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Yields of wild strains of shaggy mane (also called: maned agaric, horsetail fungus) and their hybrids were compared. Experiments were carried out on three substrates: rye straw, wheat straw and substrate for button mushroom growing. New hybrids, giving a high yield, were obtained as a result of the breeding process. The highest yield was found on substrate for button mushroom growing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of this study was to determine the elemental composition, phenolic content and composition and antioxidant properties ofImleria badia(Fr.) Vizzini (former namesBoletus badius(Fr.) Fr., andXerocomus badius(Fr.) E.-J. Gilbert) fruiting bodies collected from sites with different levels of pollution.Imleria badiawas relatively tolerant to soil contamination with toxic elements and was able to grow in As, Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations exceeding 15, 2.9, 0.4 and 77 mg kg−1, respectively. The concentration of elements in soil was reflected in the element content inI. badia. The fruiting bodies from polluted sites exhibited significantly higher content of all the analyzed elements. Among 21 individual phenolic compounds only protocatechiuc and caffeic acids, and quercetin were determined in fruiting bodies ofI. badia. The differences between the concentration of the quantified phenolic compounds and the total flavonoid content in fruiting bodies ofI. badiafrom unpolluted and polluted sites were not significant. However, the greatest total phenolic content was found in fruiting bodies from the polluted areas. The antioxidative capacity of mushrooms collected from heavily polluted sites was lower than those growing in unpolluted areas. The concentrations of some metals in soil and fruiting soil were positively correlated with phenolic content and IC50. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to estimate copper (Cu) accumulation efficiency in whole-fruiting bodies of 18 edible and non-edible wild growing mushrooms collected from 27 places in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship. Mushrooms were collected each time from the same places to estimate the diversity in Cu accumulation between tested mushroom species within 3 consecutive years of study (2011–2013). The study results revealed various accumulation of Cu in the whole-tested mushroom fruiting bodies. The highest mean accumulation of Cu was observed inMacrolepiota procera(119.4 ± 20.0 mg kg−1dm), while the lowest was inSuillus luteusandRussula felleafruiting bodies (16.1 ± 3.0 and 18.8 ± 4.6 mg kg−1dm, respectively). Significant differences in Cu accumulation between mushroom species collected in 2011 and in the two following years (2012 and 2013) were observed. The results indicated that sporadic consumption of these mushrooms was not related to excessive intake of Cu for the human body (no toxic influence on health). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of the study was to analyse levels of 17 trace elements and 5 major minerals in 11Boletus badiusfruiting bodies able to grow in extremely polluted waste (flotation tailings) and polluted soil in southern Poland. The presented data widen the limited literature data about the abilities of wild-growing mushroom species to grow on heavily contaminated substrates. Content of elements in waste, soil and mushrooms was analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS - Hg). The industrial areas differed greatly as regards the content of elements in flotation tailings and soil; therefore differences in Ag, Ba, Cd, Co, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ca, K, Mg, Na and P accumulation in mushrooms were observed. The highest contents of elements in mushrooms were observed for: As, Al, Cu and Zn (86 ± 28, 549 ± 116, 341 ± 59 and 506 ± 40 mg kg−1dry matter, respectively). Calculated bioconcentration factor (BCF) values were higher than 1 for Al (15.1–16.9), Fe (10.6–24.4) and Hg (10.2–16.4) only. The main value of the presented results is the fact that one of the common wild-growing mushroom species was able to grow on flotation tailings containing over 22 g kg−1of As and, additionally, effective accumulation of other elements was observed. In view of the high content of the majority of analysed elements in fruiting bodies, edible mushrooms from such polluted areas are nonconsumable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contents of 16 minerals and trace elements (Ag, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Pt, Ti and Zn) were analyzed in edible mushrooms (Leccinum scabrum,Boletus edulisandBoletus badius) collected in southwest Poland. Content of Co, Ni and Pb was similar in all tested mushroom species, while content of Ag, Ca, Cd, Hg and Ti was significantly higher inB. edulisthan inL. scabrumandB. badius. The largest differences between these species were observed for Fe and Zn accumulation. The highest contents of these elements were noted inB. badiusbodies (202 ± 88 and 137 ± 24 mg kg−1dry matter, respectively), lower inB. edulis(131 ± 99 and 89 ± 26 mg kg−1dry matter, respectively) and lowest inL. scabrum.Differences in As, Cu and Cr content between tested species were observed mainly betweenL. scabrumandB. badiusfruiting bodies. Content of Pt was below 0.01 mg kg−1dry matter). In the case of Mg and Mn accumulation, differences betweenB. edulisandB. badiuswere not observed (478 and 440 mg kg−1dry matter for Mg and 23 and 19 mg kg−1dry matter for Mn), and the results showed significantly higher content of these elements than inL. scabrumbodies (312 and 10 mg kg−1dry matter, respectively). It is worth underlining that clear accumulation shown by the bioconcentration factor (BCF>1) observed for all three mushroom species was noted in the case of elements Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni and Zn only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to compare accumulation efficiency of Al, Ba and nutritional elements (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na) exhibited by six edible mushrooms collected in particular regions of Poland during the last 20 years. The studied mushroom species were Boletus edulis,Cantharellus cibarius,Lactarius deliciosus,Leccinum aurantiacum,Suillus luteusandXerocomus badius. The highest and the lowest concentrations of the elements in tested mushroom species were 11 – 410, 34 – 337, 16785 – 34600, 140 – 607, 12 – 75 and 16 – 143 mg kg−1d.m., respectively. The highest average concentrations of Al, Mg and Mn were observed inSuillus luteusfruiting bodies, while for Ba, Ca, K and Na it was inLactarius deliciosus. BCF >1 was found for K and Mg in all tested mushroom species and additionally for the highest Ca and Na concentrations of all tested mushroom species except forC. cibariusandS. luteus, respectively. For the other tested elements (Al, Ba, Fe and Mn) BCF values < 1 were recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of this study was to evaluate Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn accumulation in six edible mushroom species and to assess their risk and benefits to human consumers. Mushrooms (Leccinium aurantiacum, Xerocomus badius, Lactarius deliciosus, Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius and Suillus luteus) were collected from selected regions of Poland during 1990–2010. The highest diversity between studied mushroom species was observed in terms of Cu and Zn accumulation. Significant differences in the accumulation efficiency were found among the six mushroom species examined. The most efficient were Boletus edulis (Cd and Hg), Suillus luteus (Cu and Sr), and Lactarius deliciosus (Pb and Zn). In the case of Co and Ni, the most effective were Xerocomus badius and Leccinium aurantiacum, respectively. The calculated bioconcentration factor (BCF) values of Cd, Cu, Hg, Sr and Zn were > 1 for all species in this study while Co, Ni and Pb usually were bioexcluded (BCF < 1). Additionally, based on the calculated daily intake rates of trace elements determined it can be concluded that occasional consumption of fruiting bodies of L. aurantiacum, X. badius, L. deliciosus, B. edulis, C. cibarius and S. luteus collected in Poland is safe and this finding largely agrees with results from recent studies by other authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]