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We describe a screening protocol for making clinical decisions about the fading of protective equipment worn by children with intellectual disability (ID) who injure themselves. The Protective Equipment Screening Protocol includes information sources derived from research publications and is presented in a format conducive to review and completion by treatment teams. An accompanying case report illustrates protocoldriven protective equipment fading procedures implemented with a self-injurious student. Using the screening protocol in a clinical context and research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusionClinical ImplicationsThe goal of this study was to develop and evaluate an intervention aimed at increasing cognitive empathy, improving mental health, and reducing inflammation in dementia caregivers, and to examine the relevant neural and psychological mechanisms.Twenty dementia caregivers completed an intervention that involved taking 3–5 daily photographs of their person living with dementia (PLWD) over a period of 10 days and captioning those photos with descriptive text capturing the inner voice of the PLWD. Both before and after the intervention, participants completed questionnaires, provided a blood sample for measures of inflammation, and completed a neuroimaging session to measure their neural response to viewing photographs of their PLWD and others.87% of enrolled caregivers completed the intervention. Caregivers experienced pre- to post-intervention increases in cognitive empathy (i.e. Perspective-Taking) and decreases in both burden and anxiety. These changes were paralleled by an increased neural response to photographs of their PLWD within brain regions implicated in cognitive empathy.These findings warrant a larger replication study that includes a control condition and follows participants to establish the duration of the intervention effects.Cognitive empathy interventions may improve caregiver mental health and are worthy of further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare is global. The challenges of the "triple aim" – achieving high-quality healthcare, maximal value, and an excellent patient experience and outcomes – are universal. Medical education is similarly global with worldwide efforts towards competency-based reform, the adoption and adaptation of accreditation standards, and the expansion of international collaborations between healthcare organizations (HCOs). The focus of many of these efforts centers around recognizing education as a talent pipeline to serve local and global healthcare needs. Accordingly, many U.S.-based academic medical centres are pursuing an increasingly global footprint by developing international partnerships between HCOs. The educational leadership at the Cleveland Clinic (an HCO that has ventured internationally in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United Arab Emirates) has adopted a "systemness" approach to medical education collaboratives. Systemness describes the ability of academic health systems to leverage existing structures, expertise, and other resources to address broadly shared educational needs across geographies, disseminate best practices, and ultimately improve the care that is delivered. The rationale for systemness, a concept derived from the healthcare administration and business world, affords the opportunity to achieve educational outcomes through synergy that exceeds the capability of any single component of a system. In this perspective, we posit a "systemness" taxonomy to be used to assess the performance and success of international collaborations in medical education and provide examples of its application to existing international partnerships in medical education. This framework is grounded in developmental assessment approaches, akin to those used in assessing learner performance, and defines levels of educational collaboration proficiencies, ultimately towards the alignment of these efforts with the health needs of the communities they serve. As global medical education collaboratives advance, ongoing assessment of existing partnerships and further research will be needed to define competencies and integrative activities that define high-performing medical education partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following an unexpected pediatric death, survivors undergo unique trauma. Medical examiners (MEs) evaluate most of these deaths. We evaluated the bereavement support available to survivors in the Chicagoland area following a pediatric death. We had two goals: to characterize the available bereavement support options and compare the locations (by zip code) of support groups with the locations (by zip code) in which pediatric ME cases occurred. We identified 48 organizations that provided bereavement support services at 74 locations in the summer and fall of 2020. Locations by zip codes in which the largest number of ME cases occurred did not have support groups. Locations in which more ME cases occurred generally had lower-income populations and a greater proportion of Black or Hispanic residents. Bereavement support following pediatric death is inadequate and unevenly distributed across the Chicagoland area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived discrimination has a significant negative impact on indices of mental health. One potential buffering factor in this is psychological resilience, which encompasses the ability to recover from or adapt successfully to adversity and use coping strategies, such as positive reappraisal of adverse events. This study examines the role of resilience as well as social support in buffering these effects in groups of migrants both with and without local residence permits. We conducted a non-experimental observational study with a cross-sectional design, collecting a variety of health variables in migrant groups in a naturalistic setting, during the COVID-19 period. The total sample consisted of 201 subjects, 88 of whom had a German residence title and 113 did not. These two groups were compared on the following variables of interest: social support, resilience, discrimination, and general mental health. There was no evidence for a difference in mental health between migrants with and without citizenship. However, our results suggested that migrants without citizenship reported less social support, less resilience, and more discrimination, which continued to have a distinct effect on mental health beyond resilience and social support. Psychological resilience mediated the link between social support and mental health, as well as being related to the perception of discrimination in the migrant group without citizenship. In conclusion, our models of migrants with and without citizenship showed that resilience specifically directly affected perceived discrimination in those without citizenship. The high levels of discrimination and lack of social support, particularly in the migrant group without citizenship, are concerning and suggest a focus for future interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescence dating of rocks and sediments associated with various anthropogenic rock arrangements has the potential to provide age information for these hard-to-date features. This study applies infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) to sediments under rocks and to the rocks themselves from tipi rings and other features from the northern Plains. Dates are provided for 27 sediment and 5 rock samples from 7 archaeological sites in Montana, North Dakota, and Saskatchewan, ranging in age from 0.20 to 4.35 ka. Most of the ages are consistent with one another and with other dating evidence but some discrepancies show the complexity involved in this kind of dating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral aneurysms that compress cranial nerve VIII can cause hearing loss and imbalance. Hearing function that does not recover after aneurysm occlusion can signal neurological damage with the potential for permanent deafness. A 72-year-old woman presented with gradually worsening left-sided hearing loss and imbalance over a period of 10 years. She was found to have a lesion of the cerebellopontine angle, which proved to be a large fusiform vertebral artery aneurysm with mass effect on cranial nerve VIII. The patient underwent surgical clip occlusion of the vertebral artery distal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and proximal to the aneurysm, which no longer filled on catheter angiography. Postoperatively, the patient experienced delayed complete loss of ipsilateral hearing on the third post-operative day. Otherwise, she made a good recovery with improvement in her balance issues. At that time, we suspected that delayed occlusion of a perforating vessel had probably caused irreversible hearing loss. Ten months later, the patient awoke with significant subjective recovery of her hearing. Audiometry confirmed substantial improvement in her hearing likely due to the aneurysm shrinking away from and decompressing the cranial nerve. This case highlights the continued usefulness of vascular occlusion in the management of selected cases of intracranial aneurysms and also that neurological function may recover suddenly, even in very delayed fashion, following treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Principles and applications of organizational behavior management (OBM) can be incorporated within human services settings to promote applied research that contributes to client outcomes, employee performance, systems development, and other value-added benefits. We describe organizational strategies for building a program of research and dissemination focused on (a) leadership direction and support, (b) assessment of barriers (competing contingencies) to research, (c) integration of research with routine service delivery, (d) formation of research teams, (e) oversight by a research review committee, (f) research training, supervision, and mentorship, (g) incentivizing research participation among employees, and (h) organizational research ethics. Steps and recommendations for implementing these strategies are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acute awareness of scarcity, land rent, fixed costs and environmental limits that characterized the classical period was largely forgotten during the hey-day of neoclassical growth economics. Awareness has now returned, and many scientists and engineers are devoting themselves to these issues. But a revolution in economic thought, bringing economics into line with biophysical principles and the challenges of climate change, consistent with the laws of thermodynamics, has not occurred. The paper closes with examples of the application of basic principles to the policy choices that lie ahead, and some suggestions for the future of economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syllophopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a taxonomically difficult and possibly polyphyletic genus of tiny, inconspicuous ants. Syllophopsis subcoeca (Emery) was described in 1894 from St Thomas, US Virgin Islands. This remained the sole published record of S. subcoeca for more than 100 years. Here, we present new descriptions of the worker and queen castes, and document a greatly expanded known geographic distribution of S. subcoeca in both the New World and the Old World. We compiled published and unpublished S. subcoeca specimen records from 67 sites. These include 59 New World sites on 12 West Indian islands (Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nevis, St Croix, St John, St. Kitts, St Lucia, Tortola and Trinidad) and in southern Florida. In addition, we report records of S. subcoeca from eight Old World sites, in Singapore and on two islands of the Northern Mariana Islands (Tinian and Saipan). Published records of Syllophopsis cf. subcoeca from Australia, Christmas Island and Sri Lanka are probably true S. subcoeca. All other Syllophopsis species appear to have originated in the Old World; therefore, the same is almost certainly true of S. subcoeca. It is likely that S. subcoeca was introduced to the West Indies and Florida through human commerce. Syllophopsis subcoeca appears to be a very recent arrival to Florida, where it is now known from nine sites in Miami-Dade and Broward counties. It remains to be seen whether S. subcoeca will become widespread in Florida. It seems unlikely that this S. subcoeca will become a significant ecological or agricultural pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lineage through time plots (LTTs) are often used to explore past patterns of lineage diversification and community assembly. However, as they are based solely on extant species their ability to accurately depict past events can be questioned. Here, simulation models based on neutral processes are used to explore immigration and extinction scenarios to assist with interpretation of LTT plots generated from molecular clock age estimates for a nearly complete set of extant New Zealand vascular plant genera. With significant genus turnover, model simulations yield smooth exponential and linear semi-log LTT plots. Abrupt changes in extinction and immigration rates imposed in the scenarios caused only slight alterations of the curves. The vast majority of New Zealand vascular plant genera derive from trans-oceanic dispersal, and LTT plots generated from divergence dates and fossil data indicate consistently high turnover. Even major geological and climatic events leave minor signatures on LTT plots. Most notably, the maximum Oligocene Marine Transgression (27–22 Ma), when at least 85% of the current landmass was inundated, isn't clearly registered. By themselves, LTT plots shed little light on the biotic effects of climatic or geomorphic change in the remote past and need to be interpreted in the light of fossil and geological data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delayed sleep-onset is a common problem among children and youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This case report describes the effects of a faded bedtime intervention on delayed sleep-onset and sleep duration in an adolescent student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at a residential-care setting. Faded bedtime consisted of putting him to bed later in the evening following an extended pre-bedtime routine that was based on his average time to sleep-onset recorded during a pre-intervention phase. Faded bedtime was associated with the student falling asleep more rapidly and sleeping longer each night. These outcomes improved further at a two-month follow-up assessment. Compared to previous research, the results suggest that faded bedtime can be effective beyond hospital and family-home settings, when implemented with a fixed (non-adjusting) daily schedule, and without additional intervention procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perinatal mortality in Uganda remains high at 38 deaths/1,000 births, an estimate greater than the every newborn action plan (ENAP) target of ≤24/1,000 births by 2030. To improve perinatal survival, there is a need to understand the persisting risk factors for death. Objective: We determined the incidence, risk factors, and causes of perinatal death in Lira district, Northern Uganda. Methods: This was a community-based prospective cohort study among pregnant women in Lira district, Northern Uganda. Female community volunteers identified pregnant women in each household who were recruited at ≥28 weeks of gestation and followed until 50 days postpartum. Information on perinatal survival was gathered from participants within 24 hours after childbirth and at 7 days postpartum. The cause of death was ascertained using verbal autopsies. We used generalized estimating equations of the Poisson family to determine the risk factors for perinatal death. Results: Of the 1,877 women enrolled, the majority were ≤30 years old (79.8%), married or cohabiting (91.3%), and had attained only a primary education (77.7%). There were 81 perinatal deaths among them, giving a perinatal mortality rate of 43/1,000 births [95% confidence interval (95% CI: 35, 53)], of these 37 were stillbirths (20 deaths/1,000 total births) and 44 were early neonatal deaths (23 deaths/1,000 live births). Birth asphyxia, respiratory failure, infections and intra-partum events were the major probable contributors to perinatal death. The risk factors for perinatal death were nulliparity at enrolment (adjusted IRR 2.7, [95% CI: 1.3, 5.6]) and maternal age >30 years (adjusted IRR 2.5, [95% CI: 1.1, 5.8]). Conclusion: The incidence of perinatal death in this region was higher than had previously been reported in Uganda. Risk factors for perinatal mortality were nulliparity and maternal age >30 years. Pregnant women in this region need improved access to care during pregnancy and childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What happens when we, as a profession, forget our past, whether it is what history and research have taught or the values that motivated us to become healers? Here, I explore this question. First, I remember several experiences I have had that illustrate what can go wrong when we "forget." Then, I review some of our history and research, critically examining it, to remind us of those lessons. Finally, I share examples from my own practice to show how remembering the past can guide us in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism of the book "Anthropocene Alerts: Critical Theory of the Contemporary as Ecocritique" by Timothy W. Luke is presented. Topics include the depiction of the Green New Deal (GND), a proposed legislation that aims to address climate change and economic inequality; and that the deal combines Franklin Roosevelt's economic approach with modern ideas such as renewable energy and resource efficiency.

In the existing literature of citizenship studies, Hong Kong citizens are described as enterprising, depoliticized individuals. Such formulation, however, falls short in explaining the emergence and resilience of civil society activism from the mid-2000s, particularly the anti-extradition protests in 2019. This article re-examines Hong Kong's citizenship in the post-handover era from the perspective of developmental politics. We argue that Hong Kong's citizenship is the product of dynamic struggles between state and society over the city's development. After 2003, the state was driving Hong Kong towards national integration with Mainland China, and the civil society was responding to such integration with resistance and antagonism. As a result, Hong Kong's citizenship was politicized into highly contested forms of developmental citizenship. It remains uncertain as to whether and how Hong Kong's citizenship can be transformed to reconcile the state-society tensions over the city's future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a database of 171 studies across 62,965 organizational units with job attitude data and business performance outcomes ranging from 1994 to 2015, we tested the hypothesis that positive employee job attitudes relate more strongly to business unit success during bad economic times than during favorable economic times. Results showed that although the relationship between favorable job attitudes and unit-level performance is positive and generalizable across all time periods, the relationships between job attitudes and all business success outcomes studied (profitability, productivity, turnover, and customer perceptions) were substantially stronger during the recession years of 2001, 2002, 2008, and 2009 in comparison to other years. Favorable employee job attitudes may provide extra assistance that helps business units continue to achieve under challenging economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breastfeeding is important for growth, development and survival of HIV exposed infants. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of morbidity, mortality and increases HIV free survival of infants. Evidence on risk factors for inappropriate breastfeeding in Northern Uganda is limited. This study determined the risk factors for non-exclusivity of breastfeeding in the first 14 weeks of life. This prospective cohort study was conducted among 466 mother-infant pairs between August 2018 and February 2020 in Lira district, Northern Uganda. HIV infected pregnant women were enrolled and followed up at delivery, 6- and 14- weeks postpartum. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain data on socio-demographic, reproductive-related, HIV-related characteristics and exclusive breastfeeding. Data were analysed using Stata version 14.0 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA.). We estimated adjusted risk ratios using modified Poisson regression models. The proportion of HIV exposed infants that were exclusively breastfed reduced with increasing age. Risk factors for non-exclusive breastfeeding included infants being born to HIV infected women who: were in the highest socioeconomic strata (adjusted risk ratio = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.01– 2.1), whose delivery was supervised by a non-health worker (adjusted risk ratio = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.01– 2.7) and who had not adhered to their ART during pregnancy (adjusted risk ratio = 1.3, 95%CI: 1.01– 1.7). HIV infected women: with highest socioeconomic status, whose delivery was not supervised by a health worker and who did not adhere to ART were less likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding. We recommend ART adherence and infant feeding counselling to be emphasised among HIV infected women who are at risk of having a home delivery, those with poor ART adherence and those of higher socioeconomic status. We also recommend integration of these services into other settings like homes, community and work places instead of limiting them to hospital settings. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; HEI: HIV exposed infant; PMTCT: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV; MTCT: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV; AFASS: Acceptable, Feasible, Affordable, Sustainable and Safe; LRRH: Lira regional referral hospital; CI: confidence interval; ARR: Adjusted risk ratio; SD: Standard deviation; PCA: Principal component analysis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complications due to prematurity are a threat to child survival and full developmental potential particularly in low-income settings. The aim of the study was to determine the neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm infants and identify any modifiable factors associated with neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) We recruited 454 babies (242 preterms with birth weight <2.5 kg, and 212 term babies) in a cohort study at birth from Iganga hospital between May and July 2018. We followed up the babies at an average age of 7 months (adjusted for prematurity) and assessed 211 preterm and 187 term infants for neurodevelopmental outcomes using the Malawi Developmental Assessment tool. Mothers were interviewed on care practices for the infants. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14. The study revealed a high incidence of NDD of 20.4% (43/211) among preterm infants compared to 7.5% (14/187) among the term babies, p < 0.001, of the same age. The most affected domain was fine motor (11.8%), followed by language (9.0%). At multivariate analysis, malnutrition and Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) at home after discharge were the key factors that were significantly associated with NDD among preterm babies. The prevalence of malnutrition among preterm infants was 20% and this significantly increased the odds of developing NDD, OR = 2.92 (95% CI: 1.27–6.71). KMC practice at home reduced the odds of developing NDD, OR = 0.46, (95% CI: 0.21–1.00). Re-admission of preterm infants after discharge (a sign of severe illness) increased the odds of developing NDD but this was not statistically significant, OR = 2.33 (95% CI: 0.91–5.94). Our study has shown that preterm infants are at a high risk of developing NDD, especially those with malnutrition. Health system readiness should be improved to provide follow-up care with emphasis on improving nutrition and continuity of KMC at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breastfeeding is important for growth, development and survival of HIV exposed infants. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of morbidity, mortality and increases HIV free survival of infants. Evidence on risk factors for inappropriate breastfeeding in Northern Uganda is limited. This study determined the risk factors for non-exclusivity of breastfeeding in the first 14 weeks of life. This prospective cohort study was conducted among 466 mother-infant pairs between August 2018 and February 2020 in Lira district, Northern Uganda. HIV infected pregnant women were enrolled and followed up at delivery, 6- and 14- weeks postpartum. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain data on socio-demographic, reproductive-related, HIV-related characteristics and exclusive breastfeeding. Data were analysed using Stata version 14.0 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA.). We estimated adjusted risk ratios using modified Poisson regression models. The proportion of HIV exposed infants that were exclusively breastfed reduced with increasing age. Risk factors for non-exclusive breastfeeding included infants being born to HIV infected women who: were in the highest socioeconomic strata (adjusted risk ratio = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.01– 2.1), whose delivery was supervised by a non-health worker (adjusted risk ratio = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.01– 2.7) and who had not adhered to their ART during pregnancy (adjusted risk ratio = 1.3, 95%CI: 1.01– 1.7). HIV infected women: with highest socioeconomic status, whose delivery was not supervised by a health worker and who did not adhere to ART were less likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding. We recommend ART adherence and infant feeding counselling to be emphasised among HIV infected women who are at risk of having a home delivery, those with poor ART adherence and those of higher socioeconomic status. We also recommend integration of these services into other settings like homes, community and work places instead of limiting them to hospital settings. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; HEI: HIV exposed infant; PMTCT: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV; MTCT: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV; AFASS: Acceptable, Feasible, Affordable, Sustainable and Safe; LRRH: Lira regional referral hospital; CI: confidence interval; ARR: Adjusted risk ratio; SD: Standard deviation; PCA: Principal component analysis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complications due to prematurity are a threat to child survival and full developmental potential particularly in low-income settings. The aim of the study was to determine the neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm infants and identify any modifiable factors associated with neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) We recruited 454 babies (242 preterms with birth weight <2.5 kg, and 212 term babies) in a cohort study at birth from Iganga hospital between May and July 2018. We followed up the babies at an average age of 7 months (adjusted for prematurity) and assessed 211 preterm and 187 term infants for neurodevelopmental outcomes using the Malawi Developmental Assessment tool. Mothers were interviewed on care practices for the infants. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14. The study revealed a high incidence of NDD of 20.4% (43/211) among preterm infants compared to 7.5% (14/187) among the term babies, p < 0.001, of the same age. The most affected domain was fine motor (11.8%), followed by language (9.0%). At multivariate analysis, malnutrition and Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) at home after discharge were the key factors that were significantly associated with NDD among preterm babies. The prevalence of malnutrition among preterm infants was 20% and this significantly increased the odds of developing NDD, OR = 2.92 (95% CI: 1.27–6.71). KMC practice at home reduced the odds of developing NDD, OR = 0.46, (95% CI: 0.21–1.00). Re-admission of preterm infants after discharge (a sign of severe illness) increased the odds of developing NDD but this was not statistically significant, OR = 2.33 (95% CI: 0.91–5.94). Our study has shown that preterm infants are at a high risk of developing NDD, especially those with malnutrition. Health system readiness should be improved to provide follow-up care with emphasis on improving nutrition and continuity of KMC at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compared the effects of support strategies for promoting formal mindfulness practices of 9th grade high school students who participated in a 10-week school-based mindfulness education program. The students also completed social validity ratings of the support strategies they selected and the formal mindfulness practices they learned. All of the support strategies were associated with increased average minutes of formal mindfulness practices. Students who did not select an extra support strategy also had increased minutes of formal mindfulness practices but of less magnitude in contrast to the two most effective strategies. The social validity ratings of the support strategies ranged from equivocal to good approval, and the students gave positive ratings to the majority of formal mindfulness practices. We discuss the implications of these findings for designing mindfulness education programs, implementing practice-promoting support strategies, and conducting mindfulness research with school children and youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is rarely studied. This scoping review examined the HIV prevalence, health service use, prevention and risk behaviours among individuals with IDD. Method: Journal articles, book chapters and theses written in English and published from 1991 to 2017 in four academic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science) were eligible for inclusion. Results: From 1636 unique records, 32 documents were included in this review. They contained limited information on HIV prevalence and health service use by individuals with IDD and HIV. Most studies identified a poor understanding of HIV and high-risk behaviours, such as inconsistent condom use, among individuals with IDD. While HIV education programs were effective for this population, no studies identified educational interventions for their service providers. Conclusion: There is a need for educational programs and policies on HIV for both service providers and individuals with IDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between obesity and survival in non-Hodgkin lymphoma is unclear. Using the Ontario Cancer Registry we conducted a retrospective analysis of incident cases of aggressive-histology B-cell lymphoma treated with a rituximab-containing regimen with curative intent between 2008–2016. 6246 patients were included. On multivariable analysis the rate of all-cause mortality was lower for the overweight body mass index (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) (HR 0.85; 95%CI 0.77–0.95) and obese BMI (≥30 kg/m2) (HR 0.75; 95%CI 0.67–0.85) groups compared to the normal weight group (18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed a lower odds ratio (OR) of admission to hospital during treatment in the overweight (OR 0.84; 95%CI 0.75–0.95) compared to normal weight BMI group. In the largest cohort to date of aggressive-histology B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab, increased BMI is associated with a survival advantage, and the magnitude of this effect increases from overweight to obese BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reviews the taxonomy of Orthoprotella, Metaprotella and Notoprotella gen. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae) from the coast of New South Wales, Australia. In total eight species from these genera are recorded from the New South Wales coasts. Generic diagnoses of Orthoprotella, Metaprotella and Notoprotella gen. nov. are provided based on the present materials with recent detailed descriptions. The following five species are described in detail: Metaprotella guileri sp. nov., M. solitaria sp. nov., Notoprotella cornuta gen. nov., sp. nov., Notoprotella gordoni, new combination, and Orthoprotella australis. Metaprotella guileri sp. nov. is close to M. excentrica, but differs in pereonite 2 lacking a pair of pfosterior dorsal projections and lacking three distal small projections on the basis of gnathopod 2. Metaprotella solitaria sp. nov. is close to M. guileri sp. nov. and M. haswelliana, but differs from these species by the difference of projection formation of pereonites 2 to 3. Notoprotella cornuta gen. nov., sp. nov. is close to Notoprotella berentsae, but differs in having a mid-lateral projection near the base of gnathopod 2 and a distinct middorsal projection on pereonite 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep and circadian rhythm changes during adolescence contribute to increased risk across emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, and physical health domains. This study examines if sleep and dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) are related to greater risk in these 5 health domains. Participants were 163 (93 female, age = 14.7 years) adolescents with an evening circadian preference from a study funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Sleep and circadian measures included weekday total sleep time (TST), bedtime, and shut-eye time assessed via sleep diary, the Children's Morningness–Eveningness Preferences scale, and DLMO. Health domains included self-reported emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and physical health. Later DLMO was significantly associated with shorter weekday TST, later weekday bedtime, and later weekday shut-eye time, as well as lower risk in the behavioral domain. At the trend level, later DLMO was related to fewer physical health problems. Earlier DLMO combined with a later bedtime, later shut-eye time, or shorter TST predicted greater risk in the cognitive domain. Later DLMO and shorter TST or a later bedtime predicted worse physical health. DLMO timing was not related to the emotional or social domain. There is evidence that a discrepancy between sleep behaviors and the endogenous circadian rhythm may be related to risk in the cognitive domain for adolescents with an evening circadian preference. Preliminary evidence also indicated that a delayed DLMO and shorter TST or a later bedtime may be related to vulnerability to physical health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anecdotal and theoretical work suggests blink rate as an indicator of imminent suicide risk. We sought to empirically examine whether suicide decedents displayed a reduced blink rate in goodbye videos filmed before death, compared to several control groups. Independent raters coded blink rates from videos of 34 suicide decedents and four comparison groups: "mundane" product review, non-suicidal arousal, non-suicidal depression, and non-imminent risk of suicidal ideation. Mean blink rate was lower in the suicide decedent group relative to all comparison groups (ps <.001), except the depressed (p =.976) and suicidal ideation (p =.393) groups. Findings indicate blink rate may be reduced among individuals at imminent risk for suicide, exhibiting clinically-significant depressive symptoms, or experiencing suicidal ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metamorphosed felsic volcanic rocks occur interlayered with metasedimentary schist in close association with a 7 km long metabasaltic (greenschist) horizon in the Otago Schist belt of Central Otago. The felsic metavolcanic rocks are weakly foliated and locally segregated and consist principally of quartz and albite. Geochemical analyses suggest phonolitic compositions and a general within-plate affinity for the felsic metavolcanics rocks, and a MORB/back arc basalt affinity for the associated metabasalts. Zircons from two felsic metavolcanic samples are stubby, sharply faceted, prismatic grains with no visible inherited cores, and are considered to be of primary magmatic origin. Calculated weighted average 206Pb-238U ages for zircons from the two felsic metavolcanic samples are 190.5 ± 0.6 Ma and 190.1 ± 0.3 Ma. We interpret these ages (late Aratauran-early Ururoan; middle Early Jurassic) to date the deposition of the Torlesse Terrane metasediments at that locality, and also possibly the emplacement of the associated metabasalts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed the self-perceived training needs of Registered Behavior Technicians (RBTs) to inform the content and direction of supervision provided by Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCaBAs). The RBTs identified several training priorities that would improve their delivery of applied behavior analysis (ABA) services. Self-assessment by RBTs combined with direct observation allows supervisors to develop individualized training plans with these paraprofessional providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review essay assesses Michael Jackson’s ongoing project of staging an encounter between anthropology and philosophy in two books: Lifeworlds (2013) and As Wide as the World Is Wise (2016). Considering his philosophical enrichment of ethnographic theory and method, this essay addresses foundational questions about the prospects and practices of interdisciplinary engagement. It also suggests future avenues for continued dialogue between philosophy and anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares younger and older librarians with regard to how they experience age-related stigma. The purpose was to show how youth, although a culturally valued attribute, can be experienced as stigmatizing (i.e., as a form of positive deviance known as rate-busting). We conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 librarians who ranged in age from 27 to 64. Although both younger and older librarians reported feeling stigmatized because of their age, only younger librarians reported instances of other people drawing unwanted attention to their age. Because librarians are an older demographic, the attention young librarians receive as rate-busters may be due to disconfirming expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports results from a study in which participants encountered either (a) previously known informants who were positive (e.g. Abraham Lincoln), neutral (e.g., Jay Leno), or negative (e.g., Adolf Hitler), or (b) previously unknown informants. The informants ostensibly described either a trait-implicative positive behavior, a trait-implicative negative behavior, or a neutral behavior. These descriptions were framed as either the behavior of the informant or the behavior of another person. Results yielded evidence of informant-trait linkages for both self-informants and for informants who described another person. These effects were not moderated by informant type, behavior valence, or the congruency or incongruency between the prior knowledge of the informant and the behavior valence. Results are discussed in terms of theories of Spontaneous Trait Inference and Spontaneous Trait Transference. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The authors describe social validity assessment of mindfulness education and practices among high school students (N = 84) participating in a 10-week instructional program. The participants rated their satisfaction with and acceptance of several program components, content areas, and outcomes, as well as their engagement in specific mindfulness practices. Nearly all of the participants rated the program favorably, reported many beneficial effects, and anticipated future use of mindfulness in their lives. They did not routinely perform voluntary formal guided meditations beyond the classroom but did engage in informal mindfulness practices preceding certain activities (e.g., preparing for a test, athletic competition, performance event) and going to sleep at night. The authors discuss these findings and the implications for designing school-based mindfulness education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the safe administration of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the U.S. Topics discussed include expansion in the number of clinics in various settings offering rTMS, role of nurses in providing effective rTMS treatments and need of nurses to have knowledge about the indication for treating with rTMS, contraindications to treatment and possible side effects.

This article explores the growing use of mind/body practices such as meditation and yoga in Left social movements. The analysis is rooted in interviews with activists participating in the transformative movement-building current: the growing number of organizations integrating subjective and social transformation practices. William Connolly’s work on micropolitics is put into conversation with the transformative movement-building current. The epistemological assumption undergirding this article is that textual political theory, and the knowledge being produced by activists, can benefit from dynamic exchange. My argument is that Connolly’s post-Nietzschean political theory offers a powerful justification for the political importance of mind/body practices, one that adds to activist justifications. I also argue that transformative movement-building contributes to recent theoretical debates by concretely demonstrating the integral importance of micropolitics for successful macromovements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventionally, organically, and locally grown varieties of carrot, tomato, rhubarb, raspberry, strawberry, and bell peppers were analyzed by differential pulse voltammetry to determine the impact of cultivation conditions on produce antioxidant content. The potential (indicating antioxidant activity) and area (indicating antioxidant capacity) of the primary peaks were evaluated. Overall, no consistent trends were observed across cultivation conditions, suggesting that cultivation conditions have minimal impact on antioxidant content. This study revealed differential pulse voltammetry to be a sensitive and rapid method for antioxidant determination, with a detection and quantitation limit of 8.38 × 10−5and 2.79 × 10−4mol/L, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the consensus statement on therapeutic residential care developed jointly by an international consortium of experts on residential care. It highlights the efforts of British Prime Minister David Cameron in reviewing the role and purpose of residential placements within the wider child welfare system. Information about the working definition of therapeutic residential care is also offered.

We describe a modeling project designed for an ordinary differential equations (ODEs) course using first-order and systems of first-order differential equations to model the fermentation process in beer. The project aims to expose the students to the modeling process by creating and solving a mathematical model and effectively communicating their findings in a technical report. The students are required to produce a simple first-order differential equation and find the solution, given varying initial conditions. The students are also required to analyze a more complex, nonlinear ODE system model of the fermentation process. In dealing with the nonlinear system of equations, we provide the students aMathematicafile to reduce the time spent developing the model, but allow for more time to interpret the model. We also share some perspectives on the implementation of the project, provide alternative implementations, and possible extensions to the project. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The present study reviews the taxonomy of the Phtisicidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the coast of New South Wales, Australia. The following seven species are described;Dodecas decacentrumStebbing, 1910b,Dodecas hexacentrumMayer, 1903,Hircella cornigera(Haswell, 1879b),Metaproto novaehollandiae(Haswell, 1879a),Notoprotomima smithigen. nov., sp. nov.,Paraprotosp. andPerotripussp. Generic diagnoses ofNotoprotomimagen. nov.,Dodecas, HircellaandMetaprotoare provided based on the present materials.Notoprotomima smithiis fully described as a new species of the new genus.Dodecas decacentrumdiffers fromDodecas hexacentrumby the presence of paired dorsodistal projections on pereonite 2, paired mid-dorsal projections on pereonites 3 and 4 and shorter gill length on pereonites 2 and 3.Hircella cornigeraandMetaproto novaehollandiaeare described in detail. The larger mature males ofM. novaehollandiaepossess the unusual massive type of the propodus of gnathopod 2. The extended distribution ofPerotripusto the New South Wales coast is noted. A key for these phtisicid amphipods from New South Wales, Australia is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

There is reason to question some of the published thermal conductivity data for particulate foods. It is argued in this article, based on thermal conductivity bounds analysis, that the thermal conductivity of particulate foods should range between 0.03 W m–1K–1and 0.30 W m–1K–1(provided the porosity is greater than 25%), and that any data outside this range should be rejected. This argument was supported by data for five foods measured as part of this study (cocoa powder, corn starch, whole milk powder, sucrose, and wheat flour), and the majority of published data for particulate foods do indeed fall within this range. The geometric model was found to provide the most accurate thermal conductivity predictions of the models considered, and is recommended for use in first approximation predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelabresib (CPI-0610), a BET protein inhibitor, is in clinical development for hematologic malignancies, given its ability to target NF-κB gene expression. The MANIFEST phase 1 study assessed pelabresib in patients with acute leukemia, high-risk myelodysplastic (MDS) syndrome, or MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPNs) (NCT02158858). Forty-four patients received pelabresib orally once daily (QD) at various doses (24–400 mg capsule or 225–275 mg tablet) on cycles of 14 d on and 7 d off. The most frequent drug-related adverse events were nausea, decreased appetite, and fatigue. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 225 mg tablet QD. One patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) showed partial remission. In total, 25.8% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and 38.5% of high-risk MDS patients had stable disease. One AML patient and one CMML patient showed peripheral hematologic response. The favorable safety profile supports the ongoing pivotal study of pelabresib in patients with myelofibrosis using the recommended phase 2 dose of 125 mg tablet QD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02158858 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some adults with intellectual disabilities do not acquire oral feeding skills and are dependent on gastrostomy tube supplementation. Two adults with intellectual and multiple disabilities received intervention for oral consumption during daily meals (standardised food and liquid quantities, individualised procedural guidelines, and consumption-contingent consequences) while the frequency and amount of gastrostomy tube feedings were gradually decreased and eliminated. Compared to baseline (pre-intervention) conditions, the adults increased oral consumption of food and liquid during the intervention and gastrostomy tube supplementation was eliminated. These intervention results continued through multiyear follow-up, one participant lost considerable weight, the second participant maintained weight, and both participants had good health (no hospitalisations, illnesses, and missed medications) and benefited from eating daily meals among their peers. Behaviourally-based intervention with interdisciplinary collaboration and appetite stimulation strategy can establish and improve oral feeding in adults with intellectual and multiple disabilities who were previously gastrostomy tube dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vascular plant systematics there are sometimes conflicts between phenotypic and ecotypic variation and genetic differentiation that challenge species concepts, introduce taxonomic confusion, and create nomenclatural uncertainty. Until a 2014 taxonomic revision that segregated Kunzea ericoides into 10 species, it and K. sinclairii were the only species recognised in New Zealand. A recent DNA microsatellite study failed to support any of the new species, instead revealing biogeographic variation. Here we present the results of a genotyping by sequencing study with 1,361 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), sampling 48 populations representing four Kunzea species from South Island and southern North Island. The SNP study confirms the microsatellite findings: the two widespread species, K. robusta and K. serotina, are indistinguishable and share northern and southern genotypes with other species; a single metapopulation lineage reflects a national north-to-south clinal pattern; and population differentiation is low and net migration high. A significant isolation by distance pattern was revealed with SNPs. The 2014 revision was explicitly based on the unified species concept, but the primary criterion, that each species represents a separate metapopulation lineage, was not demonstrated. Species recognition was based on morphological and ecological criteria that have proved difficult to apply. Applying the unified species concept and the primary criterion of a single metapopulation genetic lineage, we now recognise just a single New Zealand species, K. ericoides, with other species constituting taxonomic synonyms. In doing so, we distinguish a grey zone of taxonomic uncertainty that reflects incomplete lineage sorting, gene flow coupled with a lack of reproductive isolation, and only partial ecotypic and phenotypic differentiation. As demonstrated in the Kunzea revision, there is considerable phenotypic and ecotypic variation in regional populations that is likely to be of ecological and conservation importance. We suggest informal ecotypes are a better way to recognise this level of variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotating cup measurements of the viscosity of the pseudo-binary melt, HgZnTe have shown that the isothermal liquid with ZnTe mole fraction 0.16 requires tens of hours of equilibration time before a steady viscous state can be achieved. Over this relaxation period, the viscosity at 790°C increases by a factor of two, while the viscosity at 810°C increases by 40%. Noting that the Group VI elements tend to polymerize when molten, we suggest that the viscosity of the melt is enhanced by the slow formation of Te atom chains. To explain the build-up of linear Te n -mers, we propose a scheme, which contains formation reactions with second-order kinetics that increase the molecular weight, and decomposition reactions with first-order kinetics that inactivate the chains. The resulting rate equations can be solved for the time dependence of each molecular weight fraction. Using these molecular weight fractions, we calculate the time dependence of the average molecular weight. Using the standard semi-empirical relation between polymer average molecular weight and viscosity, we then calculate the viscosity relaxation curve. By curve fitting, we find that the data imply that the rate constant for n -mer formation is much smaller than the rate constant for n -mer deactivation, suggesting that Te atoms only weakly polymerize in molten HgZnTe. The steady-state toward which the melt relaxes occurs as the rate of formation of an n -mer becomes exactly balanced by the sum of the rate for its deactivation and the rate for its polymerization to form an ( n + 1)-mer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel actuation approach is proposed for linear ultrasonic motors by applying a square-wave excitation voltage across the piezoceramic elements. Using this approach, the output force and power of the ultrasonic motor can be tangibly increased, without increasing its stator volume, thereby leading to improvement in the actuator power density. Added normal force is exerted on the moving stage by exciting the higher longitudinal resonant modes, the frequencies of which coincide with the harmonics of the square-wave voltage. The proposed approach is illustrated herein via the simulation of a suitably designed bimodal linear ultrasonic motor using finite-element analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transcription factor ΔFosB is upregulated in numerous brain regions following repeated drug exposure. This induction is likely to, at least in part, be responsible for the mechanisms underlying addiction, a disorder in which the regulation of gene expression is thought to be essential. In this review, we describe and discuss the proposed role of ΔFosB as well as the implications of recent findings. The expression of ΔFosB displays variability dependent on the administered substance, showing region-specificity for different drug stimuli. This transcription factor is understood to act via interaction with Jun family proteins and the formation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) complexes. Once AP-1 complexes are formed, a multitude of molecular pathways are initiated, causing genetic, molecular and structural alterations. Many of these molecular changes identified are now directly linked to the physiological and behavioral changes observed following chronic drug exposure. In addition, ΔFosB induction is being considered as a biomarker for the evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions for addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By assigning men the role of ‘lead’ and women the role of ‘follow’, social dance can be viewed as a form of serious leisure that appears to perpetuate a system that positions women as subordinate to men. Interviews with 29 women and 10 men who self-identified as social dancers revealed that women used several strategies to create meanings for following that allowed them to achieve parity with men while operating in an explicitly sexist idioculture. Women’s interpretation of following and the relationship between leading and following was as learning a complex set of skills and abilities that allowed them to make an important contribution to the dance. The meanings women applied to following can be understood as contained secondary adjustments. By viewing following as a performance that requires considerable skill, women can expose the idea that the role of follow is subordinate to the lead as a social construction, and, in the process, use being a follow to subvert the expected social organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Many physicians believe illustrations can be helpful in patient encounters, but fail to create such drawings due to a perceived lack of artistic ability. Digital drawing platforms, however, have the ability to compensate for the lack of artistic skills. Our study sought to evaluate how digital drawing instruction would impact the likelihood of medical students to utilise illustrations in future patient encounters. 'Draw Your Way Through Medicine' was an elective course, offered at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in 2020. The course instructed students how to create digital drawings using Procreate and how to depict specific surgical procedures. Students completed pre-and post-course surveys, which were analysed using paired t-tests. Thirty-six students enrolled in the course, of which 27 completed the pre-course survey and 21 completed both pre-and post-course surveys. Students' comfort level with drawing improved somewhat (3.0 to 3.5, p =.08), while their comfort level with creating medical illustrations improved significantly (2.2 to 3.7, p <.01). Qualitative responses echoed the enthusiasm for implementing digital drawing as a clinical communication tool. A digital drawing course showed considerable value in improving medical students' confidence in generating medical illustrations, making this form of visual communication a potentially valuable tool in patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the limitations of current climate-related disaster risk reduction policies that do not incorporate the underlying conditions in urban areas like Mumbai. It argues that climate risks exist at the intersection of changing nature of extreme events due to changes in climate (physical risk); presence of people, infrastructure, and resources in locations where these events are occurring (exposure); and the inability of exposed communities to reduce these losses or cope with them (vulnerability) due to simultaneous socioeconomic and political stresses. Hence, the article concludes that it is critical to apply a broader approach to understand the workings of underlying processes that affect all components and contribute to the production of risk and vulnerability in society. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]