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This paper contributes a case study on the Manchester Methodology — a tool for studying the process of industrialisation — focusing on the Derwent Valley in the North East of England and discussing the social structure relevant for industrialisation. In this case study the social structure has been moved from a top-down hierarchy of ownership to a bottom-up concept of social benefit, thereby reflecting the improvement of the condition of the working masses during industrialisation. The paper also reflects on the use of quantitative data within the Manchester Methodology rather than the qualitative data originally employed. This approach has produced a clearer picture of the relative dominance of some industries over others which may not be evident from the qualitative method alone, and demonstrates how this can be used to create a refined model of the industrial landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine in this paper the concurrent appearance of the first two woods machines--the skidder and forwarder. By replacing the horse they initiated the industrial revolution in tree harvesting. We describe their invention and technological development. WE then assess their diffusion in the woods, revealing the greater success of the skidder. We demonstrate that this cannot be accounted for solely in terms of their respective technologies. Instead, we argue that interaction of technology with the social organization of their respective harvesting systems must be analyzed. By doing so, we find that the skidder altered that social organization whereas the forwarder did not. This paper, contributing to the understanding of an important area of economic activity which has been seriously understudied, illustrates concretely that comprehending technology requires locating it in the social organization of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises some of the results of a continuing long-term landscape study into the history and archaeology of modern Tameside as a response to a widespread call for archaeology to make a distinctive theoretical contribution to the study of the era of industrialisation. Whilst there are many modern studies of the industrial development of the cities and towns of England, there are comparatively few by archaeologists dealing with the rural fringes where the contrast between pre-industrial and industrial society were often most dramatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enormous changes in people's lives that accompany economic development may be expected to lead to changes in diet and other culture traits. In China, beginning in the late 1970s, economic development has been rapid, especially in the eastern coastal regions, and has led to growth of urban functions (industrial and service activities) in the countryside. The first section reviews important aspects of urban-rural contrasts since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, and the second section of the paper reviews models of urban-rural contrasts in economy, social organization, and culture. Liaoning is one of China's oldest industrial bases as well as a rich agricultural region and has a long history of industrial and urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To discuss the merits of this last hypothesis is beyond the scope of this paper, which has the much more limited aim of examining the empirical support for Lipset and Bendix's original argument. How firmly can we rely on their empirical generalization that the overall pattern of social mobility appears to be much the same in industrial societies? To answer this requires a reanalysis of their data. Although a complete assessment of this generalization would require the examination of all the available material, I have made here no attempt to incorporate more recent findings than they consider. Needless to say, this review is not meant to be negative but, rather, reopens an issue which may have been prematurely closed. Indeed it may even be that readers of Lipset and Bendix have imbued their findings with greater finality than was indicated, since in their original monograph they stress the tentative nature of their interpretation. As an interpretation their study remains masterful, and this critique should be seen in this context. One final qualification is that since the chapter in which this analysis appears was in fact written by Lipset and Zetterberg, it may be more proper to refer to this thesis as the Lipset-Zetterberg thesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]