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This study aimed to investigate the differences in the anti-oxidant capabilities and related gene expressions of six-month-old Hu sheep with different testis sizes. A total of 201 Hu ram lambs were fed up to 6 months in the same environment. Based on their testis weight and sperm count, 18 individuals were selected and divided into large (n = 9) and small (n = 9) groups, with an average testis weight of 158.67 g ± 5.21 g and 44.58 g ± 4.14 g, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in testis tissue were tested. The localization of antioxidant-related genes, GPX3 and Cu/ZnSOD in testis were detected by immunohistochemistry. The GPX3, Cu/ZnSOD expression, and relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Compared with the small group, the T-AOC (2.69 ± 0.47 vs. 1.16 ± 0.22 U/mgprot) and T-SOD (22.35 ± 2.59 vs. 9.92 ± 1.62 U/mgprot) in the large group were significantly higher, whereas the MDA (0.72 ± 0.13 vs. 1.34 ± 0.17 nM/mgprot) and relative mtDNA copy number in the large group was significantly lower (p <.05). Immunohistochemistry results indicated that the GPX3 and Cu/ZnSOD were expressed in Leydig cells and seminiferous tubule. The expressions of GPX3 and Cu/ZnSOD mRNA in the large group were significantly higher than those in the small group (p <.05). In conclusion, Cu/ZnSOD and GPX3 widely expressed in the Leydig cells and seminiferous tubule, high expression of Cu/ZnSOD and GPX3 in a large group has a higher potential in addressing oxidative stress and contribute to spermatogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of caffeine on cognitive impairment have not been conclusively determined. This study aimed to objectively assess the correlation between the urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and cognitive decline in older adults. Data on urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and the cognitive performance of participants aged 60 years and older were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011–2014. Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analyses were used to evaluate the association between urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and cognitive performance. Eight hundred twenty-seven individuals were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We observed that 1-methylxanthine, 3-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, 1,3-dimethylxanthine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, and 3,7-dimethylxanthine levels were significantly and inversely associated with cognitive decline. The RCS results suggested an approximately linear dose–response relationship between the aforementioned metabolites and cognitive performance. Moreover, the effects of urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites on cognitive function assessed using the AFT were more evident in men. Our study suggested that urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolite levels were associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment in a linear manner, especially in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worksheets are often used during field trips and utilize a learning cycle with three stages (exploration, concept introduction and concept application) to engage learners in the learning activities of observation and exploration. However, traditional paper worksheets do not provide multimedia and interactive presentations with physical objects, which made learners losing interaction with the physical context during field trips and failing to implement all the stages completely. This study designed an augmented reality worksheet with a three-stage learning cycle and applied it to learning about plants, specifically assisting learners in observing and classifying plants. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used to show the effect of learning when learners used augmented reality worksheets. Lag sequence analysis was used to identify learning behavioral patterns. The findings indicate that the learning effect of using augmented reality worksheets is much better than that of paper worksheets and improves the learners' interaction with plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperuricemia and gout are metabolic diseases characterized with high serum urate and impact human health significantly. Although some drugs have been developed to treat gout, hyperuricemia represents a substantial health problem. Reducing purine absorption through intestinal microbiota, which can be managed through intake of probiotics, emerges as a promising way to reverse elevated serum urate. Probiotics have shown several benefits such as immune modulation and improvement of intestinal functions. Therefore, this review briefly summarizes purine metabolism and molecular mechanisms for hyperuricemia and gout with the focus on recent development on the use of probiotics to alleviate hyperuricemia and gout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain additional insight into the genetic factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). First, we performed a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) integrating human cerebellum-specific variant-expression/splicing correlations to identify ADHD susceptibility genes. Then, the associations between expression/splicing quantitative trait loci (eQTLs/sQTLs) of the transcriptome-wide significant genes and ADHD were observed in a case-control study of Han Chinese children. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to validate the regulatory function of ADHD risk variants. Additionally, the transcription level of target genes in blood was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. TWAS identified that the genetically regulated expression of MANBA in the cerebellum was significantly associated with ADHD risk. Furthermore, we observed a higher risk of ADHD and more severe clinical symptoms in subjects harbouring heterozygous (TC) or mutant homozygous (TT) genotypes of MANBA rs1054037 than CC carriers. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that the mutation of rs1054037(C > T) potentially upregulated MANBA expression by eliminating the binding site for hsa-miR-5591-3P. Finally, RT-qPCR showed that MANBA expression in blood samples of patients was significantly higher than that of controls. Taken together, these results suggest a role of MANBA in the development of ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to explore the dynamic relationship between Fintech (financial technology) and EC(the economic capital of commercial banks market risk) changes for a sample of 16 listed commercial banks in China. We estimate a balance panel dynamic system Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) approach for the period of January 2011 to September 2019.The article finds that during the sample period, Fintech has reduced the cost of information on both sides of the transaction, increased the transparency of market information, and reduced the EC. It also finds Fintech can provide a large amount of data for commercial banks to conduct market analysis, which makes the procyclicality of commercial banks less than before. Further tests reveal commercial banks have profit-driven preferences, while banks with strong profitability and high asset scale have higher risk tolerance. The impact of Fintech on the EC of different asset sizes commercial banks market risk is different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia causes a series of responses supporting cells to survive in harsh environments. Substantial post-transcriptional and translational regulation during hypoxia has been observed. However, detailed regulatory mechanism in response to hypoxia is still far from complete. RNA m6A modification has been proven to govern the life cycle of RNAs. Here, we reported that total m6A level of mRNAs was decreased during hypoxia, which might be mediated by the induction of m6A eraser, ALKBH5. Meanwhile, expression levels of most YTH family members of m6A readers were systematically down-regulated. Transcriptome-wide analysis of m6A revealed a drastic reprogramming of m6A epitranscriptome during cellular hypoxia. Integration of m6A epitranscriptome with either RNA-seq based transcriptome analysis or mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based proteome analysis of cells upon hypoxic stress revealed that reprogramming of m6A epitranscriptome reshaped the transcriptome and proteome, thereby supporting efficient generation of energy for adaption to hypoxia. Moreover, ATP production was blocked when silencing an m6A eraser, ALKBH5, under hypoxic condition, demonstrating that m6A pathway is an important regulator during hypoxic response. Collectively, our studies indicate that crosstalk between m6A and HIF1 pathway is essential for cellular response to hypoxia, providing insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms during hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For high speed multiplier implementation, the recursive architecture is a parallel and modular approach with low complexity. However, compared to the conventional array multiplier, it costs more area due to the interconnection between sub-modules. In this study, the multiplexer based multiplier is adopted as the lower-level multiplier in the recursive architecture because it outperforms the conventional array multiplier in terms of speed, area, and power consumption. To further improve the speed performance, the proposed hybrid architecture exploits the carry-select adders (CSL) for partial products accumulation. The design is synthesized using TSMC 0.18μm standard cell process. According to the experimental results, the propagation delay is reduced by 20.5% and 40.9% respectively, compared to the optimized mux-multiplier and the conventional array multiplier. In addition, we reduce the proposed architecture to a partially truncated circuit for error tolerant applications. Without affecting the speed, both the power consumption and circuit area are further reduced by 25% approximately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Situational Judgment Tests for Teachers (SJTTs) were developed as an alternative to the existing evaluation programs for selecting student teachers. A Situational Judgment Test for Middle-school Teachers (SJTMT), a Situational Judgment Test for Primary-school Teachers (SJTPT), and a Situational Judgment Test for Early-childhood Teachers (SJTET) have been developed by 30, 20, and 10 senior teachers, respectively. We recruited a total of 5,039 Taiwanese university students as participants, to evaluate the reliability and validity of these SJTTs. The reliability coefficients of the booklets in the SJTMT, SJTPT and SJTET fell between.19 and.74. In regards to validity, a Rasch analysis revealed that most of the SJTTs' items fit the uni-dimensional Rasch model. Additionally, students who enrolled in teacher education programs have significantly higher scores on the SJTTs than those who did not attend these programs, providing known-group validity. An online SJTTs system was also set up to serve all the universities in Taiwan. This study discusses the construction and the practical application of SJTTs for the selection of student teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical education is a course that integrates knowledge of sports with skill drilling. Augmented Reality (AR)-assisted instruction has infrequently been applied in sport skill drilling. Video-assisted instruction has frequently applied to physical sports; however, it neither involves interactive practice nor embodies both textbook learning and the practice of sporting skills simultaneously. As a complement to video-assisted instruction, AR can apply virtual messages to learning objects so that 3-dimensional models can be superimposed into textbooks, which allows learners to read books while operating 3D character models. To verify the effects of learning outcomes, motor skills, and learning motivation with AR-assisted instruction and the effects of different difficulty levels on instruction materials, two experimental studies were implemented. Simple and basic running actions and more difficult Mark exercise actions were chosen as the teaching content. The experiments adopted a quasi-experimental design. The findings indicate that AR-assisted instruction is more effective than video-assisted instruction, and the effects are better for more difficult motor skills learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students of middling achievement who achieve intermediate results on the Basic Competence Test, a national high-stakes entrance examination in Taiwan, experience the highest test anxiety. The present study explored why such students experienced greater test anxiety and the source of that anxiety. A questionnaire survey was administered to 5,220 Taiwanese Grade 9 students in order to collect data on test anxiety, reasons for test anxiety, time spent on study, and frequency of cram school attendance. Data regarding students' achievement on the Basic Competence Test were also collected. The research findings were as follows: First, students of middling achievement had higher test anxiety than their peers. Second, the reasons for their test anxiety also varied according to levels of academic performance – students with middling achievement experienced anxiety about the possibility of not being admitted to a state school (which are more prestigious than private schools in Taiwan). Third, students of middling achievement spent approximately the same amount of time studying as top students but more time studying at cram schools. The findings indicate that students of middle achievement might experience greater test anxiety because they spend more time studying but still run the risk of not being admitted to a state school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using molecular dynamics simulation, local plasticity of bcc Fe (0 0 1) is studied at different density of Fe–H cluster. H-induced softening and hardening of Fe substrate are observed along with the tensile elongation at low and high density, respectively. The two contradictory phenomena are ascribed to H behaviours-related plastic deformation. At high H partial pressure, initial H aggregation would lead to the formation of many H-enriched clusters similar to hydride. Tensile strain-induced dislocations (TSID) prefer to be generated and grow at the weakening interface of clusters and iron substrate. At low H partial pressure, TSIDs are uniformly distributed in the whole substrate. Owing to the affinity between H and dislocations, the diffusion of H appears to be distinct under different spatial distribution of TSIDs. H aggregation and dispersion can be enhanced and produce nonuniform and uniform plastic deformation during the continuous tensile process at high and low Fe–H cluster density, respectively. The former can stimulate local failures and accelerate the degradation of mechanical property. The results are helpful for better understanding of Fe–H cluster-related hardening and softening considering external strain-altered H behaviours except for the mechanism of H-dislocation interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Exploring the career-interest profiles of students has both practical and theoretical significance; however, a minimal amount of research has been conducted to address this issue. The present study combined latent profile analysis and differentiation values to investigate the career-interest profiles of 13,853 junior-high-school students. The results indicate that while the students’ interests could be stratified into 25 profiles, 44.6% of students could be classified the as having low-differentiation profiles (such as like or dislike all types of vocational activities) and 24.9% of students could be classified the as having the artistic-social (like both artistic and social types of activities) profile. In addition, the proportions of females and males differed significantly among the profiles, but different grades did not. The proportion of males was higher for all three low-differentiation groups than of female proportions. Implications for career practices and future research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The redox state of carbon sources directly affected the ratio of NADH/NAD+which was coupled to the hydrogen production byBacillus sp. FS2011. The addition of the inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex (PDHc)E1 could regulate hydrogen production by FS2011 or pretreated compost in batch cultivation. With the addition of appropriate amount of inhibitor, hydrogen production via the NADH pathway was increased, leading to the higher overall hydrogen production. The maximum hydrogen yields of 307.6 ± 13.21 mL/g by FS2011 with the inhibitor of 80 ppm and 362.1 ± 10.1 mL/g by pretreated compost with the inhibitor of 60 ppm were observed, which were increased by 8.7% and 17.8% compared with the controls, respectively. Meanwhile the production of soluble metabolic byproducts such as butyrate, acetate and so on were decreased, resulting in reducing the difficulty of wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to determine if language acquisition can occur in a virtual situation in the absence of explicit instruction. After spending 1 year establishing a virtual community, the authors observed and analyzed interpersonal interactions and the development of Chinese communication competence, communication models, and interaction frequency. The results revealed that (1) language acquisition can be improved autonomously in a virtual situation; (2) communication competence occurs in a loop of processes that include receiving, exploring, dialogue, assimilation, adaptation, asking questions, problem solving, and conversation; (3) social interactions and a friendly environment are the most crucial factors in a virtual community; (4) community consensus, individual motivation, individual personalities, speaking behaviors, language competence, and leading techniques affect how individuals develop communication competence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this research is to develop a hands-on spatial geometry learning system to facilitate the learning of geometry. The development of this system was based on Duval's four critical elements of geometric learning: perceptual apprehension, sequential apprehension, operative apprehension, and discursive apprehension. The system offers support to high school students in the process of spatial geometry problem-solving. It provides a hands-on approach for manipulating spatial figures, thereby developing the students' visualization skills and ability to conceptualize images. The experiment comprised a total of 58 participants from different classes with the experimental group using the proposed learning system, whereas the control group using the traditional pencil-and-paper approach. The study investigated the effects of the hands-on system on the perceptual, sequential, and operative apprehension, and on overall spatial geometry scores and learning attitude. The results indicated improvements on effective learning and a higher level of sequential, operative apprehension, and overall spatial geometry scores from the experimental group. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is crucial to mitochondria in energy production and other physiological functions. When lowlanders arrive at high altitude, the mitochondrial content tends to decrease. However, the mtDNA content of native highlanders share the same feature as lowlanders remains unknown. It is also interesting to dissect the other changes in blood plasma that might accompany the change of mtDNA content. To address these issues, we recruited 241 Tibetan subjects in Tibet and 220 Han subjects in Shaanxi province. Relative mtDNA copy number and blood biochemical indexes were measured. Results show that relative mtDNA copy number in Tibetans is significantly lower as compared to Han subjects; sex, age, blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol show no influence on mtDNA content, but carbon dioxide combining power is negatively correlated with mtDNA content. These results indicate that an increase in CO2combining power along with lower mtDNA content may provide adaptive potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Tai Chi Chuan on the strategies of obstacle-crossing behavior in older adults aged over 65 years. Fifteen Tai Chi group (TCG) participants were compared with 15 general group (GG) participants. Kinematic parameters (by Vicon motion analysis system) and ground reaction forces (by Kistler force plates) were synchronously recorded. A two-way mixed-design ANOVA (α = 0.05) was used to test the effects of the group and the obstacle height. The TCG performed significantly faster stride velocities, longer stride lengths, and shorter stride times than GG while crossing the obstacles. TCG could also produce significantly larger forward ground reaction forces to propel the body and were able to make a significantly greater flexion angle of the hip of the leading leg compared with the GG. It was concluded that the TCG adopted a different strategy with GG to cross the obstacles and completed the crossing behavior more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Spacer can effectively reduce the steric hindrance and synergistic effect of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic ligands immobilized in adsorbents can improve the specific adsorption for low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In this paper, in order to improve the adsorption capacity for the Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), specifically, amphiphilic adsorbent based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing cholesterol ligand and sulfonic dextran ligands was synthesized. All kinds of factors affecting the synthesis yield and adsorption properties were studied in detail. Results showed that the amphiphilic PVA adsorbent has higher adsorption capacity for total cholesterol (TC), (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and lower adsorption capacity, and percentage for high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), while the ligand ratio of cholesterol to sulfonic ligands is 1.57:1, the adsorption percentage and adsorption capacity for TC, LDL-C, TG, and HDL-C were 54.4%, 67.6%, 42.5%, 10.4% and 4.02, 3.612, 2.154, 0.168 mg/g, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel ligand, diethylenetriamine-N,N′,N″-tri(acetyl-p-hydroxybenzoyl hydrazine)-N,N″-bisacetic acid, and its three soluble non-ion transition metal complexes, ML· nH2O (M = Mn, n = 4; M = Co, Ni, n = 2) have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductivities,1H NMR, FAB-MS, TG-DTA analysis, and IR methods. In addition, relaxivity of complexes are determined, The relaxivity (R1) of MnL, CoL, NiL, and Gd(DTPA)2–used as control are 6.33, 2.71, 2.60, and 4.34L·mmol−1·s−1, respectively. The spin-lattice relaxivity of MnL are larger than that of Gd(DTPA)2−. The results showed that complex of MnL may be a potential MRI contrast agent with high spin-lattice relaxivity, good solubility, low osmotic pressure due to non-ion complex. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The tools used for measuring examination stress have three main limitations: sample selected, sample sizes, and measurement contents. In this study, we constructed the Examination Stress Scale (ExamSS), and 4,717 high school students participated in this research. The results indicate that ExamSS has satisfactory reliability, construct validity, and measurement-invariance validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to discover more potential antifungal agents, in this study, 21 novel trichodermin derivatives containing conjugated oxime ester (5a–5u) were designed and synthesized and were screened for in vitro antifungal activity. The bioassay tests showed that some of them exhibited good inhibitory activity against the tested pathogenic fungi. Compound 5a exhibited better activity against Pyricularia oryzae and Sclerotonia sclerotiorum than trichodermin, and compound 5j showed particular activity against P.oryzae and Botrytis cinerea. The quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) indicated that log P and hardness were two critical parameters for the biological activities. The result suggested that these would be potential lead compounds for the development of fungicides with further structure modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Push Hand is an advanced training technique for the Yang-style old frame 108 forms Tai Chi Chuan. It is performed by two practitioners. To clarify how people use forces during Push Hand training, it is important to review the ground reaction force (GRF). Here, we quantify the characteristics of the GRF during Push Hand training. Kinematic data and GRF data from 10 Tai Chi Chuan practitioners (29.9 ± 7.87 years) were synchronously recorded using a three-dimensional motion analysis system (200 frames · s−1) and three-dimensional force plates (1000 Hz). The resultant GRF for both feet for the 0%, 50% and 100% phases of attack and defence were compared to body weight using a paired-samplest-test. The differences in the resultant GRF between the 0%, 50% and 100% phases of attack and defence were tested by one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. The significance level was set to 0.05. The total resultant GRF was almost equal to the participant’s body weight in push hand. This result was consistent throughout the entire push hand process. Our results revealed that the GRF was comparable to the body weight, implying that practitioners do not push or resist their opponents during the push hand process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioconcentration and elimination of racemic benalaxyl (BX) in trout liver microsomes and in juvenile rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)were investigated to determine whether the fish can bioconcentrate and degrade this fungicide enantioselectively. Both enantiomers of BX were extracted with organic solvents and evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. In the microsomes, BX degradation followed first-order kinetics, and theS−(+) enantiomer of BX was eliminated twice as rapidly as theR−(−) enantiomer, resulting in residues enriched forR−(−)−BX. In vivo experiment, chiral analysis showed an obvious selective bioconcentration of BX based on statistically altered enantiomer fractions (EFs) in the fish compared with the values in the water. TheR−(−)−BX was initially preferentially bioconcentrated by rainbow trout and then dissipated more slowly than its antipode. The mean half-lives for individual enantiomers were calculated as 31.6 h forR−(−)−BX and 20.3 h for theS−(+)−form. The results of the study showed that the degradation of BX enantiomers was stereoselective in rainbow trout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel cadmium metal-organic coordination polymer, namely Cd(atda)(3-abpt)(H2O)·2H2O (H2atda = (4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyldithio) diacetic acid, 3-abpt = 4-amino-3,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole)), has been obtained under hydrothermal conditions by the reaction of cadmium salts with two kinds of organic ligands, characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Structural analysis reveals that complex possesses a 2D honeycomb network. Additionally, the complex show strong fluorescence in solid state at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactions of piperazine hexahydrate with triazol and paraformaldehyde afford a new piperazine-containing ligand: (N,N′-bis(1-H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)piperazine) (btp). X-ray crystal diffraction reveals that btp is an overall linear structure. Its Hg2+ polymer displays a zigzag chain in which piperazine is held in the chair conformation. In addition, the spectra properties of the btp and 1 are investigated, the strong luminescence characteristics of btp and 1 are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid washing is a common method for soil remediation, but is not always efficient for chromium-contaminated soil. Both soil particle size and the forms of chromium existing in the soil affect the efficiency of soil washing. Laboratory batch and column dissolution experiments were conducted to determine the efficiencies of citric and hydrochloric acids as agents to extract chromium from soils contaminated with chromium. The effects of soil particle size and chromium fractionation on Cr leaching were also investigated. About 90% of chromium in the studied soil existed either in residual form or bound to iron and manganese oxides, and Cr fraction distributions were similar for all soil particle sizes. Almost all exchangeable and carbonate-bound chromium was removed by washing once with 0.5 M HCl, whereas organic chromium was more effectively removed by washing with citric acid rather than with HCl solution of the same concentration. For chromium fractions that were either bound to Fe-Mn oxides or existed as residual forms, the efficiencies of acid washing were usually 20% or less, except for 0.5 M HCl solution, which had much higher efficiencies. Separation of the soil sample by particle size before the separate washing of the soil fractions had little improvement on the chromium removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various types of porous resin adsorbents based on polystyrene, agarose, and cellulose as matrixes coupling with DNA, amino acids and other biological active molecules as ligands were extensively studied in China. Molecular recognition between the ligand and pathogenic molecule was investigated. Several commercialized products are now widely used in hospitals all over China. Whole blood hemoperfusion is used to treat patients suffering from autoimmune diseases, uremia acute intoxication, and hyperbilirubinemia. Clinical performances of hundreds and thousands of patients treated by whole blood sorption therapy show that the therapy is safe, efficient, and cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new binuclear complexes, Cd2(HL)2(NO3)4 · (CH3OH)2 (1) and Cu2(L)2(ClO4)2 (2), based on N'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide (HL) and Cd(II) and Cu(II) salts have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions extend both binuclear molecules, a 3-D supramolecular framework for 1 and 1-D staggered chains for 2. Fluorescence of both complexes is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3D complex [Cd(L)(4,4-bipy)].2H2O (1) has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Cd(NO3)2, 4,4'-bipyridine and 1,2-bis[3-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-4-amino-5-carboxylmethylthio]ethane (H2L). X-ray crystal diffraction reveals that 1 belongs to triclinic system, [image omitted] space group. The crystallographic data are: a = 10.103(2) Å, b = 11.786(2) Å, c = 12.005(2) Å, α = 93.58(3)°, β = 98.66(3)°, γ = 105.47(3)°. In 1, Cd2+ ions are seven-coordinated and carboxylate groups adopt two coordination modes (bidentate chelate, bidentate chelate bridging) to connect Cd2+ ions forming a 2D layer. The auxiliary ligand 4,4'-bipy further link these 2D layers leading to a 3D network structure. Besides, the spectrum properties of 1 are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The whole blood immuno-adsorption (WBIA) system, using an adsorbent to remove pathogenic antibodies of Myasthenia Gravis (MG), was studied. Cellulose-tryptophan adsorbent was synthesized and purified in our lab. Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rabbits were passively transferred with immunoglobulin from patients with myasthenia gravis. The rabbits underwent extracorporeal whole blood adsorption for 2 hours. Results showed no significant damage to blood cells and no changes in the concentrations of electrolytes. Total protein decreased by 12.6% (P<0.05) and globulin protein decreased 21.9% (P<0.05). The overall removal of antibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was 49.85%. The percentage of decrement of compound muscle action potential in 3, 5, 10Hz of EAMG rabbits all dropped down after the treatment. The quantity of neuromuscular junctions per unit area (25 mm2) increased significantly after treatment (P<0.05). In conclusion, the adsorbent was biocompatible, safe for whole blood immuno-adsorption. Whole blood immuno-adsorption improved clinical manifestation and neuromuscular function of the passively transferred EAMG rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work described in this paper explores the feasibility of using of a wireless handheld system (WHS) that supports the individual and co-operative reading activities of students and helps teachers implement reading strategy instruction in Chinese language classes. The experimental findings demonstrate that the WHS benefits students applying reading strategies and improves co-operative learning in relation to small reading groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coming era of Web 2.0 focuses on users' active online participation and interaction. Among such interactive media, the blog is one representative tool of online knowledge construction. The purpose of this study is to explore the behavioral patterns and the depth of knowledge construction when using blogs for teachers' professional development. This research combines quantitative content analysis, sequential analysis, and qualitative protocol analysis. We studied how 470 teachers used blogs to conduct instructional knowledge interactions prior to the intervention of teacher educators and analyzed the teacher's behavioral patterns and the depth of knowledge construction. On the basis of the discovered behavioral patterns, we see that although blogs can serve as a channel for teachers to share teaching information, the aspect of knowledge construction is limited. We point out these limitations, and provide suggestions on how teacher educators can guide interactions during training. We also suggest how system developers can adjust blog functions to facilitate the discussion quality of online teacher communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A coordination polymer, [Cu2(SCN)4(BPX)]n(BPX = 1,4-bis(pyridinium) xylol) was synthesized and characterized by IR spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal structure revealed that the title compound crystallized in monoclinic system with space group P2(1)/c, a = 5.7540(7)Å, b = 12.7203(15) Å, c = 17.598(2) Å, β = 94.9940(10)°. Two SCN-ions served as bridging ligands to link two Cu(I) ions, giving rise to an eight-member ring. Furthermore, copper atom and sulfur atom of the eight-member ring bonded sulfur atom and copper atom of adjacent eight-member ring through the formation of Cu-S to form a small four-member ring. Thus, innumerable eight-member rings alternately linked four-member rings each other to form an infinite one-dimensional ladder-shaped structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel coordination polymer [(DDTD)(Cu3I5)]n(DDTD = 5, 8-diazoniadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecane dication) was obtained and characterized by X-ray crystallography, elemental analyses, and IR spectroscopy. In the polymer, a unique 1D helical chain of (Cu3I5)n cluster was constructed, and the C-H· · ·I intermolecular interactions extended the 1D entities into high-dimensional frameworks to stabilize the supramolecular architecture. Furthermore, thermal property (TG, DTG and DSA) of the polymer was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new supramolecular complex [Ce2(bppt)3(NO3)12]·2H2O has been synthesized from 1,5-bis(pyridinium)pentane (bppt· Br2), and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectra. It consists of two [Ce(NO3)6]3- anions, three bppt2+ cations and a lattice water molecule. Both of Ce3+ are 12-coodination with oxygen atoms of nitrate, but one of them formed a distorted icosahedron. There existed weak π-π stacking interactions between the pyridine rings of organic cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EB1089 exhibits a high level of antiproliferative activity against various tumors. However, it is not known whether the mechanism of EB1089 induced the growth inhibition in human hepatic-carcinoma. Here we found that EB1089 significantly reduced cell growth in human hepatoma cells (Hep-G2) and blocked Hep-G2 cell-associated tumor formation in nude mice. The growth inhibition was linked to cell cycle G1 phase arrest by the accumulation of p27 and a reduction of Skp2. Knockdown of Skp2 reversed the p27 induction and G1 arrest. Taken together, our data indicate that EB1089 inhibitory activity is associated with alteration of cell cycle checkpoints through Skp2-dependent p27 induction in Hep-G2 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new complexes [Ni(phen)(H2O)4] · (atda)(H2O)5 (1) and [Ni2(4,4' -bipy)2(H2O)8] · (atda)2 (2) (where H2atda = (4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyldithio)diacetic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4' -bipy = 4,4' -bipyridine) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction technique. X-ray structural analyses reveal that the two complexes are both three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular structures and possess similar structural characters. The Ni(II) centers are both in distorted octahedral coordination environments, six-coordinated by four water molecules and two nitrogen atoms from a 1,10-phenanthroline molecule or two 4,4' -bipyridine molecules. The atda2 - ligands do not coordinate to the Ni(II) centers, but only exist as counter anions, forming hydrogen bonds with coordinated or uncoordinated water molecules. Various hydrogen-bonding interactions play an important role in the assembly of three-dimensional supramolecular architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven new metal-organic coordination polymers, [M(tzda)(H2O)4]n [M = Co(1), Ni (2) and Zn(3)], [Zn(tzda)(4,4'-bipy)]n (4), [Cd(tzda)(4,4'-bipy)0.5(H2O)]n (5) and [M(tzda)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)]n [M = Co(6), Ni(7)] [H2tzda = (1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyldithio)diacetic acid, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine] have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Compounds 1-3 display similar 1D zigzag chain structure. Compound 4 possesses a 2D-layered architecture generated from [Zn(tzda)]n moiety with double-chain structure cross-linking 4,4'-bipy spacers, while compound 5 consists of -Cd-OCO-Cd-OCO- chains cross-linked through -CH2SC2N2SSCH2- spacers of tzda anions and 4,4'-bipy, also showing a 2D-layered structure. The structures of 6 and 7 seem more complicated, in which the [M(tzda)]n layered subunits are extended to unique 3D framework by the bridging 4,4'-bipy ligand. Photoluminescence investigations reveal that 4 and 5 both display strong blue emissions in the solid state at room temperature, which could be significant in the field of luminescent materials. The magnetic studies of 6 and 7 show both display the characteristics of a weak antiferromagnetic coupling between metal ions in the system mediated by carboxylate bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years project-based learning (PBL) incorporating online discussions has gradually been applied to courses that focus on writing projects. Past studies have shown that learners in PBL often face the difficulties of not having in-depth data analysis and peer discussions and how teachers design the rules and methods for online discussions has a significant influence on the quality of discussion. Since using a peer assessment strategy in the classroom could facilitate learners' critical thinking and meta-cognitive skills, this study conducts an empirical observational study in order to analyse the content and process of the discussion activities based on peer assessment without teacher intervention and tries to explore students' knowledge construction of the discussion. Sequential analysis and content analysis were conducted to observe the scale of each aspect of knowledge construction and the sequential pattern of students' knowledge construction during the discussions. Teachers didn't provide any guidance or intervention during the activity. Based on the results of the observations, this study discusses the possible difficulties that students may encounter when conducting peer assessment online discussions. Finally, this study also proposes suggestions about the timing and methods for teacher interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel 3D coordination polymer [Mn(tzda)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)]n (1) of mixed ligands, (1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyldithio)diacetic acid (H2tzda) and 4,4'-bipyridine, has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectra. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a=18.1657(9)Å, b=9.0882(5)Å, c=22.9333(12)Å. In the structure, each Mn(II) ion is in a distorted octahedral coordination geometry, three among four coordination sites of the equatorial plane are occupied by the carboxylate oxygen atoms and the remaining site is occupied by the water molecule while the apical positions are occupied by two nitrogen atoms from two bipy molecules. The six-coordinated Mn ions are interlinked by flexible tzda ligands to form layers, which are sustained by rigid 4,4'-bipy ligands into a 3D open framework. The magnetic property of 1 was also investigated and the magnetic susceptibility data were rationally fitted with J=-0.103 cm-1, g=2.09, zJ'=-0.02 cm-1, showing weakly antiferromagnetic interactions among Mn(II) ions in 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new coordination compound, [Pb(phen)(NO3)3(H2O)]n(1), has been synthesized by the reaction of Pb(NO3)2 with phenanthroline (phen) in water. The complex was crystallized using the solution diffusion method and structurally characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. In the structure unit of the compound 1, the central Pb(II) ion is six-coordinated with two nitrogen atoms from the phen, three oxygen atoms from three nitrate groups and one oxygen atom from a water molecule. The [Pb(phen)(NO3)2(H2O)] units are linked together by O1, N3, and O3 bridge from nitrate groups, resulting in the formation of one-dimensional chain structures. It is further connected by hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions formed a complicated supramolecular compound. In addition, the spectral properties and TG analyses for the compound 1 are also discussed The IR, UV-Vis spectra of the title compound as well as its thermodecomposition behavior were also discussed in detail in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel 3D coordination polymer [Gd2(tzda)3(H2O)5]n (1) has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Gd(NO3)3 with a flexible building unit - (1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyldithio)diacetic acid (H2tzda). X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis reveals that 1 belongs to triclinic system, P1¯ space group. The crystallographic data are: a=9.6769(7)Å, b=13.4539(9) Å, c=14.9369 (10)Å, α=65.9050(10)°, β=82.1290(10)°, γ=80.1210(10)°. In the structure, two Gd(III) ions are both nine-coordinated and in different coordination environments while the tzda2- anions display three different coordination modes to link Gd(III) ions and then form a complicate three-dimensional network structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variations of membrane bound total sialic acid (TSA) and lipid peroxidation level dependent on the antioxidant enzyme activities such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) have been studied in yeast extract supplemented medium. The maximum SOD and CAT activities of F. equiseti tended to increase with raises of yeast extract concentration up to 25 g/L where they were determined to be 78.6 ± 0.96 and 312.7 ± 5.6 lU/mg. On the other hand, SOD and CAT activities in F. acuminatum significantly increased with the rise of yeast extract concentration up to 10 g/L (p < 0.01) and maximum activities were observed at this concentration as 36.3 ± 0.54 and 115.3 ± 2.19 IU/mg on the 12th day incubation. Other H2O2 scavenger enzyme, GSH-Px activities of F. equiseti and F. acuminatum were reached the maximum at 5 and 25 g/L yeast extract and determined as 5.06 ± 0.04 and 4.74 ± 0.09 IU/mg, respectively, TSA level showed positive correlation with SOD and CAT activities while LPO levels variations negatively correlated. The results may indicate that these antioxidant enzymes also appeared to be involved in protecting membrane bound sialic acids as well as membrane lipid of the fungus from exogenous reactive oxygen species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel coordination polymer, [CdCl 2 (bbmb) 2 ] n and a new supramolecular complex, [H 2 (bbmb)ZnCl 4 ] &CenterDot; H 2 O, [bbmb=1,4-bis(1-benzimidazolylmethyl)benzene] were obtained. X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis shows that [CdCl 2 (bbmb) 2 ] n exhibits a distorted octahedron and is a two-dimensional network. Its solid-state structure exhibits a layered packing mode. The supramolecular complex [H 2 (bbmb)ZnCl 4 ] &CenterDot; H 2 O shows that the zinc(II) atom is coordinated by four chlorine ions and connected by H-bonding with protonated bbmb and H 2 O forms a 3D supramolecular complex. The N H &CenterDot; &CenterDot; &CenterDot; O and O H &CenterDot; &CenterDot; &CenterDot; Cl hydrogen bonds play important roles in the crystal packing of the complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whole blood immunoadsorption (WBIA) system, using an adsorbent to remove pathogenic antibodies of myasthenia gravis (MG), was studied. Cellulose-tryptophan adsorbent was synthesized and its adsorption capacity of binding with acetylcholine receptor in the plasma of MG patient was evaluated. Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rabbits were induced by Ta183–200 peptide. The rabbits underwent extracorporeal whole blood adsorption for 2 h. Results showed no significant damages on blood cells and no changes in the concentration of electrolytes. Total protein decreased by 12.0% (P < 0.05), and globulin protein decreased 23.9 ± 5.6% (P < 0.05). The mean overall removal of antibodies against Ta183–200 was 41.12%. The percentage of decrement of compound muscle action potential in 3, 5, 10 Hz of EAMG rabbits all dropped down after the treatment. In conclusion, the adsorbent is biocompatible, was safe for whole blood immunoadsorption, and can remove antibodies in an MG patient effectively. Whole blood immunoadsorption improved clinical manifestation and neuromuscular function of the EAMG rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]