first obtained the complete mitochondrial genome of Neilupotamon xinganense (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidea). The genome is 16,965 bp in length and typically consists of 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs genes, two rRNAs genes, and one putative control region). In addition, the mitogenome has 20 non-coding regions ranging from 1 to 683 bp in length. This study provides DNA data for further researches on population genetics and phylogenetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of Chinapotamon maolanense was obtained for the first time. The complete mitochondrial genome of C. maolanense is 17,130 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region. In addition, the mitogenome has 18 noncoding regions ranging from 1 to 1553 bp in length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the complete mitochondrial genome of Sinolapotamon patellifer for the first time, which is found to be 16,547 base pairs in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), and one non-coding AT-rich region known as the D-loop. In addition, the mitogenome has 17 intergenic regions ranging from 1 to 1512 bp in length. The mitochondrial genome of S. patellifer is the first mitochondrial genome under the genus Sinolapamon, providing DNA data for species identification, enriching the species diversity of Brachyura, and providing a basis for further studies on population genetics and phylogenetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycinin, an antigenic glycoprotein found in soybeans, is the major cause of allergic reactions in young animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a prior immunisation of sucking piglets with glycinin on their post-weaning growth performance, serum immunoglobulin contents, small intestinal histamine release and mucosal histology. Forty piglets (7 d of age) were randomly divided into four groups of 10 piglets each. Piglets of Group C (Control) received a physiological saline solution, Groups Im (Immunised) and Im+S (Sensitised) were immunised twice with 500 µg/kg of glycinin at 7 and 21-d-old. All piglets were weaned at 23 d; Groups Im+S and S were sensitised with 2500 µg/kg of glycinin at weaning. Compared with Group C, in Group S the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake and gain:feed ratio were decreased, and serum levels of IgG and IgE were increased. Furthermore, in this group, the histamine levels in the duodenum and ileum were significantly decreased, and the structure of duodenal and ileal mucosa was severely damaged. On the contrary, in Groups Im and Im+S the ADG was increased, serum IgE levels were decreased, intestinal histamine levels were increased and the intestinal mucosa was not damaged. These findings suggest that prior immunisation with glycinin can protect the structural integrity of the intestinal mucosal epithelia and alleviate allergic reactions in piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]